Leadership Mid Term, Leadership Week 6 and 7, Leadership Week 5

Fundamental attribution error is the tendency to assign the cause for other's actions to the situation they are in.

False

Fundamental attribution error is the tendency to assign the causes of our own actions to our disposition.

False

Getting people to want to do something different needs to accentuate the negative.

False

Greenleaf's perspective on ethical leadership focuses on moral development of the follower.

False

Guiding implementation is the same for managing and leading.

False

Heifetz recommends developing one particular kind of close relationship, a confidant, with whom one can collaborate and provide mutual support.

False

Hitler was an authentic leader.

False

Identification with the leader and identification with the shared vision are mutually exclusive.

False

In the 2000 debate, Bush showed incongruent body language, according to the text.

False

In today's chaotic environment, authentic leaders must be a skilled "crisis manager".

False

In today's competitive environment, it is essential for all organizations to be lean and mean.

False

Indirect narrative operates on the principle of listeners projecting themselves into the story.

False

Indirect narrative works best when it is detailed.

False

Influence and persuasion differentiate leadership from management.

False

Influence is analogous to leadership.

False

Inherent worth, higher purpose and common good are examples of instrumental value.

False

Leaders are born, not made.

False

Leaders can use confirmation bias to help influence change.

False

Leaders often overestimate what they are asking people to do when they propose basic change.

False

Leadership is a process; management is not.

False

Men are more likely to see power as a source of energy.

False

Men are shown to be more likely to equate means and ends than women.

False

Most people find it difficult to pursue an activity with sustained gusto unless they are pursuing it for its instrumental value.

False

Narrative intelligence in telling a story may include providing detail at the start.

False

One form of guidance used by authentic leaders is systematic thinking.

False

Power-wielders use manipulation to achieve a higher purpose.

False

PowerPoint causes boring presentations.

False

Research has found that it is more difficult to get people to focus on a different issue than to change their minds.

False

Research is clear as to the value of charisma in the leadership process.

False

Risk of failure is not an option.

False

Spirituality is an understanding or worldview based upon the direct, unmediated experience of everyday reality.

False

Studies of transformational leadership show significant differences between cultures.

False

Sustained enthusiasm is all about "Big Hairy Audacious Goals."

False

Sustained enthusiasm requires instrumental benefits.

False

The "gift economy" refers to the materialism in our consumer economy.

False

The Law of Requisite Variety says that the element with the least range of variability will be the controlling element.

False

The antidote to the problem of charisma is high quality exchanges.

False

The automatic vigilance mechanism directs attention to desirable stimuli.

False

The centrality of ethics to leadership refers to the teleological theory of ethics.

False

The ethical theory the most closely aligns with authentic leading is utilitarianism.

False

The expression "the cows just don't stay milked" refers to the need to continuously find new options.

False

The most important communication skill for a leader is public speaking ability.

False

The motto of Rotary is "service to others."

False

The post-conventional level of moral development focuses on "we."

False

The springboard story invites the listener to recall a "common memory" story.

False

There is an inherent tension between worthwhile activities and good leadership.

False

There is no need to practice presentations.

False

To "encourage the heart" means to motivate followers to achieve excellence.

False

To "model the way" one must be clear about the values of followers.

False

To get attention by issuing a challenge, it is important to make up a good story.

False

Trait theories are effective at predicting potential great leaders.

False

Transformational leaders stimulate people on instrumental, legal grounds.

False

Transformational leadership is often found in politics.

False

Transforming leadership involves transforming an organization.

False

Unskilled leaders are more likely to use dialogue to build relationships.

False

Using an object to get attention is more effective than a story about the object.

False

Volunteering helps one learn to lead because of the formal authority one can fall back on.

False

When doing an organizational climate survey, the key is to reflect on the results.

False

Winners of the Baldrige Award have noted that the hardest part of the process of leading was effective communication.

False

Gandhi described two kinds of power. Which of the following is correct?

Fear of punishment and acts of love

Chimpanzees engage in similar group politics to humans including all of the following but:

Finesse.

When communicating with a CEO, followers can best adjust the communication in the following way:

For a skeptic, use someone they trust.

"Inner congruence and a view of interrelatedness, interconnectedness, and interdependence and may include a transcendent world view" is the definition of:

Inner synchronicity

In one national study informal leaders were found to rate significantly higher on all of the following except:

Inner synchronicity.

Getting other people to change their minds does not involve which of the following?

Inspiration

Which of the following is both a major leadership trait and a character trait of authentic leaders?

Intelligence

To reinforce the message with reasons, Denning recommends all of the following except:

Make it personal.

To stimulate desire Denning recommends:

Make room for it to become their idea.

In an emotional bank account, which action represent a withdrawal?

Manipulating

Transactional leadership involves an exchange of any of the following in nature except:

Philosophical

To understand the audience's story, leaders need to do all of the following except:

Point out the underlying validity of others' views.

Which is not one of the key elements of servant-leadership described by Larry Spears?

Practicing a stewardship of holding their institutions in trust for the benefit of those in need.

The behaviors of outstanding leaders in the Globe Study included all of the following but:

Protective leadership.

Authentic leaders prefer charisma of ___ over charisma of ___.

Purpose, person.

Northouse suggests all of the following ways to help break the glass ceiling except:

Reframe asking into negotiation.

Which of the following is not one of the levels of spirituality in the model adapted from Ken Wilber?

Religious

To get an audience's attention, one should use one or more of the following except:

Something memorable

All of the following were identified by Paul Gibbons as a claim regarding spirituality at work except:

Spirituality at work will positively affect profitability through allowing the display of religious objects.

Which of the following is not a characteristic of spirituality at work identified by Mitroff and Denton?

Spirituality is related to well-being.

The zone of acceptance for change is characterized by all of the following but:

Stakeholder accountability.

Generally effective tools for getting attention include all of the following except:

Strike a metaphor

Gandhi once said, "My life is my message." This is best described as an example of:

Symbolic Leadership

Nonverbal communication was emphasized in the text in the context of:

Symbolic actions.

There are three modes of thinking discussed in the text. Which of the following is not one of them?

Symbolic thinking.

In Henry V, Shakespeare crafted a famous speech in which Henry exhorts his soldiers into battle. Which method of stimulating desire is being used?

Tell the story of who we are.

The origin of the concept of spirituality was:

The Jewish tradition.

According to Alphie Kohn in "Punished by Rewards," hundreds of studies show that extrinsic rewards can produce short term results.

True

According to Bandler and Grinder, one effective approach to communication is assessing the response that you get; and if you are not getting what you want, change what you are doing.

True

According to EI, effective relationships includes influencing and persuading others to higher levels of collaboration.

True

According to House, charismatic leaders have a strong need for power.

True

According to Yukl, charisma is not a characteristic of leaders, but an attribution made by followers.

True

According to Zaleznick, managers have a more impersonal commitment to goals whereas leaders seek opportunities for change.

True

According to one authority, spirituality is one of the most important determinants of organizational performance.

True

According to the Howard Gardner video, for the most part leaders are not born with something going for them.

True

According to the text, formal leaders tend to become paralyzed by advocacy by continually trying to protect and develop their own program, employees, or turf.

True

According to the text, learning to lead is a personal practice, much like law, medicine, or accounting.

True

According to the text, nothing demoralizes followers faster than unrealistic expectations coupled with inadequate resources.

True

According to the text, the power of an authentic leader comes from surrendering to congruence of thought and word and deed.

True

All forms of communication directed toward action are effective to the extent that they generate a new story in the mind of the listener.

True

Although most employees and managers perceive compensation as a motivator, they respond to it as a demotivator.

True

An authentic leader is more likely to rely on the charisma of purpose.

True

An example of an unclear, uninspiring goal given in the text is too many program proposals.

True

An important foundation of leadership is commitment of body, mind, and soul to make the goal happen.

True

An unexpected metaphor can forcefully grab our attention.

True

Attention is conscious, focused and intense.

True

Authentic leaders are more likely to use intrinsic forms of reward.

True

Authentic leaders ask tough questions in order to focus attention.

True

Authentic leaders behave more like informal leaders than like formal leaders.

True

Authentic leaders create dissatisfaction with the status quo.

True

Authentic leaders exhibit an inner synchronicity.

True

Authentic leaders get power by giving it away.

True

Authentic leaders have been characterized as having "unwarranted optimism."

True

Authentic leaders hold a contrarian view of power, i.e., power is contrary to authentic leading.

True

Authentic leaders like to have fun.

True

Authentic leaders may also be a CEO.

True

Authentic leaders orchestrate civil conflict.

True

Authentic leaders seek to create a sense of community by making the organization "the place to be."

True

Authentic leaders teach others moral reasoning and principled judgment.

True

Authentic leading provides meaning and purpose.

True

Body language is more important than the spoken word.

True

Burning platform stories are excellent for getting attention.

True

Burns referred to charisma as the "gee whiz" aspect of leadership.

True

Charisma is an attribution.

True

Charismatics lack any particular physical characteristics that make them charismatic.

True

Collaborative situations require truthfulness and integrity because it is necessary for trust and credibility.

True

Confirmation bias is the tendency to find ways to support an adopted opinion, regardless of the evidence against it.

True

Contrary to the popular view, Level 5 leaders are extremely humble.

True

Defining the problem, analyzing the problem, and recommending solutions does not work to get people to change.

True

Ethics is concerned with the kinds of values and morals an individual or society finds desirable or appropriate.

True

Even authentic leaders engage in transactional leadership processes.

True

Everything a leader does becomes a form of teaching due to the symbolic interpretation of their actions.

True

For a leader, all actions are symbolic actions.

True

For listeners to own the change idea, they have to create their own story.

True

Greenleaf's perspective on ethical leadership focuses on caring and nurturing of followers.

True

Heifetz's perspective on ethical leadership deals with values.

True

Honesty and integrity are important for telling stories.

True

If we want to change the way people act, we need to change the stories people see themselves living.

True

In complex systems, what is "real" is a relative perception.

True

In the 2000 election, Al Gore came prepared with stories because he knew stories would connect with the audience.

True

Indirect narrative sparks a new story in the mind of the listener about a similar issue.

True

Informal leaders are much like emergent leaders.

True

Informal leadership may occur when one is a formal leader.

True

It takes considerable self-confidence to give power away.

True

Leaders need to appeal to the heart and mind.

True

Leaders need to have a goal to which they are totally committed.

True

Leaders value trust more than almost any other organizational characteristic.

True

Leadership involves manipulation.

True

Listeners create a more compelling story than leaders.

True

Narrative intelligence is the ability to think in stories about the world.

True

Negative messages are more attention-getting than positive ones.

True

One cause of perceived lack of total commitment for change can be one's public persona.

True

One of the best ways to learn to lead is by volunteering.

True

One of the common failings of leadership is having too many goals.

True

One of the critically important factors to authentic leading is your personal commitment to the vision.

True

One of the criticisms of authentic leading is that it is too idealized.

True

One of the key reasons that leaders engage in reflective thinking is to enhance awareness of the interdependent nature of everything.

True

One way to get attention is to tell a story showing that the audience's problems are serious.

True

Power-wielding tends to overpower authentic leading in the political environment.

True

Recalling a common memory is most effective for getting attention.

True

Religion is a system of beliefs regarding a greater reality than we can perceive with our five senses.

True

Research shows that the differences between men and women in leadership are less predominant than the similarities.

True

Research shows that the lack of religious involvement has an effect on mortality equivalent to 40 years of smoking one pack of cigarettes a day.

True

Self-regulation means to accept responsibility for choosing your own emotional responses.

True

Shared vision is the touchstone of leadership.

True

Since everything we see, hear, smell, taste, touch, or think is mediated by the brain, spiritual experience may also be just an experience of the brain.

True

Social identity theory shows the importance of the relationship of the leader to the group.

True

Solving problems with government programs is an example of misreading the audience by Gore in 2000.

True

Spiritual power as defined in the text is about inner synchronicity or congruence, not religion.

True

Style is as important as content.

True

The Globe Study found significant differences in beliefs about outstanding leadership.

True

The Italian Renaissance proponent of power-wielding, Machiavelli, argued that it is easier to maintain a position of power when one achieves it through support of the common people.

True

The body language of a leader must be congruent with the intended message.

True

The leader is a symbol of the organization.

True

The most effective stories for change involve transportation of the listener into a different world.

True

The most important rule for body language is direct eye contact.

True

The principle challenge of leadership is to inspire staff to pursue new goals energetically and enthusiastically.

True

The psychic energy of the speaker embodies the idea.

True

The traditional approach to communication often makes the situation worse.

True

To "challenge the process" means to search for opportunities for innovation.

True

To "enable others to act" means to build trust and share power.

True

To "inspire a shared vision" requires involving others in a common vision by appealing to shared aspirations.

True

To stimulate desire for change, the ending of the springboard story must be happy and credible.

True

Transformational leaders must tell the truth to inspire enduring enthusiasm for change.

True

Transformational leadership involves engendering enthusiasm for a cause.

True

Transformational leadership is most closely aligned with stewardship theory.

True

Transforming leadership transforms both the leader and the follower.

True

When listening, leaders must be willing to be influenced.

True

When narrative is working at its best, fifty different listeners will craft fifty different action plans.

True

When one person in a group is openly skeptical, it can create a license for others to be likewise.

True

Wise leaders follow.

True

Women have been shown to be substantially more effective than men in middle management positions.

True

Women tend to show somewhat higher levels of integrity than men.

True

Written stories are generally insufficient to inspire skeptical audiences.

True

Written stories can be effective.

True

The Satyam study identified 7 leader behaviors for success working outside ones country of origin. Which of the following is not one of them?

Use influence.

To continue the conversation, Denning recommends:

Use the model of an interesting dinner party.

Which of the following is not one of the leader intelligences according to the Howard Gardner video?

Visionary

Narrative intelligence works because the following except:

We are emotional about stories.

We are subject to confirmation bias when:

We have made a decision to explore change.

Which of the following is not true about confirmation bias?

fMRI brain scans show parts of the brain associated with reasoning show signs of activity.

Authentic leaders are most likely to make decisions using:

Consensus

To elicit desire, a story needs all of the following except:

A strong pretentiousness.

According to John Gardner, all of the following are tasks of leadership except:

Achieving Change

MacGregor's Theory X is most like:

Agency Theory

Where does the shared vision come from?

Any of the other three.

Research shows that the least effective means of persuasion is:

Appeals to reason.

According to the text, major innovators are usually CEOs who become evangelists for change

False

Active listening involves listening with both the head and gut.

False

Agency theory is most closely aligned with Theory Y.

False

All authentic leaders are charismatic.

False

Authentic leaders are cautious about talking about mistakes.

False

Authentic leaders are formal leaders.

False

Authentic leaders do not use power to lead.

False

Authentic truth means that it is factually accurate.

False

Awareness of your own emotional stress is the foundation of all Emotional Intelligence skills.

False

Baldrige Award winners have said that the hardest part of leading was to empower and still hold control.

False

Because women respond better to pictures and men to words, it is good to use both words and images.

False

CEOs are the most likely to become evangelists for change in order to stimulate innovation.

False

Character includes two parts: fundamental principles (or truths) and self-confidence.

False

Communication is more logical than emotional.

False

Community is a form of organization.

False

Competitive situations require some degree of nondisclosure or deception.

False

Confirmation bias helps explain why trying to convince a skeptical audience with reasons is a good idea.

False

Direct narrative will often be the easiest and most productive route to simulate desire for change.

False

Emotional reciprocity is used to control conflict.

False

Flow comes from activities that are a challenge in themselves.

False

Followers today understand and expect leaders to use command-and-control methods to get the job done.

False

Following the text, one could assert that after graduation, one no longer needs to learn about leading.

False

Formal leadership is defined by the use of legitimate power and authority.

False

Which of the following best represents the process of leadership (when compared to the process of management)?

A process of persuasion or example

According to research done at Stanford University, which of the following is most effective?

A story

How long should shared visions be, according to the text?

20 years or more.

Which best describes Stewardship Theory?

A high level of commitment to the organization and personal forms of power

Transformational leaders are meant to do all of the following except (according to the text):

Be charismatic.

If an organization needs to be shaken loose, the authentic leader will first:

Become a teacher to make followers uncomfortable with the status quo.

Which theory(ies) best represents leadership as issues of people and task?

Behavioral theories

Being visionary is not enough. Why?

Being visionary does not ensure that the vision will be achieved.

Which of the following is not a situational theory of leadership?

Blake and Mouton's Leadership Grid.

Sources of intrinsic motivation include all but:

Bonuses

The phrase that best captures the body language of effective leaders is:

Calm assertiveness.

Which of the following is not one of Maslow's "being values"?

Caring p13

Which is not one of the 5 principles of ethical leadership described in the supplemental reading?

Caring.

Among Deming's fourteen points regarding quality are the following except for:

Cease dependence on pride of workmanship.

The foundation of authentic leading is:

Character

According to the Howard Gardner video, the four types of leaders do not include:

Charismatics

The qualities of a shared vision, according to Nanus, include all of the following except:

Clarifying the benefits of the proposed change.

Edgar Schein has said that the only important thing that leaders do is:

Construct culture.

Which of the following is an example of telling the story of the firm?

Costco stories of commitment to low cost and high quality.

The downside of charisma is best characterized as:

Dependence

The overarching values among authentic leaders do not include:

Determination

According to the text, political leaders need to do all of the following except:

Develop dyadic relationships.

According to Nanus, a compelling vision does all of the following except:

Elevate levels of motivation and morality within your organization.

People change their minds in three ways. Which of the following is not one of them?

Emotional experience of learning.

Nanus suggests all of the following for creating a compelling shared vision except:

Encourage inputs from those in key roles and positions of influence.

The right vision affects organizational change in all of the following ways except:

Ensuring that the blue sky hits the road.

The following are characteristics of activities that generate sustained enthusiasm except:

External effects are irrelevant.

Which of the following is not one of the ineffective methods for stimulating desire?

Externalize the obstacles to change.

Level 5 leaders are characterized by:

Extreme humility. p109

"If you say three things, you've said nothing" is an example of lack of total commitment.

False

A compelling vision engages both the heart and the hands.

False

According to Glasser, the best way to learn is through discussion.

False

According to Halpern and Lubar, cited by Denning, "presence" refers to the ability to energize others.

False

According to Kotter, leadership research fails to adequately differentiate leadership from management.

False

According to the Globe Study, the most universal portrait of an exceptional leader is one with high integrity, charismatic/values-based, and strong team skills.

False

According to the Howard Gardner video, leaders are likely to show evidence of an unusual childhood.

False

Who is the source of this statement? "Power is of two kinds. One is obtained by the fear of punishment and the other by acts of love."

Gandhi

Successful leaders communicate in the following order:

Get attention, stimulate desire, reinforce with reasons, continue the conversation.

Empowerment means:

Giving power away.

Among the practices to facilitate reflective thinking identified in the text are all of the following but:

Going to Disneyland.

Authentic leading involves all of the following except:

Great Man theory P19,28

Which of the following is not reflective of empowerment as described in "Flight of the Buffalo."

Helping do the job

The principles of persuasion include which of the following?

Indirect methods are more likely to be effective than direct methods.

Informal leaders can be used as role models to better understand the practices of formal leadership because of the following, except:

Informal leaders must rely on high standards of excellence.

Emergent leadership is more likely to be found among:

Informal leaders.

Which is not one of the steps toward exerting influence as a leader described by Burns?

Initiate an exchange of economic, political, or psychological value.

Which is not one of the enabling conditions of effective communication?

Knowing the leader's own story.

Narrative intelligence includes all of the following except:

Knowing the narrative terms that analytical reasoning tends to perceive as credible.

Research has shown that among the barriers to high performance teams are all but:

Lack of a collaborative climate

A general manager's conversations with others are:

Largely personal

Transformational leadership is least closely aligned with:

Legitimate authority

Personal power includes all of the following except:

Legitimate power

Among the following methods of effective communication, the authentic leader emphasizes ___ the most.

Listening

Authentic leaders best communicate organizational values by all of the following except:

Listening

The statement that all power tends to corrupt was made by

Lord Acton

The principles of political leadership described in the text were similar to principles developed by:

Machiavelli

Which is not an example of one of the mistakes made by leaders?

Misunderstanding the need for change

Which of the following is not one of the forms of power articulated by French and Raven?

Moral Power

Exaggeration is an example of:

Not telling the truth.

Transactional leadership occurs when

One person contacts others for the purpose of an exchange of valued things.

Among the values listed in the text as characteristic of organizations with authentic leaders are all of the following except:

Openness

The dimensions included in the Globe Study include all of the following but:

Out-group collectivism.

Decision making under authentic leadership is generally:

Participatory.

Which of the following is most effective?

Personal notes

The servant leader is characterized by all of the following except:

Persuasion over judgment.

Which of the following is not one of the dimensions that underlie trust?

Respect

Heifetz notes that informal authority is earned through:

Respect, admiration, and trust.

Social capitalism means

Responsibility for social, environmental, and economic benefits at local levels throughout the world to achieve the firm's economic goals in the future.

According to Robbins, the dimensions that underlie trust include all of the following except:

Self-confidence

Which of the following is not one of the major components of the model of Emotional Intelligence?

Self-confidence

Narcissists are most likely to focus on:

Self-interest

Organizational culture deals with:

Shared values, beliefs and behaviors.

Trust-building behaviors include all of the following except:

Sharing something of value later on

The text describes various ways to help learn to lead. This includes all of the following except:

Show charisma.

Systemic thinking involves a discipline for all of the following except:

Simplifying complexity.

Emergent leadership refers to:

The emergence of leaders from their commitment to service first.

Intuition is subject to a number of biases including all of the following except:

The incentive treadmill.

A key element of transformational leadership as developed by Burns that was eliminated, then later reinstated by Bass was:

The moral component.

According to the text, the one factor that stands out among a number of contributing factors toward a successful visioning and strategic planning process is:

The visible action of the leader.

According to Howard Gardner's video, there is one clear mark of the exceptional leader. It is:

Time alone or time away for reflection.

One key purpose for communication by an authentic leader is:

To focus attention.

Among the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award categories are all of the following except:

Total Quality Management

LMX theory says that leaders should:

Treat all followers as if they are part of the ingroup.

A brief, moving story about handling adversity in your life can get attention.

True

A clear and inspiring goal engages the head and the heart.

True

According to "Flight of the Buffalo," the biggest challenge is getting the head buffalo to stop being the head buffalo.

True

The key reasons for attempting to explain the glass ceiling described in the text include all but:

Women are less effective at communication.

The Satyam study of global leaders identified a list of 10 role model values. Which one is not also one identified in the text with authentic leaders?

Work/life balance.

All of the following except ___ are principles to get attention.

attention is engaged by what is positive

Highly effective teams share all but which of the following characteristics?

uniform commitment.