LEAD #4

Traditionalists are those in the workforce who are identified as being born before ____.

1946

____ is a capability that allows an organization to perform extremely well in comparison to competitors and is the basis of competitive advantage.

A core competence

The United States has a culture where the majority of the population tolerate risk and are relatively comfortable with uncertainty and unpredictability. Which of Hofstede's dimensions of national culture does this describe?

A low-uncertainty avoidance

Which of the following statements regarding culture is true?

A strong, unique culture is recognized as a source of competitive advantage.

Core competencies that have the best chance of sustaining the company's competitive advantage have certain characteristics. Which of the following is not one of those characteristics?

Adequately funded and supported by top management

Which of the following statements concerning an employees' frame of reference is NOT true?

Assumptions are only acted on consciously.

_________ is a values-based concept and describes those with the highest integrity, committed to building enduring organizations.

Authentic leadership

Ultimately, the best gauge to determine an organization's readiness to respond to a crisis is how it rates according to five factors. Which of the following is NOT one of those factors?

Availability of stockpiled resources.

Which of the following is not one of the three generic core strategies leaders can select from?

Average-cost strategy.

____ has a high power-distance culture.

France

You plan to work abroad and want to work in a culture where leaders and followers interact on several levels. Which one of the following countries should you consider?

Germany.

In the future, it is likely that all of the following will increase in number in the workforce EXCEPT:

Caucasian males.

Which of the following is a characteristic of a traditional organization?

Centralized decision making

____________ can only occur when the desired changes in behavior become habitual.

Complete transformation

____ culture represents a leadership belief in strong, mutually reinforcing exchanges and linkages between employees and departments.

Cooperative

_______ is the perceived benefits received to the perceived price paid by the customer.

Customer value

_________ occurs when anticipated or expected changes bear no resemblance to the present or the past.

Discontinuous change

____ is the inclusion of all groups at all levels in an organization.

Diversity

Which of the following statements concerning the economic benefits or value for embracing diversity is NOT true?

Diversity is too costly to sustain in small organizations

Due to advances in communications technologies, all of the following statements concerning an organization's ability to control crisis communications are now true, except for one. Which statement is NOT true?

During a crisis, the company's Facebook page delivers all needed communication to stakeholders.

__________ before, during, and after a change has been implemented will prevent misunderstandings, false rumors, and conflict.

Effective communication

Which of the following is a function of culture?

It helps the organization adapt to the external environment

_______ is (are) the standards of right and wrong that influence behavior, the guidelines for judging conduct and decision making.

Ethics

_________ is the belief that one's own group or subculture is naturally superior to other groups and cultures.

Ethnocentrism

Which of the following is NOT one of the stages in Lewin's classic theory of planned change?

Evaluating the new state

A _______ is an enduring statement of purpose that distinguishes one organization from other similar enterprises.

mission statement

An organization's core purpose and reason for existence is contained in its:

mission statement.

A single person entrusted with the responsibility of acting as the organization's conscience is called a(n) ____.

ombudsperson

A ____ is a printed statement that describes how an organization is responding to a crisis and who is in charge.

press release

For any change to become permanent and accepted into the everyday practices of an organization, the leader must follow through to the final stage of __________ the new change.

refreezing

The strongest sign that management is truly committed to creating a new culture is by:

replacing employees who are unwilling to change with a "new breed" of employees.

Although indispensable for long-term economic growth, organizational changes are frequently met with ____________.

resistance

Leaders who regard ________ as a distraction rather than a real and legitimate concern will find it hard to move beyond the first step of the change management model.

resistance

Strategy evaluation involves all of the following EXCEPT:

rewriting objectives if necessary

SWOT analysis includes all of the following EXCEPT:

senses

A _________ derives from values that express a concern for maintaining personal happiness and living in the present.

short-term orientation

Goal-setting theory asserts that people with ____ goals perform better than those with ____ goals.

specific; vague

According to goal-setting theory, good goals must be all of the following EXCEPT

standard.

One type of obstacle to diversity, the _________ is an assumption, without evidence, that people who are not part of the mainstream culture are inherently interior, less competent at their jobs, and less suitable for leadership positions.

stereotype

A ________ is an ambitious view of the future that everyone in the organization can believe in and that is not readily attainable, yet offers a future that is better in important ways than what now exists.

strategic vision

A _______ is an organization's chosen plan of action for outperforming its competitors and achieving superior outcomes.

strategy

All of the following are strategies that leaders can use to effectively manage change EXCEPT:

take a 'hands-off' approach, at this stage employees know what is expected.

Certain skills, when mastered and used in concert, allow leaders to think strategically and navigate the unknown effectively. These skills include all of the following EXCEPT:

the ability to coerce.

External factors in a firm's strategic environment which have a potential negative impact are called ____.

threats

An attempt to start the changing phase without first __________ old attitudes and behaviors is likely to meet with strong resistance.

unfreezing

A ___________ is the set of beliefs, traits, and behavioral norms that management has determined should guide the pursuit of its vision and mission.

values statement

An employee's disclosure of illegal or unethical practices on the part of the organization is called

whistle blowing.

____ describes a culture that emphasizes assertiveness and a competitive drive for money and material objects.

Masculinity

Which of the following is NOT one of the guidelines for enhancing organizational learning?

Narrow employees' scope of reference.

Which of the following statements concerning traditional organizations is NOT true?

Network systems facilitate communication and exchange

Which of the following statements concerning organizational knowledge is true?

Organizational knowledge is both tacit and explicit knowledge

Which of the following statements concerning leaders encouragement of creative thinking is NOT true?

People who advocate different ideas are looked on as troublesome.

Which of the following is NOT one of the three key principles of crisis leadership?

Play to win and develop a bunker mentality.

Which of the following is a rule for effective crisis communication?

Provide a plan for how the organization will avoid a repeat in the future.

Which of the following is a characteristic of a high-performance culture?

Results oriented

Which of the following actions is a substantive action?

Scrapping policies that impede the new strategy.

A strategy-structure fit is imperative for successful strategy execution but other strategic "fits" can also enhance firm performance. Which of the following is NOT listed by the text as one such "fit"?

Strategy-competitor fit

____ leadership actions are explicit and highly visible and are indicative of management's commitment to new strategic initiatives and the associated cultural changes.

Substantive

_________ are valuable for the signals they send about the kinds of behavior and expectations leaders wish to encourage and promote.

Symbolic actions

Which of the following statements concerning the importance of having a standing crisis response team is NOT true?

The best crisis response team is compiled of objective third-party individuals.

_______ is defined as an invisible barrier that separates women and minorities from top leadership positions

The glass ceiling

A weak culture is likely to exhibit which of the following?

The internal environment is highly politicized.

An aspect of pre-crisis planning is deciding on the appropriate communications strategy when a crisis hits. Which of the following statements concerning crisis communication is NOT true?

The pre-crisis plan is put into action before the actual event of a crisis.

Which of the following is NOT true when developing a crisis plan of action?

The team prepares a structured crisis response evaluation for use after the crisis

_______ is a valuable currency for leaders to have, because it is the foundation upon which the benefits of a proposed change can be sold to employees who may suffer personal losses from such action.

Trust

Key questions requiring top management input and leadership during the strategic management process include all of the following EXCEPT:

What is the federal government's profit margin?

All of the following are questions that often emerge after a crisis EXCEPT:

When did it happen?

Which of the following is NOT one of the three key questions pre-crisis planning addresses?

Who is the first person called in the event of a crisis?

In the event of a crisis, a press kit should include all of the following EXCEPT

a copy of financial records showing current earnings

Though there is no one best organizational culture, the ideal culture is:

a culture that supports the organization's mission and strategy.

Accurate and timely interpretation of environmental trends plays a large part in the continuing effectiveness of an organization's strategy. Some strategic leaders believe it is better to be a pioneer and makes mistakes occasionally than to be _________.

a follower

The best way to mitigate the negative consequences of any crisis is by:

a pre-crisis plan.

In his book, The Fifth Discipline, Peter Senge makes a compelling case that an organization's survival is linked to its:

ability to learn and adapt.

In a(n) ____ culture, management thinking is based on the belief that organizational success is influenced more by events outside the organization than by internal factors.

adaptive

Benchmarking:

allows a company to imitate the best practices of others.

Diversity training is most likely to be successful when it is:

an outgoing or repeated activity.

Foreign-born managers who lead U.S. companies:

are increasing in number

The second step of the force-field model is about the execution of the change. The key is developing new ____________ that are aligned with the proposed change.

attitudes, values, and behaviors

A tool used to measure the effectiveness of executed strategies is the _________ which evaluates the company's financial and strategic objectives.

balance scorecard

All of the following are substantive leadership actions for shaping culture EXCEPT:

being visible and serving as a role model

All of the following are substantive leadership actions for shaping culture EXCEPT:

being visible and serving as a role model.

In planning for a crisis, the leader focuses on five integrated tasks. These five tasks point to the essential competencies of crisis leaders, which include all of the following EXCEPT:

benchmark.

All of the following are characteristics of learning organizations EXCEPT:

centralized decision making.

All of the following are recommendations leaders can employ for minimizing resistance to change, EXCEPT:

coerce holdouts to accept change through rewards and/or punishment.

All of the following are aspects of an authentic leader's personality profile, EXCEPT:

coercive

In planning for a crisis, the leader has to focus on five integrated tasks. These tasks include all of the following EXCEPT:

communicate regular updates on the planning process to all employees

The _________ culture usually has intense rivalries internally and with outside competitors, high performance standards and tough internal reviews, all of which are used to weed out the weak and reward the strong.

competitive

A values statement is also knows as core values, while a mission statement is the organization's:

core purpose.

The strategic management process consists of five key decision areas laid out in five steps; the first step is:

crafting a strategic vision and mission statement.

All of the following are symbolic leadership actions for shaping culture EXCEPT:

creating a strategy-culture fit

An essential challenge of a new culture implantation is to smoothly and quickly incorporate new behaviors into one's cultural orientation, also known as:

cultural retooling.

Diversity initiatives that succeed in the short- and long-term are those that have a tangible impact on all of the following, EXCEPT:

cultural value.

All of the following are characteristics of traditional organizations EXCEPT:

decentralized decision making

All of the following are factors that support and sustain a pro-diversity culture, EXCEPT:

disclosure mechanisms.

All of the following are tools available for leaders who want to create and foster an ethical work environment, EXCEPT:

diversity training

More organizations are competing for talent and customers in a tight labor market, and they recognize that demographic shifts are going to:

dramatically change their marketplace over the next 20 years.

From a humanistic point of view, resistance to change has a cognitive, emotional and behavioral dimension. The fear of loss, (such as status, pay, job, or position), and fear of the unknown are examples of the ____ dimension.

emotional

Which of the following is an internal source of organizational learning?

employees

All of the following are benefits of having a crisis plan in place before an actual crisis happens, EXCEPT:

ensures there is a plan for that specific crisis.

Strategy ____ has been described as the most important and most difficult part of the strategic management process.

execuation

Explicit or formal knowledge is:

expressed in a system of rules.

Some of the most important inventions or scientific breakthroughs resulted from investigating:

failed outcomes.

A national culture that values personal relationships and a high quality of life is described by Hofstede as:

feminine.

In learning organizations:

few strict rules and procedures prescribe how things are done.

Companies are now selling environmentally friendly products, like Toyota's line of hybrid cars. This is an example of:

green marketing

During the first step of the crisis risk assessment model the team brainstorms "what-if" scenarios that focus on:

identifying realistic incidents under various crisis situations

Tacit knowledge is acquired from

intuition based on experience

The encouragement of systems thinking:

is a task of leaders who seek to enhance organizational learning

All of the following are reasons organizations must embrace diversity, EXCEPT:

it enhances short-term orientation.

In a high power-distance culture:

leaders and their followers rarely interact as equals.

Strategic ____ is the process of providing the direction and inspiration necessary to create and implement a firm's vision, mission, and strategies to achieve organizational objectives.

leadership

A ____ organization is one that is skilled at creating, acquiring, and transferring knowledge, and at modifying behavior to reflect new knowledge and insights.

learning

Insular thinking is an attribute of a(n) ____ culture.

low-performance

Strategic ____ is the set of decisions and actions used to formulate and implement specific strategies that will achieve a competitively superior fit between the organization and its environment, so as to achieve organizational goals.

management

Within _________ of becoming aware that a crisis situation may exist, company officials must be prepared to issue an initial statement to the media and other key stakeholders.

minutes