Lab Practical 3

Eye- Lens

Biconvex

Cranial Nerve 11 XI A- Accesory

Motor- shoulder and neck muscles

Cranial Nerve 4/IV To- Trochlear

Motor/ Eye Movements

Nueroglia/CNS- Microglial cells

Phagocytic

Eye- Pupil

central opening of the iris

Tympanic Membrane

seperates external ear and middle ear/ transmits vibration to ear ossicles

Middle Ear- Ineus

Transmitts and amplities vibration

Motor- Somatic

Voluntary

tongue: foliate papillae

folds on tongue on back side

Tongue of Rabbit- Taste Buds

foliate papillae leaf like located on lateral border contain taste buds

Cranial Nerve 8 (VIII): Very- Vestibulotrochlear

Sensory/ Hearing

How many thoraacic vertebrea are there?

12

How many Cervical Vetebrea are there?

7

MIddle Ear-Malleus

Ear Ossicles

Motor-Autonomous

Involutary- Smooth and Cardiac

How many coccygeal spinal nerves are there?

1

How many coccygeal Vertebrea are there?

1-4

how many sacral vertebrea are there

1-5

How many thoracic spinal nerves are there?

12

Eye- Iris

Anterior portion of middle layer. Pigmented- control the amount of light entering

Cranial Nerve 12 (XII): Heaven- Hypoglossal

Motor- Movement of Togue

Cranial Nerve 6 (VI): And- Abducens

Motor/ Eye movements

Human Cerebral Cortex

cerebral cortex with neuron and glial cells glial cells- astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia-immune cells

Inner Ear: Cochlea

coiled tube in inner ear/ hearing

Inner ear

involved with hearing and equilibrium

Brain Astrocytes

star shaped cells, present in the cns, func: maintain blood brain barrier

CNS Motor

receptor muscle

Special Sensation

taste, vision, hearing smell

Somatic Reflexes

voluntary- Knee jerk, Plantar Reflex

Autonomous NS- Sympathetic

Active and alive/fight or fligh response

Neuroglia

CNS &PNS

Olfactory Epithelium Mammal

Specialized psuedostratified Columnar Epithelium Type of Cells: olfactory, sensory neurons Supporting Cells: Basal cells and Brush Cells Bowmans glands: small circular openings - glands produce mucosa

Skin- Pacinia Corpuscle

Deep pressure and stretch

Eye- Fovea Centralis

Depression in Retina, Highest visual activity

Retina

Different layers of retina 1-Nerve Fiberlayer 2- ganglion cell layer 3- inner plexiform 4-inner nuclear 5-outer plexiform 6-outer nuclear 7-receptor layer (pigmented epithelium has rods

Motor

Divided into Autonomous and Somatic Nervous systems

Peripheral Nervous System

Divided into motor and sensory

External Ear Ausicle

External cartilage covered with skin, collect sound waves

bipolar neuron

Eye and ear

Accesory Organs

Eye brows, Eyelids, Conjuctiva, lacrimal glands, Nasolacrimal duct, Externalocular Muscles

Cranial Nerve 3/III OH- Occulomotor

Motor/Eye Movements

Neuroglia/Pns - Schwann cells

Myelin Sheath

How many coccygeal nerves are there?

1

How many vertebrea are there in all

26

Mammal Cerebellum

3 layered Cortex inner granular middle purkinje single row outer molecular layer

How many spinal nerves in all

31

How many lumbar spinal nerves are there?

5

How many lumbar vertebrea are there?

5

How many sacral spinal nerves are there?

5

How many cervical spinal nerves are there

8

Inner Ear: Vestibulo Choclear Nerve

8th Cranial Nerve

Autonomous is divided into

Sypathetic and Parasympathetic

Eye- Cornea

continuation of sclera anterior bulge, transparent with no blood vessels/ Bend the light

CNS/Neuroglia- Ependymal cells

formation of cerebrospinal fluid

Eye- Ciliary Muscle

found in ciliary body/ Alter the shape of lens

unipolar neuron

function: sensory neuron

Eye-Retina

inner most layer

Autonomic Reflexes

involuntary- pupilary reflex, Salivary reflex

External ear and Middle Ear

involved with hearing

Innear Ear- Semicircular Canal

lateral- Equilibrium Anterior- Balance and Body Posture Posterior- each canal for specific disection of head movement

Proprioceptors

like interoceptors but present in skeletal muscle and tendons

Eye- Choroid

middle layer, blood vessels rich

Mammal Neuron Motor Nerve

multipolar neuron large cell body with multiple dendrites- recieves signals single axon that transmits signals away

Tongue: Fungiform Papillae

mushroom shaped taste buds that help dectect sweet, salty, sour, bitter taste on the edge of tongue

Neuroglia/CNS- Oligodendrocytes

myelin shieth

Eye Sclera

outermost, white layer of eye

Skin- Free Nerve Ending

pain and temperature

Autonomous NS-Parasympathetic

relax and digest

Exteroceptors

respond to external stimuli/ close to skin cutaneous receptors

interoreceptors/ vicero receptors

respond to internal stimuli/ present in hollow organs

CNS- Sensory

skin, sensory organs

Papillae

thick projections of mucosa mostly located on dorsal surface of tongue

Hearing Test- Renne's

to compare conduction vs bone conduction

Skin- Meissners/ tactile receptors

touch and light pressure

General Sensation

touch, pressure, pain, heat , cold stretch

Tongue-Vallate Papillae

contain tastebuds

Multipolar

motor and interneurons

Cranial Nerve 9 (IX): Good- Glossopharyngeal

S/M posterior tongue sensation/salivary glands

Cranial Nerve 5/ V Touch Trigeminal

S/M sensation of face and muscles of mastication

Cranial Nerve 10 X- Velvet - Vagus

S/M sensation of the larynx and pharynx / swallowing, muscles of larynx and pharynx

Cranial Nerve 7 (VII): Feel- Facial

S/M taste/ facial expression

Cranial Nerve - 1/I Oh- Olfactory

Sensory/ Smell

Cranial Nerve-2/II OH- Optic

Sensory/Vision

Cochlea inner ear of guinea pig

coiled structure spiral organ has three fluid filled chambers called scalea transverse section of choclea

Nueroglia/PNS - Satelite Cells

around cell body and regulates neurotransmitters

CNS- Astrocytes / Neuroglia

blood brain barrier

External Acoustic Canal

canal b/w ausicle and tymphanic membrane

Eye- Vitreous Body

clear gel like substance/ between lens and retina