Lab 7: Organization of Nervous Tissue (Images)

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myelin

most long nerve fibers are coated with __________, a fatty layer which insulates the axon just like the plastic over the cord of an electrical appliance

the endoneurium is an additional sheath that surrounds the

myelin sheath

oligodendrocytes

myelinate neurons, wrapping them in fatty tissue (CNS)

Schwann cells

myelinate neurons, wrapping them in fatty tissue (PNS)

mixed nerves

nerves that carry both afferent and efferent fibers are called

efferent nerves (motor)

nerves that carry information out of or AWAY from the CNS are

afferent nerves (sensory)

nerves that carry only sensory processes and conduct impulses only TOWARD the CNS are

clusters

neuron cell bodies are often found in

neuroglia greatly outnumber

neurons

microglia

phagocytic cells, remove pathogens, waste, and cellular debris

dendrites

receive incoming information and contain receptors for neurotransmitters

satellite cells

regulate nutrient, gas and neurotransmitter levels

ependymal cells

secrete and monitor cerebrospinal fluid

A- dendrite, C- axon, B- cell body, D- axon terminal, E- Schwann Cells F- myelin sheath, G- Node of Ranvier, H- Nucleus

What is the correct labeling of this diagram?

the axon terminals store neurotransmitters in tiny vesicles and release them into the synaptic cleft when

a nerve impulse reaches the terminal

Nissl bodies are

a type of rough endoplasmic reticulum involed in metabolic actions of the cell and stain very darkly in histological sections

cell body

all neurons have a _______ from which slender processes extend

peripheral nervous system (PNS)

all of the nerves in the rest of the body

epineurium

all the fascicles are bound together by a white, fibrous connective tissue sheath called the _________, which forms the cordlike nerve visible to the eye

rare neurons, typically found in the eye, ear and olfactory mucosa

bipolar

fascicles

bundles of nerve fibers

neuroglia/glial cells

cells that support and protect neurons

astrocytes

form the blood-brain barrier, controlling the chemical environment of the brain

axons (nerve fibers)

generate and conduct nerve impulses

perineurium

groups of fibers are bound by coarser connective tissue called the _______ and form fascicles

multipolar neurons

have many processes attached to the cell body most neurons in the CNS and neurons that carry impulses AWAY from the CNS are multipolar

unipolar neurons

have one short process

bipolar neurons

have two processes, one axon, and one dendrite attached to the cell body

nodes of Ranvier

in some cases (PNS) there are gaps in the myelin sheath referred to as __________

axon terminals (synaptic knobs)

the axon terminates in many small structures called ________ which form synapses or junctions with neurons or effector cells

central nervous system (CNS)

the brain and spinal cord

nerves are classified according to

the direction in which they transmit impulses

neurotransmission

the insulating layer (myelin) increases the speed of the

synaptic cleft

the junction between the axon terminal of the presynaptic cell and the dendrite of the postsynaptic cell is called the __________

multipolar neuron

the most common neuron in the body named for many branches, processes and extensions that come off of their cell bodies

neurons

the nervous system relies on the transmission of electrical impulses through specialized cells called

neuroplasm or perikaryon

the neuron cell body contains a nucleus surrounded by cytoplasm called ________

neurons are classified according to

the number of processes or projections they have coming off of their cell bodies

Nissl bodies

the perikaryon is dense with ____

dendrites axons

there are two types of neuronal processes:

nearly all neurons that conduct impulses TOWARD the CNS are

unipolar

axon hillock

where the axon joins the cell body

endoneurium

within a nerve, each fiber is surrounded by a delicate connective tissue sheath called a(n) ________, which insulates it from the other neuron processes adjacent to it


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