lab quiz 5 bone a&p

In addition to supporting and protecting the body, the skeleton provides this function as well.

The bones store fat, red marrow, and calcium

Bones are somewhat flexible due to ________.

Collagen fibers in the matrix

an osteon

The figure represents a wedge-shaped section of which structural unit of bone?

In adults, ________ marrow fills the central canal of long bones, and ________ marrow is found in the epiphyses of long bones.

yellow, red

This type of cartilage supports the external ear and keeps it firm but flexible.

elastic

B

In which of the labeled parts of the adult long bone would hematopoietic tissue be located?

The shaft of a long bone is known as the __________.

diaphysis

Longitudinal bone growth occurs at this location in long bones.

epiphyseal plates

The epiphyses of long bones are ________

filled with spongy bone

__________ bone looks smooth and homogeneous

compact

The pain in the leg that is referred to as "shin splints" is often caused by

Fibroblasts

What tissue type replaces periosteum on the ends of articulating bones?

Hyaline cartilage

________ are the telescoping tubes of matrix (concentric lamellae) with their central canals that form a large part of compact bone.

Osteons

Achondroplasia is a type of dwarfism in which the long bones stop growing during childhood, resulting in limbs that are disproportionately shorter than the torso. This genetic disorder is characterized by deficiencies in the epiphyseal plate that include a low number of chondrocytes and inability of chondrocytes to enlarge. Which zones do you think would be most affected by this disorder?

Proliferation and Hypertrophic Zones

What fills the medullary cavity of the tibia of a three-year-old?

Red bone marrow

central (Haversian) canal

The blood vessels and nerve in the figure are found within which type of space?

In a child with rickets, the bones are prone to deformities caused by a lack of calcium, phosphate, or vitamin D. Which treated bone in Activity 2 most closely resembles the bones of a child with rickets? Why?

The bone treated with acid because the acid dissolves the calcium phosphate, making the bones less rigid and prone to deformation.

lamellae

What is the term for the layers of bony matrix surrounding the vessels and nerve?

hyaline cartilage

What material makes up most of the structure at A?

osteocyte

What type of cell is shown at A?

periosteum; dense irregular connective tissue

Which of the following correctly pairs the structure at C with its primary component?

osteons

Which of the following is a characteristic of the bone material at D but NOT of the material at B?

adipose tissue

Which of the following is the major component of the part of the bone labeled E?

D

Which of the labeled parts of the bone is composed primarily of compact bone?

Bones of the skeleton are connected at junctions called ________

articulations

The __________ skeleton consists of bones that surround the body's center of gravity.

axial

The skeleton is constructed of two types of tissue, ________.

bone and cartilage

The center of the osteon is called the ________.

central (haversian) canal

Which of the following bone belongs to the appendicular skeleton?

clavicle

A long bone consists of a shaft composed of ________ and an end composed of ________

compact bone, spongy bone covered by compact bone

Which of the following structures is an attachment site for muscles or ligaments?

crest

This membrane lines the shaft of long bones, and covers the trabeculae of spongy bone

endosteum

Cartilage has a covering made of dense connective tissue called a periosteum. true/false

false

Embryonic skeletons consist primarily of elastic cartilage, which is gradually replaced by bone during development and growth. true/false

false

The type of cartilage that has the greatest strength and is found in the knee joint and intervertebral discs is __________.

fibrocartilage

Which of the cartilage types below is matched correctly to it body location?

fibrocartilage; meniscus of the knee

__________ bones are generally thin and have a layer of spongy bone between two layers of compact bone.

flat

This is a passageway for blood vessels and nerves.

foramen

Which of the following bone markings helps form joints?

head

A condyle differs from an epicondyle in that the condyle ________.

helps form a joint

This is the most common type of skeletal cartilage.

hyaline

This type of cartilage attaches ribs to the sternum.

hyaline

What kind of tissue comprises the epiphyseal plate of bones?

hyaline cartilage

Vertebrae belong to this category of bones

irregular

A trochanter is a ________.

large, irregularly-shaped projection

The femur is an example of a(n) __________ bone.

long

The ________ is the storage area for yellow marrow in an adult bone

medullary cavity

The structural unit of compact bone is the __________.

osteon

An example of a sesamoid bone is the ________.

patella

All of the following are short bones except ________.

phalanges

All the following are functions of the skeleton EXCEPT __________.

production of melanin

Which of the following bone belongs to the axial skeleton and is a flat bone?

sternum

Which of the following bones belongs to the axial skeleton?

sternum