LABR 343 Week 1-7

Parents transmit gender information to their children both directly by what they say and indirectly by what they buy them such as clothing, toys and also through the kinds of activities that parent encourage their child to engage in. Select one: True False

True

In order to get a final grade of "B" in this class, how many points would you have to accumulate? Select one: a. 670 points b. 940 points c. 730 points d. 830 points

d. 830 points

According to the BBC video, which country ranks near the bottom of the Gender Equality Index? Select one: a. United Kingdom b. Iceland c. Lesotho d. Jordan

d. Jordan

Coverture, as a doctrine from Britain's Common Law meant which, if any of the following for married women? Select one: a. Women were obligated to vote in elections because their husbands were often away on business b. It was illegal to pay women less than the wage required to cover their living and household expenses c. Women were free to use government provided daycare so that they could pursue their careers d. Women were "protected" from citizenship obligations and rights because they were considered to be under the influence of their husbands.

d. Women were "protected" from citizenship obligations and rights because they were considered to be under the influence of their husbands.

According to the syllabus, how many hours per week should students expect to spend on class activities such as readings, videos, forum discussions etc.?

7-8 hrs per week

According to the video on the Great Migration, factory work was the primary occupation for African American women who migrated North. Select one: True False

False

Although individuals within organizations may suffer from unconscious gender biases, it is very unlikely that these attitudes will be reflected in organizational decisions over hiring and promotion. Select one: True False

False

Blackburn et al argue that it is not important to explore and explain both horizontal and vertical sources of occupational segregation. Select one: True False

False

If I miss the quiz or forum for the week, I can automatically make it up the following week. Select one: True False

False

In Butler's video a central argument is that there are evolutionary reasons to support the continuation of gendered behavioral norms. Select one: True False

False

In Turk's article, "With Wages So Low," the women letter writers Turk highlights are writing to express their gratitude that their wages and conditions have improved as a result of women's protective legislation. Select one: True False

False

In the EEOC ruling regarding Macy vs. Holder, it was noted that after informing the employment agency that she was in the process of transitioning from male to female, Macy was offered the position but at a lower rate of pay. Select one: True False

False

In their historical examination to support their social reproduction approach, Blackburn et all found that work in the home, unlike work in the in the labor market, had remained unchanged Select one: True False

False

One area of social life that has little role in socialization of gender roles is the media. Select one: True False

False

One example of socialization is that parents tend to buy their male children more toys than their girl children. Select one: True False

False

Sexual harassment of female military personnel is rare. Select one: True False

False

Social scientists have found that U.S. school textbooks are now completely free of gender stereotypes. Select one: True False

False

The EEOC stands for the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission and it handles all employment discrimination claims except those related to gender. Select one: True False

False

The main point of the class reading, "Divergent Paths: Conflicting Conceptions of Employment Discrimination in Law and the Social Sciences," is that Title VII is very well structured to continue to challenge discrimination even though work and discrimination mechanisms continue to evolve. Select one: True False

False

Under rational choice/human capital approaches, the intrinsic rewards of work, like interest and companionship, are equally important as the extrinsic reward of money. Select one: True False

False

When clerical work was considered "men's work" it was a dead-end, low-status job. Select one: True False

False

Part of Brandeis' argument in the Muller brief was that women were weaker than men and can't handle the same kind of poor conditions that men can endure. Select one: True False

True

Access to cheap, flexible domestic workers has enabled many middleclass women to at least partially escape their domestic duties so that they can pursue paid employment. Select one: True False

True

According to the video, the Great Migration lasted from 1915 to 1970. Select one: True False

True

According to the video, the system of sharecropping in the South resulted in economic exploitation and impoverishment for African American farmers. Select one: True False

True

According to this week's lecture and reading, one reason that Title VII is not as effective as it could be, is that social norms have evolved since the law's passage in 1964 and so it is much less likely that discrimination is evidenced by explicitly sexist statements as were common in the times of early cases such as Hopkins v. Price Waterhouse. Select one: True False

True

Although women make up a majority of university students, they still end up earning less than their male peers, because of the subjects that women tend to study are "traditionally female" such as English, library science, etc. Select one: True False

True

Ann Hopkin's manager denied ever saying to Hopkins that she should act more feminine. Select one: True False

True

At the time of the Price Waterhouse vs. Hopkins case, no one had ever been made 'partner' in a firm as a result of an EEOC/Tittle VII case. Select one: True False

True

Based on "coverture" women could not enter into contracts and therefore could not own or sell property, apply for credit or even own the wages they earned if they worked. Select one: True False

True

Blackburn et al argue that gender pay gaps based on occupational segregation occur because women have largely entered the expanding new areas of employment, and as exclusiveness of these occupations decline, pay levels also decline. As a result women's pay is generally below the pay in occupations where men still predominate. Select one: True False

True

Emotional labor according to Hochschild (1983) is exemplified in the role of the secretary who keeps the office functioning well on an emotional level; often requiring the secretary to manipulate her own feelings and the feelings of others in order to keep the office running smoothly. Select one: True False

True

Even though white women began to be accepted into clerical work at the end of the nineteenth century, women of color were not employed in clerical work until the 1960s. Select one: True False

True

In the 'Cost of Exclusion' video, the researcher explains that the idea of "stratification" is that when good jobs are scarce, there is a common belief that men are more deserving of those remaining "good jobs" Select one: True False

True

In the Muller v. Oregon case, the fine imposed on the owner/employer for violating Oregon's 1903 law limiting the work time for women was $10.00. Select one: True False

True

In the Phillips v. Martin Marietta case the employer did not want to hire women who had small children at home but had no problem hiring men who had small children at home. Select one: True False

True

In the court decision in favor of Hopkins and against Price Waterhouse, the court found 'we are beyond the day when an employer can evaluate employees by assuming or insisting that they matched the stereotype associated with their group.' This finding signaled a new principle, "the sex-stereotyping theory of sex discrimination" and effectively expanding "sex discrimination" under Title VII. Select one: True False

True

In the video, Unconscious Gender Bias, the speaker (Dr. Jennifer Whelen) notes that in large organizations at entry level, women tend to outnumber men by a margin of 60% to 40% but by mid-levels in organizations, women have all but disappeared. Select one: True False

True

It is important to make reference to readings, lectures and videos in your initial forum post and make sure it is at least 450 words long in order to get full credit for the discussion forum and in addition students should not re-write the discussion forum questions in their posts Select one: True False

True

More opportunities arose for women to work in the military as a result of the women's movement in the 1970s and the end of the draft and transition to voluntary military. Select one: True False

True

Motivating Ann Hopkins to file suit against Price Waterhouse was that the reasons given to her for her non promotion to partner 'just didn't add up' and she wanted to 'shed some sunlight' on the problem. Select one: True False

True

One impact of dress making sweatshops and their poor wages and working conditions is that it led women to "go on government relief" because their wages were not sufficient to pay their monthly expenses such as rent. Select one: True False

True

One way that unconscious bias may be evidenced in organizations is in the presence of informal social networks that exclude groups from the network even though it is not intentionally or explicitly done. Select one: True False

True

Professor Redmen (tech professor) offered some cautions or criticisms of the 'Hacking Tech's Diversity Problem' based on her experience with gender bias. She explained that bias is not necessarily put into writing such as on performance evaluations but is more subtle and informal. She illustrated this point with describing the socializing between her company's CEO with lower level male managers like soccer playing and beer drinking by men that excludes women. Select one: True False

True

The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) after several years in existence, interpreted the new Title VII law's federal guarantee of workplace equality to invalidate state laws that threaten women as a special class. Select one: True False

True

The authors of the article Divergent Paths: Conflicting Conceptions of Employment Discrimination in Law and the Social Sciences, note that in the Wards Cove Packing Co v. Antonio case (1989), the court found that statistical disparities by themselves do not lead to an inference of discrimination absent evidence of discriminatory intent. Select one: True False

True

The researchers in the video, "The Cost of Exclusion" set out to solve the puzzle of why it is that women's share of the best jobs (i.e. industrial jobs) has decreased despite the fact that women's employment has increased since 1991. Select one: True False

True

The shift from "protection" to "equality" has meant "non-distinction between the sexes," and has offered little to women in the "lowest-level and most precarious jobs." One example of this is the Family Medical Leave Act which grants women the right to take up to 12 weeks unpaid leave to attend to family emergencies but in effect traps working class women between providing life-giving care or life-giving wages. Select one: True False

True

The themes presented in non-news magazines bought by women have focused on getting and keeping a man and making oneself beautiful consistently since the 1940s. Select one: True False

True

While women now dominate the clerical workforce, clerical occupations were once considered "men's work." Select one: True False

True

Youth cultures tend to create peer pressure heavily weighted towards traditional gender stereotypes. Select one: True False

True

Which of the following are criticisms of Preference Theory? Select one: a. All of these are criticisms of Preference Theory b. The choices women, and men, make are not necessarily their true preferences but rather what is possible. c. The approach is highly individualistic in its dominant emphasis on choice. d. At all points it is assumed that people choose their course of action and lack of recognition that choices are always constrained by social circumstances such the availability and cost of childcare or the person income level. e. Preferences may often have little relation to outcomes.

a. All of these are criticisms of Preference Theory

What is the weekly deadline for posting your own answer and your responses to at least two other students to the discussion forum? Select one: a. Mondays by noon. b. Friday morning before 10 am c. Sunday night before midnight d. There is no deadline.

a. Mondays by noon.

What was Ann Hopkins seeking as a remedy in her case against Price Waterhouse? Select one: a. Partnership and backpay for the time, during which, she was denied partnership b. A cease and desist order be posted at the workplace and reinstatement to her former position c. Stock options and a public apology d. A public apology from the Price Waterhouse partners and a lump sum settlement of $1,000,000

a. Partnership and backpay for the time, during which, she was denied partnership

Which part of the media perpetuates greater gender stereotyping according to social scientists? Select one: a. Television advertising b. Television program content

a. Television advertising

In the reading, "Divergent Paths: Conflicting Conceptions of Employment Discrimination in Law and the Social Sciences" what term did the authors apply to the model of discrimination arising from Title VII? Select one: a. The perpetrator model b. None of these answers is correct. c. The reciprocity model d. The adequacy model e. The best defense is a good offense model

a. The perpetrator model

In the Supreme Court in the Duke v Wal-Mart case, which question was before the court? Select one: a. Whether to let the law suit against Wal-Mart go forward as a class action law suit b. Whether Wal-Mart discriminated against its women employees

a. Whether to let the law suit against Wal-Mart go forward as a class action law suit

How many total points can students accumulate between all of quizzes, forum discussions and exams etc? Select one: a. 500 b. 1000 c. 1200 d. 750

b. 1000

How many points do you lose from your forum discussion grades if you are late with your initial forum post? Select one: a. 5 points b. 9 points c. 15 points d. 2 points

b. 9 points

Which phenomenon/a were associated with the entry of white women into clerical work at the end of the nineteenth century? Select one: a. With the expansion of the use of typewriters, typewriting became identified as a "feminine specialty" allowing women to enter into the clerical workforce. b. All of these phenomena were associated with the entry of white women into clerical work at the end of the nineteenth century. c. Companies were expanding rapidly through technological innovations such as the telephone and typewriter and as a result the demand for clerical workers increased. d. Women became more openly identified and accepted for their work with the new office technology as with the Remington Company's use of "type girls" to show how their new typewriter machines worked.

b. All of these phenomena were associated with the entry of white women into clerical work at the end of the nineteenth century.

Which, if any of the following were stated by partners at Price Waterhouse as motivating their decision not to promote Ann Hopkins to partnership. Select one: a. Partners commented she 'overcompensated for being a woman' b. All of these were stated by partners at Price Waterhouse as reasons not to promote Hopkins c. Partners reacted negatively to her aggressive interpersonal style d. Partners described her as 'macho' e. Partners suggested she take a course at a 'charm school'

b. All of these were stated by partners at Price Waterhouse as reasons not to promote Hopkins

When a Policy appears to be neutral 'on its face' and is indeed applied neutrally to individuals from different groups yet has an impact that is significantly adverse on a protected group (race, color, religion, sex, national origin)- what kind of discrimination is that? Select one: a. Micro agression b. Disparate impact also know as unintentional discrimination. c. Unintended consequences d. Unforeseen impact e. Psychological discrimination

b. Disparate impact also know as unintentional discrimination.

What is the best way to characterize the outcome of the Dukes v Wal-Mart Supreme Court decision? Select one: a. It made no difference in terms of the ease or difficulty for employees to win class action lawsuits alleging systemic discrimination b. It made it more difficult for employees to win class action lawsuits alleging systemic discrimination c. None of these answers is correct d. It made it easier for employees to win class action lawsuits alleging systemic discrimination

b. It made it more difficult for employees to win class action lawsuits alleging systemic discrimination

In Turk's article, "With Wages So Low..." she mentions a historian (Alice Kessler-Harris) who noted that women's protective labor legislation was a "double-edged sword." What did she mean? Select one: a. All of these answers are correct b. It was a double edged sword because the laws provided some benefits to women but at the same time privileged men and presumed female vulnerability c. None of these answers is correct d. It was double edged because it led to the rapid increase in wages and improvement of working conditions for women leading mento then want the jobs formerly held by women e. It was double edged because it made the federal government irrelevant in regulating labor standards while enhancing the role of all 50 states in enforcing uniform labor standards for women.

b. It was a double edged sword because the laws provided some benefits to women but at the same time privileged men and presumed female vulnerability

When does the weekly quiz open? Select one: a. Wednesdays at 12:00 pm b. Mondays at 1 pm c. Thursdays at 11:59 pm d. Mondays at 3 pm

b. Mondays at 1 pm

What is the deadline in order to take the weekly quiz? a. Mondays at 1:00 pm b. Mondays at 11:59 am c. Fridays at 5:00 pm d. Sundays before midnight.

b. Mondays at 11:59 am

How many other students do you need to respond to in the forum discussions each week? Select one: a. None b. Two c. One

b. Two

What was or were the form(s) of gender bias described by professor Joan Williams (UC Hastings) in the video on women in high tech? Select one: a. Tight-rope in which women have to both be able to use and express masculine qualities such as fearlessness and risk taking to be seen as "competent" but at the same time must be seen as feminine. b. Motherhood, in which women aren't taken seriously for their skills but rather are stereotyped based on their roles as mothers. c. All of these were forms of gender bias described by professor Williams in the video d. Tug-of-war in which gender bias against women creates conflict between women and distancing of women from each other e. Women have to prove themselves over and over again. For example being given low-level, low-status projects to work on rather than higher profile work.

c. All of these were forms of gender bias described by professor Williams in the video

Which if any of the following revolutionized the dressmaking industry leading thousands of women to enter the occupation in dressmaking factories. Select one: a. The cost of domestic help was so low that women had little to do at home and so were looking for outside employment opportunities. b. Women-owned cooperatives became dominant in the industry creating some of the best paying jobs in the U.S. c. Invention of power sewing machines and the growing popularity of 'ready-made' clothing. d. None of these answers is correct. e. The capital flight from higher paid European dressmakers who set up shop in the U.S.

c. Invention of power sewing machines and the growing popularity of 'ready-made' clothing.

What is the "honest belief rule?" Select one: a. It is the social science concept that if people honestly believe that Title VII is effective, then it will indeed be effective in eradicating discrimination. b. It is a rule that holds that if a plaintiff honestly believes that she has been discriminated against, then there is a judicial presumption that such discrimination has indeed taken place. c. It is a rule that holds that the reason an employer gives for a decision need not be true, only that they honestly believed it to be true. d. It is a rule that holds that if the judge in a case, holds an honest belief that the employer probably discriminated, then that is enough to make a judgement awarding the plaintiff whatever remedy she/they are seeking. e. None of these answers is correct

c. It is a rule that holds that the reason an employer gives for a decision need not be true, only that they honestly believed it to be true.