LAB 01 EXERCISE 4 Applying the Scientific Method

SCENARIO A: Describe what hypothetical data might reject the hypothesis - for example, "The hypothesis would be rejected if we found data that indicated _________."

That larger lung size did not correspond to greater lung capacity. The presence of larger lung size or capacity did not correspond to areas of low oxygen levels. Also, the presence of larger lung size or capacity did not correspond to higher oxygen levels inside people's bodies.

SCENARIO B: Describe the type or types of data you would ideally collect to test this hypothesis.

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SCENARIO B: Describe what hypothetical data might cause you to reject the hypothesis - for example, "The hypothesis would be rejected if we found data that indicated _________ ."

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SCENARIO B: Describe what hypothetical data might support the hypothesis - for example, "The hypothesis would be supported if we found data that indicated ________ ."

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SCENARIO B: If you rejected the hypothesis, how would you refine and rewrite your hypothesis to account for your findings and begin again?

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SCENARIO B: Previous research shows that, in humans, the pelvic opening tends to be wider in females than it is in males. Generate a hypothesis about what causes this pattern in pelvic openings.

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SCENARIO C: Describe the type or types of data you would ideally collect to test this hypothesis

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SCENARIO C: Describe what hypothetical data might cause you to reject the hypothesis - for example, "The hypothesis would be rejected if we found data that indicated _________ ."

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SCENARIO C: Describe what hypothetical data might support the hypothesis - for example, "The hypothesis would be supported if we found data that indicated ________ ."

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SCENARIO C: Generate a hypothesis about why chimpanzees behave this way.

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SCENARIO C: If you rejected the hypothesis, how would you refine and rewrite your hypothesis to account for your findings and begin again?

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SCENARIO C: Previous research shows chimpanzee males form stronger alliances with one another than do chimpanzee females. Research also shows that adult chimpanzee females often split up and go to different areas to feed during the day while adult male chimpanzees spend more time together during the day.

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SCENARIO A: Describe the type or types of data you would ideally collect to test this hypothesis.

Data should include measurements of lung size and lung capacity of people at different elevations as well as measurements of natural oxygen levels at these elevations and oxygen levels of people at these elevations.

SCENARIO A: Previous research shows that some human populations living at extremely high altitudes have larger lungs. Research also shows that at high elevations the oxygen concentration in the air is lower, and people in these areas are at risk of not getting enough oxygen. Generate a hypothesis about why people in high altitudes have larger lungs.

Having larger lungs helps people take in more oxygen at high altitudes

SCENARIO D: If you rejected the hypothesis, how would you refine and rewrite your hypothesis to account for your findings and begin again?

I would refine my hypothesis by including that weapons were not found, no trauma on the skeletal remain were found, and no evidence of cultural blending

SCENARIO D: Previous research shows that Neanderthals successfully lived in extremely cold environments during the Ice Age in Europe. Research also shows that toward the end of the Ice Age and around the time that humans (Homo sapiens) moved into Europe, Neanderthals quickly became extinct. Generate a hypothesis about what caused the extinction of the Neanderthals.

If Neanderthals were able to successfully live in extremely cold climates, then it can be shown that Neanderthals and Homo Sapiens fought over land and experienced cultural diversity because Neanderthals became quickly extinct after the arrival of humans.

SCENARIO A: If you rejected the hypothesis, how would you refine and rewrite your hypothesis to account for your findings and begin again?

Larger lung size correlates to overall larger body size at high altitudes.

SCENARIO D: Describe what hypothetical data might cause you to reject the hypothesis - for example, "The hypothesis would be rejected if we found data that indicated _________.

No cultural blending, and diseases

SCENARIO A: Describe what hypothetical data might support the hypothesis - for example, "The hypothesis would be supported if we found data that indicated ________."

That larger lung size corresponded with larger lung capacity, lower natural oxygen levels, and higher oxygen levels in people's bodies.

SCENARIO D: Describe the type or types of data you would ideally collect to test this hypothesis.

The type of data that would be collected would be bones, weaponry, pottery, structural pieces of buildings

SCENARIO D: Describe what hypothetical data might support the hypothesis - for example, "The hypothesis would be supported if we found data that indicated ________ ."

Trauma on the bones, different types of cultural pieces such as pottery.