LA - Cantos 9, 24, & 26, Dante's Inferno, LA Week 12

What did the metaphor reveal about Virgil's mindset?

Virgil is like a peasant farmer who wakes up, sees frost, but thinks it is snow. If snow has fallen, then the farmer's herding animals will not get good fodder. However, the day warms up a little, the frost disappears, and the farmer is happy because now his herding animals will get good fodder. The farmer can take his sheep out to pasture. In this case, Virgil can lead his "sheep" Dante on toward Heaven once he realizes what to do.

Foreshadowing

Virgil says "There is a longer stair that must be climbed." This statement foreshadows the end of the poem where Dante will climb up Satan's legs in order to leave Hell and enter Purgatory.

Why is the phoenix related to the suffering of snakes in hell?

When the bird died it would explode and reborn in its own ashes. The same process happens when a human is bitten by the snake.

What did Dante continue to do while he was exiled?

Write Political essays

Erichtho

a Thessalian witch who could call the spirits of recently dead man back to their bodies and send them on missions into Hell. Although this character is from ancient myths, the story between her and Virgil is invented by Dante.

Tercets

a poetic unit of three lines

Dante used what rhyme scheme?

aba, bcb, cdc, ded.

Why did Fucci reveal this prophecy to Dante?

he wants to cause Dante a small amount of the suffering he feels

apostrophe

is an exclamatory speech addressed to someone or something that can not answer back. Dante opens this canto with an apostrophe directed at Florence.

Dante sees the punishment that thieves are subjected to what?

poisonous snakes biting them for eternity

Terza Rima

tercets used together in a linked rhyme scheme, includes eleven syllables per line.

The Furies

three sisters who punish blood crimes, sometimes considered the goddesses of vengeance. Dante is able to bring his motif of "three" into play again; the three furies might represent three categories of sins punished in Hell.

verbal irony

to surprise the reader into paying attention.

Allegory

useful in literature because they can help readers understand a difficult or intangible concept by comparing it to something tangible and familiar

In The Inferno, Canto 2, which three heavenly ladies does Dante learn are looking out for him?

1. Beatrice 2. Lucy 3. Mary

In The Inferno, Canto 26, How are Ulysses' words to his men similar to the Serpent in the Garden?

1. Both twist good ideas and words as a manipulation 2. Both insist on pursuing forbidden knowledge 3. Both claim that turning away from a desire is a denial of self

What characterizes the Middle Ages?

1. Class systems 2. Wars 3. Plagues 4. Corruption in the Church

What is the eighth stage of hell for?

1. Counterfeiters 2. hypocrites 3. grafters 4. seducers 5. sorcerers 6. deals with "fraud"

What two things did Virgil propose

1. Fame is necessary to leave a mark on the world that lasts beyond a man's short years on earth. 2. A strong mind can overcome weakness in the body.

The Divine Comedy is a long poem that contains three books, which are called:

1. Inferno 2. Purgatorio 3. Paradisio

Describe Malebolge the eighth circle of hell.

1. It was divided into 10 trenches. 2. It has bridges going towards the center 3. looks like wheel 4. center of the wheel is the 9th circle of hell

What were the three great sinners that Satan chews?

1. Judas 2. Brutus 3. Cassius

Which of the following areas did Dante utilize the number three in his poem?

1. The number of cantos in each poem 2. The number of lines in a stanza 3. The number of rhymed lines

What are 2 features of Satan are free from ice?

1. Wings 2. One head with three faces

What did Dante notice the snakes do?

1. when they bite a human either steal the human body. 2. the human becomes a snake. 3. they fuse and become one.

When was Dante born?

1265

What modern year did Florence apologize for expelling Dante?

2008

In The Inferno, which number appears again and again as a way to point the readers to God?

3

The Middle Ages lasted from _____________

400 B.C. - 1400 B.C.

What is the difference between a tragedy and comedy in classical literature?

A comedy ends happily and a tragedy ends poorly

What did lines 1-21 start out with?

A metaphor

Medusa

A monster woman with living, poisonous snakes in her hair. Whoever looked at her face would turn to stone. In mythology, the hero Perseus cut off her head and eventually gave it to Athena for her shield.

How will Virgil and Dante leave the Inferno?

A narrow stream

What creature is related to the suffering of the snakes?

A phoenix

Like bat's wings

A simile packed with irony: Satan's wings initially were a beautiful sign of his proximity to God. Dante describes them as bat's wings - no longer glorious

Which literary device is a phrase or image that has a double meaning, and can be understood on a literal, but also symbolic level?

Allegory

Which literary term is a casual reference in literature to a person, place, event, or another passage of literature, often without explicit identification?

Allusion

What is the second ring in the ninth circle of hell?

Antenora

As seen in The Inferno, what is the name for the literary device that is an exclamatory speech addressed to someone or something that can not answer back?

Apostrophe

Who was the girl that Dante met only twice, but had a huge impact on his life?

Beatrice

What is the first ring in the ninth circle of hell?

Caina

What is the literary term for grammatical constructs or ideas which are repeated in reverse order and is named after the Greek letter chi, which looks like an X?

Chiasmus

What is the term for: a very formal, secret, unrequited and highly respectful form of admiration for another person.

Courtly Love

In The Inferno, Canto 2, what vice does Virgil accuse Dante of displaying as they are in the entrance of Hell?

Cowardice

Who invented Terza Rima?

Dante

What essay did Dante write that the church officially banned in 1585.

De Monarchia

In The Inferno, Canto 9, what is the name of the city that encompasses Circles 6-9 and holds Satan.

Dis

In The Inferno, Canto 24, what, according to Virgil, is necessary to make a lasting mark on the world?

Fame

What, according to Virgil, will be lost if Dante gives into sloth and remains on the ground, recovering from his climb?

Fame

Which town was Dante born and raised in?

Florence

How many rings is the ninth circle of hell?

Four

Whom did Dante marry when he was 20 years old?

Gemma Donati

In The Inferno, Canto 2, why is Beatrice not afraid to enter the Inferno and summon Virgil?

God's grace makes her untouchable

What party was Dante a part of?

Guelph Party

In what ways has Dante grown, as demonstrated by his climb?

He follows Virgil without fear and with faith

What important information does Virgil share about his own experiences when he talks about Erichtho?

He has traveled this way before and knows the way

What does Dante notices in lines 13-48.

He sees fireballs flying through the air with sinners in it.

According to The Inferno, why did Ulysses (Odysseus) not return home after leaving Circe's island?

He was not ready to stop exploring

In The Inferno, Canto 24, Vanni Fucci gives Dante a prediction about Florence. Why did Fucci reveal this prophecy to Dante?

He was told to reveal it by Beatrice

Who is trapped in the open, burning coffins inside the Gates of Dis?

Heretics

Why was Dante exiled from his hometown?

His political party fell out of power

Based on lines 22-27, which words could best be used to describe Dante's mood?

Horrified and unsteady

I never saw such massive sails at sea.

Ironic comparison since Satan is stuck and can progress no where. Also an allusion and comparison to Ulysses sailing his men to doom and looking forward to

Dante put a lot of thought into the language he wrote his poems in, so he decided to write The Divine Comedy in...

Italian dialects

What is the fourth ring in the ninth circle of hell?

Judecca

Which ring in the ninth circle of hell was Satan held?

Judecca

What did Dante possibly die to when he was 56 in 1321?

Malaria

Where are Dante and Virgil at the beginning of Canto 24

Malebolge, the 8th circle of hell.

In The Inferno, Canto 1, we can see Dante the Pilgrim as an allegorical representation for...

Mankind

Coming across the water of the River Styx, comes an angel to open the gates. Whenever someone walks across water, your mind is probably instantly thinking about ________ __ when Jesus walked across the water to the disciples

Matthew 14

Plays that traveled around between cities and used allegorical performances to teach morality to young audience members were called:

Morality Plays

Three faces: red, yellow, black

Motif of three, these faces mirror of God's love, power, and knowledge with Satan's anger, hatred, and ignorance.

In The Inferno, Canto 9, Virgil covers Dante's eyes when the head of Medusa appears. What classical work might this be a reference to?

Odysseus had his men tie him to the mast to resist the sirens

In The Inferno, Canto 24, which mythical creature is Vanni Fucci compared to?

Pheonix

Cerberus

Pluto's three headed dog. In The Inferno, he resides in the third circle where he was chained by Hercules.

If Virgil is an allegory to represent Human Reason, what might this incident at the gate of Dis reveal?

Reason can not take you far without faith

In The Inferno, Canto 9, if Virgil is an allegory to represent Human Reason, what might this incident at the gate of Dis reveal?

Reason can not take you far without faith

In The Inferno, Canto 26, which word best described the tone in Dante's address to Florence: "Take joy, O Florence, for you are so great / your wings beat over land and sea, / your fame resounds through Hell!" Group of answer choices

Sarcastic

Emperor of the Woeful Kingdom

Situational irony - Satan rebelled against God to be the leader, not he is the emperor of a "kingdom" with no good in it and he has no control or say over his kingdom.

Why are Odysseus and Diomed punished in hell for?

Stealing the Palladium

Based on lines 25-32, which season is Dante comparing the eighth circle to?

Summer

What does Virgil tell Dante about the bright flame Dante notices?

That it contains Ulysses (Odysseus) and Diomed

What battle did Dante fight in when he was 24?

The Battle of Campaldino

During the middle ages, nearly all formal education was done through what?

The Catholic Church

At the beginning of The Inferno, Canto 1, Dante is lost in a dark wood. This dark wood is most likely an allegory for...

The experience of living apart from God's laws

Why does Virgil cover Dante's eyes?

The furies threaten to show the head of Medusa

Theseus

The mythological founder of Athens. He is most famous for defeating the Minotaur, and he also faced the furies while traveling through Hell with a friend. His friend was killed by the Furies and here they lament they left Theseus alive.

What is the contrapasso?

The sinner gets what he or she wanted. Ex. Violent people are sentenced to forever fight one another but never rest.

What was the punishment of the ninth circle of hell?

They are buried in ice up to their face. Some are totally buried under the ice.

In The Inferno, Canto 24, what type of sin is being punished by attacking, venomous snakes.

Thieves

Who or what was the ring, Tolomea, in the ninth circle of hell, for?

Those who were treacherous against guests

Who or what was the ring, Judecca, in the ninth circle of hell, for?

Those who were treacherous against their benefactors, especially God

Who or what was the ring, Antenora, in the ninth circle of hell, for?

Those who were treacherous against their countries or political parties.

Who or what was the ring, Caina, in the ninth circle of hell, for?

Those who were treacherous against their kin or family.

In The Inferno, Canto 1, what reason does Dante give for sharing his experience, even though it was terrifying?

To share the good he found

What is the third ring in the ninth circle of hell?

Tolomea

Vanni Fucci's reference to Mars ("Next Mars draws up a bolt from Val di Magra") indicates that the conflict will...

Turn into war

Where did Dante eventually settle?

Verona

In The Inferno, Canto 1, which historical figure appears to guide Dante toward God?

Virgil

Which poet will act as Dante's guide through Purgatory?

Virgil