Lap 7 History Quiz

Columbus' Controversy - he didn't actually discover __________ b/c there were already ppl there and it was inhabited and Vikings or China probs came before them - his attitude towards the natives was that they were uncivilized (b/c didn't wear _____) and no defense, controllable, trusting, no clothing. - treated them bad. Enslaved them. Pop. decimated b/c of ________ and they lose their land. Could use diseases as a weapon. If we were there we might have done the same thing

America clothing disease

Beginning in the 1400s, European nations began to explore the ________, _______ and Eastern _________ also known as the "________ ______". They explored the oceans in an attempt to find an all water route from _____ to _____. 1400s-1700s European countries colonized newly discovered areas and created empires overseas with sole purpose of making money via ______. It benefited Europe economically and politically but often harmed the _________ they colonized

Americas Africa Asia New World Europe to Asia trade cultures

the first to end the slave trade in 1807

English

lowest status but gradually gained influence. Depend on others and don't provide a need.

Merchants

By 1100, Japan's central gov't had started to lose control to ______________________. A feudal gov't develops similar to that of Middle Ages Europe. This feudal society is called the _______________.

local warlords Kamakura Shogunate

Name the 5 impacts on Exploration

1) Columbian exchange 2) New Eco system Mercantilism and Capitalism 3) Destruction of native cultures 4) African slave trade 5) Creation of new Culture with blended cultures

African Slave Trade - slavery within Africa had existed for _______ of yrs. Different African tribes took other Africans as captives- they then started selling these African captives to __________ -1500s = needed more _______ for large __________ and gold and silver __________ in the New World b/c of decline of native population. - Europeans began buying African slaves due to ______ shortages in the Americas.

100s Europeans workers plantations mines labor

Estimate: ___ million slaves were trade btwn 1500s- and 1800s -devastated African _______particularly along the coast of West Africa.

11 culture

the right of settlers in New World to use the natives as laborers

Encomienda

a spread and exodus of africans throughout the world. Cultural Diffusion. (Diff music related to culture)

African Diaspora

Incas - lived around _________ mts of SA (almost entire _______ ______) - ruled 12 mil ppl. agricultural, urban, sacraficed ppl and mummified dead kinds for worship. Poly religion. - No system of writing but kept knotted ______ (quipu). No iron, talented builders of _____ and ________. - Socialist gov. practices to share ______

Andes Pacific Coast cords temples and roads food

chain of islands (Japan is located on 4)

Archipelago

made swords and armor for the samurai class

Artisians

. _________________________________: Second shogunate, weak because of strong daimyos, first introduction of European goods including __________________________________________________.

Ashikaga Shogunate guns (from Portuguese traders)

Innovations in Technology - _______= tells us time and lat and long. to determine where you are. ______ _________ tells you what direction you are going. Make sure you are going in a straight line. - brought to Europe by ________. - ___________ improved ship with rutter and great cargo space. - More accurate _______ detailing the shape of coastlines and distance btwn ports. _________= map maker. ________created first charts. Portolan maps

Astrolabe Magnetic compass Muslims Caravel maps Cartographer Muslim

Pizarro and the Incas - P kidnaps the leader, ________ and ransacks him to pay ransom and they kill him anyways. Leader refused to surrender to Spanish rules

Atahualpa

leader of the Incas

Atahualpa

Middle Passage - 5-12 week journey across the _______ Ocean. Horrific conditions written about by _______ _______. Slaves were treated very badly. Slave ships were referred to as _______ ________ because so many died and slept in a small room as if they were lying in a coffin. Those who were able to survive the journey, were considered _________ in the colonies and lived and worked in bad conditions. Owners inflicted physical and degrading __________ and feared _____ but there were few- they resisted by keeping cultural _______ alive or working _______ or destroying _____.

Atlantic Olaudah Equiano floating coffins property punishments revolts traditions slowly equipment

Who naively suggested bringing over Africans?

Bartella de las Casas- the natives are dying so bring over Africans.

Portugal to the tip of Africa

Bartholomeu Dias

makes it halfway around Africa. Crew wanted to turn around and names cape of ________ but known today as cape of _____ _____.

Bartholomeu Dias, storms, good hope

priest that saw treatment of natives so suggested bringing over the Africans and began the African Slave Trade

Bartolome de las Casas

the last to end the slave trade in 1888

Brazil

Europeans captured, bought and traded for people in Africa and brought them as slaves to N and S America. Most slaves were brought to ________ and used by the Portuguese or to the _________ and used by the Spanish. Many slaves brought to the _________ were sold to slaveholders in ________ NorthA. England, Portugal, Spain, France and Netherlands dealt in slavery as big buisness until the early 1800s when it was _________ by most European countries.

Brazil Caribbean Caribbean outlawed

code of values "the way of the warrior" code emp. honor, bravery, absolute loyalty to one's lord.

Code of Bushido

global transfer of plants, animals, diseases, mostly to the benefir of the Europeans. New food gets included in diet and helps with _______ and _________ growth. Europeans and Horses and Cattle increase

Colombian Exchange health, population growth

________ _____: distinct social classes based on color and racial purity. Name the order

Colonial Society Peninsulares, Creoles, Mestizos and Mulattoes, Native and African

Spanish conquerors, explorers

Conquistadors

European born in America Born in SA, pure Spanish or Portuguese, born of descendants of Europe, ratially pure but cant prove it.

Creoles

large landowners

Daimyo

universities established by the Church. Meant for priests and men. Women had to enter the convent

Education

held highest rank in society but had no political power

Emperor

Draw the social hierarchy of Japan:

Emperor Shogun Daimyo Samurai Peasants, Merchants, Artisians

Triangular trade: 3 legged network that exchanged goods from ______, _______, and the _______. Picked up ________ slaves in exchange for manufactured ________ (guns, cloth, cash, from _______. Carry slaves to _____World and drop them off in exchange for NW products and ______ ________ (sugar, cotton, tobacco). Brought NW _______ and _____ ______ (sugar, molasses, cotton) back to ________.

Europe Africa Americas African products Europe New raw materials products raw materials Europe

first to circumnavigate the globe

Ferdinand Magellan

conquered the Inca

Francisco Pizarro

Defeated Mongol invasions with help of Kamikaze storms and kept Japan free of Mongol rule

Kamakura Shogunate:

Motives for Exploration Which is the most important and which is just a justification?

God .Glory (political power). Gold Gold God

time of blending cultures.

Heian Period

conquered the Aztecs

Hernan Cortes

Why were merchants so low in the hierarchy?

In Confucian Tradition, merchants had low social status- gained influence by lending $ to ppl.

Columbus - ______ but sailed for __________ b/c italy didn't do exploration. He promised to bring back goodies and spread __________. -His theory was if you went far ______ enough you will hit Asia. Problem: vastly underestimates ____________ of the earth and _______ are in the middle of the ocean. - lands in the _______ after 3 months and explored ______ America- he referred to it as the _______ ______ b/c he thought it was India in Asia. - he went back 3 times and went with exotic items and Natives and never realized he never made it. - Name his 3 ships:

Italian Spain Christianity west circumference continents Caribbean Central West Indies Santa Maria, Pinta, Nina

Only country that didn't explore

Italy

_____ is the center of trade in the middle of everything and get goods from the Muslims so their methods of trade are still the Silk Road and caravans so they didn't do water exploration

Italy

company in which investors share the risk. Prevents one person from going totally bankrupt. Everyone puts in a little so no one loses too much

Joint stock company

the best known Heian writer; her work= the Tale of Genji, educated women who writes 1st novel and depicts Heian period

Lady Murasaki

young indian woman who leads Cortes to Tenochitlan. Interpretor

Malinche

an economic theory that proposes 3 things as a result of exploration

Mercantilism

Mix of Native and European

Mestizos

largest Spanish speaking country in world built on Tenochitlan, Aztec Capital

Mexico City

the 2nd leg of the triangle in the African Slave Trade

Middle Passage

Exploration 1) _________= morally justified other motives - monks, establish missions in New World, All the other stuff is so they can bring Christianity to uncivilized nations. 2) _______ - ______ ________ had a big role because he went to china and spent time with Kublai Klan and comes back, writes books, sells spices, tells of different culture. Everyone wants to explore. __________ ______ had a big role b/c propels ppl to wonder what is out there and focus on trade. Drive ________ and _____ ________ 3) ________ -________ routes- all water to Asia - Spices from the ___________ (Spice Islands)- not expensive there but you get back and sell to ppl for $ (easy to transport) - Want to find ______ and ________ (mining)

Missionary Fame Marco Polo Ren. Spirit curiosity individual glory Wealth Trade Moluccas gold and silver

leader of the Aztecs

Moctezuma

They defeated the ______________________________ with the help of ______________________.

Mongols kamikaze

African and European mix

Mulattoes

Portugal Results: - fought Arab __________ in india and took control of spice ______ for short time - created a small trading empire in east - colonized one area of the new world- _______. Claimed by ________ ______- when he sighted it on his way to India

Muslims trade Brazil Pedro Cabral

Eng. France, Netherlands set up own colonies in NA in attempt to find ______ _______ around NA to Asia. - English explorer was ___ __________ ______ who was the 2nd man to circumnaviage the globe and tried to find NP. - Sailed for Dutch, _______ _____ looked for NP and discovers ______ ______ rivers and such.

Northwest Passage Sir Frances Drake Henry Hudson New York

3/4s of population (worked land)

Peasants

pure Spanish, Spain is a peninsula, had to be born on the Peninsula

Peninsulares

Dividing World in Half - when columbus returns they wanted to secure claim to lands in New World so turn to _______ who makes the ______ of _________ btwn Spain and Portugal who fight over rights to control new areas. - to avoid bloodshed, Pope Alexander draws a ______ of __________ around the globe distinguishing what Catholic Spain and Catholic Portugal can control - separates non-European world into 2 zones. -Spain gets ______ _____ (the ________) - Portugal gets _____ and ______ and comes _____ - only refers to Catholic so _______ doesn't care

Pope Treaty of Tordesillas Line of Demarcation New World (Americas) Africa and India Brazil England

European colonial empires - _________ :ports in India, east and west coast of Africa, islands of Indonesia and Brazil - _________: Mexico, CA, Cali, SA, South US, Caribbean Islands and Philippines - _________: East US, Canada, India -__________: Canada, Mississippi River Valley

Portugal Spain England France

First nation to explore:

Portugal (they wanted to establish themselves as a real world power and are very close to Africa so if they try to explore the other side of Africa they see how big it is and try to go around to find water route to India.

Magellan - __________ but sailed for Spain. Gave up citizenship - Given ______ ships to succeed where Columbus didn't. Funded by _________ V. -Very difficult and dangerous. Miscalculated size of earth. - Went through the __________ of __________= southern tip of Africa and crosses the _______ _______ and named it b/c of it's peaceful waters - sails for 2 yrs and ends in _________ with King Phillip II and was killed by ____________. - __ ship and ____ men return. - Significant b/c we sorta know how big the earth is and proves it is ________ and important for future

Portuguese 5 Charles Strait of Magellan Pacific Ocean Philippines natives 1 18 round

Portugal to the west coast of Africa

Prince Henry

patron of navigation, brought back 1st goods to be sold, never made it all the way around Africa, builds schools, brings in astronomers, creates tank of ppl, goes on adventures, goes to Medira,

Prince Henry the Navigator

Hernan Cortes and the Aztecs - they thought he was the God __________ because of his light _____ and _____. Young indian woman ________ leads him to ___________ and leader of Aztecs, _________ believes Cortes is God __________. Cortez forges Alliances with ppl around Aztecs and they overthrow them in Battle of __________.

Quetzacoatl skin beard Malinche Tenochitlan Moctezuma Quetzacoatl Tenochitlan

God mistaken for Hernan Cortes

Quetzalcoatl

'those who serve'/ member of the warrior class in Japanese feudal society

Samurai

warriors loyal to Daimyo

Samurai

actual ruler of Japan

Shogun

- ________= 1st country to successfully settle in the Americas. Empire included NA, CA, Caribbean and SA. Needed to conquer _______ and _________

Spain Aztec and Incas

Second nation to explore:_______ followed by __________, __________, and _________

Spain England, Netherlands, France

Mercantilism 1. _______ of the nation depends on it ________ 2. the wealth of the world is _______. 3. ___________ and favorable ______ of trade (export > import)

Strength, wealth finite Colonialism, balance

Why were the Europeans so successful? 1 (guns, iron, gun powder, horses, cannons, muskets) 2 (how Aztecs were overthrown, turn against each other) 3 (Natives think God has deserted them and Europ. aren't getting sick so more powerful. Wipe out 90% of population, thinking end of the world)

Superior Military Division among Natives Disease

Capital of Aztecs

Tenochtitlan

Aztecs - lived on Lake ________, Mexico. Ruled over 5 million ppl. Agricultural, mercantile, urban, military, practiced human _________ as part of poly religion. Had a ______, kept written records and had gold and silver, no iron - Live in _______ ____ today. Lived on platforms=______

Texcoco sacrifice calendar Mexico City chinampas

Japanese culture feared and respected the dramatic _________ of __________, including _________

forces nature tsunamis

three legged network that exchanged goods from Europe, Africa and the Americas

Triangular Trade

Makes it all the way around Africa and ends up in India. Leads 4 ships, only 2 make it back, bring back spices, makes $$$$ and 1000% profit. 1st to show how profitable it can be

Vasco de Gama

Starts in Portugal and ends in India

Vasco de Gama

set up Japan's first and only dynasty

Yamato Clan

result of the renaissance

age of exploration

Yamato Clan= set up Japan's first and only _________. They came to dominate a corner of _________, the ________ Jap. island. They claimed being direct _________ from the ____ goddess, ___________, and chose the rising _____ as their symbol

dynasty Honshu largest descent sun Amaterasu sun

individual who takes financial risk for a profit

entrepreneur

Portugal was the ______ to explore and closest to ______ so their route was to sail around __________ and head east into the _______ _____. Name their explorers

first Africa Africa Indian Ocean Prince Henry the Navigator, Bartholomeu Dias, Vasco da Gama

Because they were protected by seas, Japan remains ________ and develops a distinct culture.

isolated

divine winds

kamikaze

Encomienda - Spanish conquistadors get free ____ and the natives get _________. - Conquistadors force natives and have brutal conditions. - The jobs Natives do for the Spanish: _________ and ________ gold and silver. -Jobs Portuguese natives do: huge _________ and _________ estates - new laws= ineffective b/c no one enforces them or cares. Natives become ______

labor salvation Sugarcane and Mining farming and cattle peons

the _______ ______ is everything we knew existed before the age of exploration. They used to think you fell off the earth once you get to the edge.

old world

workers in debt bondage. Never ending cycle

peons

Slaves were treated very _________. They were captured on the West Coast of Africa and forced to walk 500 miles to coast. When they are at the coast they are put in big _______ ________ for weeks or days. This ship comes and inspects health and brings on ship and put in _______ shaped holes. _________ _________ writes about treatment of slaves. Men handcuffed- didn't eat- burning coal- women raped- made them dance. ______ _______ had to happen close to shore.

poorly storage units coffin Alexander Falconbridge slave revolts

Spain was the _______ to explore but their route is sailing ______ across the _______ ________. Name their explorers. Their result was creating a strong, wealthy, overseas empire in the ___ ______ based on colonization and exploitation of _____

second west Atlantic Ocean Christopher Columbus and Ferdinand Magellan New World natives

Adopting or adapting some cultural traits but discarding others

selective borrowing

Why were so many slaves traded? What was happening in America.

short life expectancy in the Caribbean for slaves there was homegrown trade in America and slaves were living long enough to have kids

tax on imported goods

tariffs

Why were there labor shortages in the New World?

the population of natives are dying

title waves created by underwater earthquakes

tsunamis

Obstacles to Exploration 1) Superstitions due to fear of the ________ (world was flat, boiling parts in ocean, sirens, mermaids, monsters, kraken) - ________ sailor on ship was good luck, woman is bad luck and _________ were bad luck) 2) _________. Had lack of food and water and got a disease called ________ b/c lack of vit. c 3) ________= never coming back, hostile natives, nothing is there

unknown Portuguese Bananas Sickness scurvy Risk

officials chosen by the king of Spain and rule over large portions of the colonies

viceroys