(Language of Anatomy) 3600-+Review Questions Questions for Anatomy &Physiology
_____ refers to chemical reactions which lead to the production of complex molecules or structures within an organism.
Anabolism
_____ refers to chemical reactions which degrade or destroy complex molecules or structures within an organism in order to capture energy or raw materials.
Catabolism
_____ is the study of tissues, and _____ is the study of cells.
Histology; cytology
_____ refers to the entire set of chemical reactions which occur within an organism.
Metabolism
_____ is the study of small body structures, often too small to be seen with the naked eye.
Microscopic anatomy
The principle which allows us to (in many cases) infer the function of a component of the body based on its structure, and vice versa, is the _____.
Principle of Complementarity
''Abdominal'' refers to the _____.
abdomen (the "abs")
The breasts are _______ to the lungs.
anterior
The chest is _____ to the shoulder blades.
anterior
The navel is _______ to the lower back.
anterior
The lips are _____ and _____ to the ears.
anterior and inferior
''Brachial'' refers to the _____.
arm
''Axillary'' refers to the _____.
armpit
The _____ system transports oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and wastes throughout the body, in the blood.
cardiovascular
Physiology is the study of the body's function, often at the _____ or _____ level.
cellular; molecular
To maintain homeostasis, a(n) _____ must respond to signals indicating that a change has occurred by triggering events which will influence the change.
control center
The brain is _______ to the skull.
deep
The heart is _______ to the ribcage.
deep
The study of changes in the body's structure over time is called _____ anatomy: a specialized sub-field that deals with such changes prior to birth is called _____.
developmental; embryology
Organisms that ingest other organisms must _____ these items to capture energy and raw materials.
digest
The _____ system breaks food down into chemicals which can enter the blood for distribution to the body's cells.
digestive
The _____ system disposes of items which have been eaten, but which lack nutrient value.
digestive
The ankles are _______ to the shins.
distal (or inferior)
The hands are _______ to the elbows.
distal (or inferior)
To maintain homeostasis, a(n) _____ must be capable of altering the condition that is being maintained.
effector
Organs of the _____ system secrete chemicals called hormones into the blood.
endocrine
The _____ system regulates processes such as growth, reproduction, and nutrient use.
endocrine
Life forms must dispose of unneeded items, which is done in a process called _____.
excretion
''Digital'' refers to the _____.
fingers or toes
''Antebrachial'' refers to the _____.
forearm
''Antecubital'' refers to the _____.
front of the elbow
The study of large body structures is called _____ anatomy.
gross
To avoid a reduction in size from one generation to the next, living organisms must be able to _____.
grow
When a constant, dynamic equilibrium is maintained despite changes in the environment (for example, our ability to maintain a constant body temperature), this is called _____.
homeostasis
When equilibrium of a bodily system fails, this is described as ______.
homeostatic imbalance
The _____ system attacks foreign substances within the body.
immune
The hips are _____ to the ribcage.
inferior
The intestines are _______ to the neck.
inferior
The mouth is _____ to the forehead.
inferior
The pelvis is _______ to the ribs.
inferior
The _____ system forms the external body covering.
integumentary
The _____ system is the primary site of pressure and pain receptors, as well as sweat and oil glands.
integumentary
The _____ system protects deeper tissues from injury.
integumentary
The _____ system synthesizes vitamin D.
integumentary
To live, an organism must separate the _____ and _____ environments.
internal; external
The eyes are _____ to the bridge of the nose.
lateral
The thumbs are _____ to the pinky fingers.
lateral
The _____ system picks up fluid 'leaked' from the blood vessels and returns it to the blood.
lymphatic
The genitals are _____ to the hips.
medial
The pinky fingers are _____ to the thumbs.
medial
Atoms combine to form _____.
molecules
''Oral'' refers to the _____.
mouth
Living organisms must be able to _____ items; often themselves, but at the least, molecules and subdivisions within themselves.
move
The _____ system allows us to move objects in the environment, as well as to move our own bodies.
muscular
The _____ system is a major source of heat (allowing us to maintain body temperature).
muscular
''Cervical'' refers to the _____.
neck
In a(n) _____ feedback system, a change in a condition is sensed and returned toward its previous level.
negative
The _____ system is the fastest-acting control system of the body, activating muscles and glands as needed.
nervous
''Nasal'' refers to the _____.
nose
In order to survive, humans (and human cells) require _____ for raw materials and energy, _____ to allow aerobic respiration (one of the major metabolic reactions), and _____ to dissolve all of the chemicals of life so that reactions can occur.
nutrients; oxygen; water
One common way to organize physiological knowledge is to classify it by _____.
organ system
Organs working together on a common task form an _____.
organ system
''Palmar'' refers to the _____.
palm
''Pelvic'' refers to the _____.
pelvis (the 'basin' at base of trunk)
''Acromial'' refers to the _____.
point of the shoulder
In a(n) _____ feedback system, a change in a condition is sensed and amplified.
positive
The calf is _______ to the shin.
posterior
The lower back is _____ to the navel.
posterior
The shoulder blades are _______ to the chest.
posterior
The spine is _____ to the breastbone.
posterior
The elbows are _______ to the wrists.
proximal (or superior)
The knees are _____ to the ankles.
proximal (or superior)
The thighs are _______ to the feet.
proximal (or superior)
To maintain homeostasis, a(n) _____ must monitor the internal or external environment to detect changes.
receptor
The three components of a system which maintains homeostasis are a(n) _____, a(n) _____ and a(n) _____.
receptor; control center; effector
The study of a body area such as the foot is called _____ anatomy.
regional
Since no organism is immortal, any life form existing now must have had ancestors which were capable of _____.
reproduction
The _____ system produces sperm or eggs and sex hormones.
reproductive
The mammary glands (breasts) are a part of the _____ system.
reproductive
The _____ system keeps blood supplied with oxygen and disposes of unwanted carbon dioxide.
respiratory
To live, an organism must be able to _____ and _____ changes in the environment.
sense; respond to
Tissues consist of _____ <a phrase is appropriate as the answer, rather than a single word>.
similar types of cells
The _____ system houses the blood-forming cells of the body.
skeletal
The _____ system protects and supports body organs.
skeletal
The _____ system provides a framework and leverage so that muscles can cause movement.
skeletal
The _____ system stores minerals which may be used as needed.
skeletal
Anatomy is the study of the _____ of the body, while physiology is the study of its _____.
structure; function
The ribcage is _______ to the lungs.
superficial
The skin is _______ to the muscles.
superficial
The neck is _______ to the chest.
superior
The nipples are _______ to the knees.
superior
The nose is _____ to the mouth
superior
The study of the relationship between internal structure and surface features of the body is called _____ anatomy.
surface
The study of an organ system's structure is called _____ anatomy.
systemic
''Pollex'' refers to the _____.
thumb
An organ is made of several types of _____.
tissue
In anatomical terms, the relative position of the head and the heels during a somersault is _____, because such descriptions assume that the body is in the _____.
unchanged; anatomical position
The _____ system eliminates excess nitrogen from the body.
urinary
The _____ system regulates water and electrolyte levels and (to some extent) the pH of the blood.
urinary
''Carpal'' refers to the _____.
wrists
