Latin America

About how many families owned almost all of Mexico during the dictatorial reign of Porfirio Diaz from 1877 to 1911?

1,000 families

What is the name of the caudillo who ruled Mexico from 1833 to 1855?

Antonio López de Santa Anna

Who led conservatives elites to declare Mexico's independence from Spain in 1821?

Augustín de Iturbide. He is a creole

Social classes in Latin America: Who were creoles

Creoles controlled land and business but were regarded as second-class citizens by peninsulares. The creoles were descendants of Europeans and born in the Americas. They were ethnically European but culturally they are American. Creoles were descendants of Euripeans born in Latin America and lived there permanently. They dislike the domination of their trade by Spain and Portugual, and deeply resented the peninsulares.

What were the result of the Spanish-American War in 1898?

Cuba became a protectorate, and Puerto Rico was annexed to the United States. In the Pacific, the U.S. acquired the Philippines and Guam

Who led landless peasants to seize the estates of wealthy landowners during the Mexican Revolution

Emiliano Zapata

Who led more than 100,000 slaves in a revolt in the French colony of Saint Domingue on the island of Hispaniola?

François-Dominique Toussaint-Louverture led the revolt in the French colony, now known as Haiti. This was in 1804

How did the French Revolution help inspire the revolution in Mexico?

Hidalgo studied the French Revolutions and roused the local people to free themselves from the Spanish. He led the Native Americans and mestizos in a revolt against the Spanish.

Who led the struggle for independence in Venezuela. then went on to liberate New Granada (Colombia), Ecuador and other countries in South America?

José de San Martín Simón Bolívar. He was a creole.

How did the landed elite dominate the citizens of countries in Latin America?

Land was the basis of wealth, prestige, and power. The landed elite controlled governments, controlled courts, and kept a system of inexpensive labor. They made enormous profits from labor

How was Latin America's economy dominated by Europe and the United States?

Latin America countries exported raw materials such as wheat, wool, sugar, and coffee, and imported finished goods such as textiles

How were Jose de Martin and his forces able to surprise the Spaniards in Chile in 1817?

Martin led his forces over the Andes which was an amazing feat.

Social classes in Latin America: Who were the mestizos?

Mestizos were the largest group but worked as servants or laborers. Mestizos were descendants of Europeans and Native Americans (frontier of inclusion). They were the largest group, but worked as servants or laborers.

How did Mexico lose half of its territory to the United States?

Mexico was defeated in a war with the U.S. from 1846-1848

What is the name of the priest who became a hero of Mexican independence

Miguel Hidalgo. (He was executed) He led a group of mestizos and Native Americans to get rid of the peninsulares.

Social classes in Latin America: Who were the peninsulares?

Peninsulares help all important positions. They were at the top. They are ethnically and culturally Europeans. They would build up their wealth as much as they could and then go back to Europe with that wealth. They did not see a future in the Americas. Peninsulares were Spanish and Portuguese officials who resided temporarily in Latin America for political and economic gain. They held all of the important positions, dominated Latin America, and drained the Americas of

What liberal reforms did Benito Juarez bring to Mexico?

Separation between church and state, land distribution to the poor, and an educational system for all of Mexico

In what Mexican state did American settlers revolt in 1835

Texas

What action did the leading nations of Europe (except Britain) favor in Latin America in the early 1820s?

The Concert of Europe (except Britain) favored the use of troops to restore Spanish control in Latin America. They favored using troops to restore Spanish control in Latin America (principle of intervention)

What was the Monroe Doctrine?

The Monroe Doctrine guaranteed the independence of the new Latin American nations and it warned against any European intervention in the Americas In 1823, U.S. president James Monroe guaranteed the independence of the new Latin American nations and warned against any European intervention in the Americas.

What happened in 1903 that enabled the U,S, to build the Panama Canal?

The United States supported a rebellion that enabled Panama to separate itself from Columbia. In return the U.S. was granted a strip of land that was 10 miles wide running from coast to coast in Panama. 22

How did caudillos rule? Who supported them?

They ruled by military force and were supported the landed elites

What events in Europe weakened the authority of the Spaniards and Portuguese in their Latin American empires?

When Napoleon overthrew the monarchies of Spain and Portugal, the authority of the Spaniards and Portuguese in their colonial empires was severely weakened. People used this opportunity to rise up against these European Countries