Leadership Review: Chapter 9, 10 & 12

To be a model of team play as a leader, you need the attitudes of team player.

1) using a consensus leadership style - contributing to important decisions helps team members feel that they are valuable to the team. Also leads to an exchange of ideas within a group.

What advice is given on negotiating?

1. Listen first to investigate what the other side wants - begin by soliciting the other person's or group's point of view.

What are the models of teamwork?

1. Positive model of team play - is to reveal important information about ideas and attitudes relevant to the group's work. Self-disclosure is an element of leader transparency.

What is a barrier buster? to perform at anywhere near top capacity, individuals may need help removing obstacles such as a maze of rules and regulations and rigid budgeting.

An important role for the leader is to be a barrier buster. A leader is often in a better position to gain approval from higher-level manager, find money from another budget line, expedite a purchase order, or authorize hiring a temporary worker.

What are internal motivators?

Appealing to Pride - Being proud of what you accomplish is more of an internal or intrinsic motivator. Giving workers an opportunity to experience pride can therefore be a strong internal motivator yet they simultaneously receive recognition.

Beginning each coaching session with a question helps set the stage for active listening. Part of being a good listener is encouraging the person being coached to talk about his or her performance.

Asking open-ended questions facilitates a flow of conversation.

Do not be diverted by style, accent, grammar, or personal appearance.

Avoid racial or ethnic identification except when it is essential to communication.

What is micromanagement? 2

Avoiding micromanagement is a core ingredient of employee empowerment because empowered workers are given considerable latitude to manager their own activities.

How can you increase the effectiveness of a virtual team? 3

Establish and maintain trust through the use of communication technology. A major hurdle in working with a virtual team is deciding on what information gets communicated and to whom. A norm might be established that restricts members from conveying negative information to anyone outside the team.

What are the key aspects of open-book management?

Every employee is trained, empowered and motivated to understand and pursue the company's business goals.

What is the role of an executive/coach? is a one-on-one development process formally contracted between a coach a management-level client to help achieve goals related to professional development and or business performance.

Executive coaches help managers become more effective leaders by helping them in a variety of ways.

Basic Components: C)

Expectancy - an individual's assessment of the probability that effort will lead to correct performance of the task. Effort-to-performance expectancy. The importance of having high expectancies for motivation meshes well with the contribution of self-efficacy.

How does it relate to teamwork? 2

Explicitly state the desirability of teamwork on a regular basis both orally and in writing

What are external motivators?

External motivators or extrinsic such as receiving gifts.

1. Equity theory has several direct implications for the leader who is attempting to motivate subordinates

First, no matter how well designed a program of productivity or cost-cutting might be, it must still provide equitable pay. The negative perceptions of workers might lead to less effort to accomplish the goal of management.

Describe a group with high emotional intelligence 3

Group efficacy, or feeling competent to complete the group task, also contributes to emotional intelligence.

What is making the rounds - refers to the leader casually dropping by constituents to listen to their accomplishments, concerns and problems and to share information.

How is it used? A leader who makes the rounds can often enhance morale, particularly when the organization is going through difficult period.

What is learning goal orientation?

Improves performance more than a performance goal orientation does. A person with a learning or mastery goal orientation wants to develop competence by acquiring new skills and mastering new situation. In contrast, the person with a performance goal orientation wants to demonstrate and validate his or her competence by seeking favorable judgments and avoiding negative judgments.

What is off site training?

Outdoor training. A form of learning by doing. Participants are supposed to acquire leadership and teamwork skills by confronting physical challenges and exceeding their self-imposed limitations.

How does negotiation differ between countries?

Overcoming cross-cultural communication barriers.

How is offsite training beneficial?

Program participants are placed in a demanding outdoor environment, where they rely on skills they did not realize they had and on one another to complete the program. The emphasis is on building not only teamwork but also self-confidence for leadership. It enhances teamwork by helping participants examine the process of getting thing done through working with people.

How is recognition an effective motivator?

Recognition is a strong motivator because it is a normal human need. Motivating others by giving them recognition and praise is considered a direct application of positive reinforcement, that is, reinforcing the right behavior by giving a reward. People who are proud of their work want to be recognized for their good deed.

To appeal to the recognition need of others, identify a meritorious behavior and then recognize that behavior with an oral, written, or material rewarded.

Recognition thus has an enormous return on investment in comparison to a cash bonus.

How can you increase the effectiveness of a virtual team? 10

Recognize and reward above-average individual and team performance. The rewards given to virtual teams should be linked to individual and team goals and they should be rewarded frequently.

2. Equity theory has several direct implications for the leader who is attempting to motivate subordinates

Second, the leader should attempt to see that subordinates perceive themselves to be getting a fair deal in terms of what they are giving to and receiving from the company.

Helping the leader achieve a better balance between work and family life.

Serving as a trusted confidante to discuss issues the leader might feel uncomfortable talking about with others

What are its flaws?

Some participants find it repellent. Not every worker wants to play games, climb rocks, or prepare a gourmet meal with coworkers after hours.

Giving advice about career management, such as developing a career path.

Strengthening the executive's strategic decision-making skills by helping him or her think more broadly about issues and appreciate how his or her actions will affect the organizational system.

What is micromanagement?

The close monitoring of most aspects of group member activities.

Assisting an executive selecting direct reports by looking for compatibility between the candidate and the executive as well as receiving other qualifications.

The coach works as an adviser about behavior but does not explicitly held the leader with functional details of the job.

What is self-efficacy?

The confidence in your ability to carry out a specific task.

responsibility and trust in exchange for their loyalty and performance.

The in-group becomes part of a smoothly functioning team headed by the formal leader.

Describe a group with high emotional intelligence

The leader contributes to the group's emotional intelligence by creating norms that establish mutual trust among members.

What is e-leadership? 2

The leadership focus shifts from individuals to networks of relationships because the Internet facilitates connecting so many people.

The leaders is often overloaded with responsibilities, including analytical work, that it is difficult to take the time to carefully listen to subordinates.

The speed difference between speaking and listening. Organizational leaders are often bombarded with demands and information that it is difficult to be attentive to a full range of problems.

Out-group members are managed according to the requirements of their employment contract.

They receive little warmth, inspiration or encouragement.

How should feedback in coaching be used?

To help subordinates grow and develop, the leader as coach should give subordinates the sources they need to make their own decisions. The people being coached should be challenged to find the right solution, and then should be provided feedback on how well they have performed.

How can you increase the effectiveness of a virtual team? 9

To maintain a high touch environment, conduct one of two face-to-face meetings per year. Virtual teams that invest in one or two face-to-face meeting annually tend to perform better than those who skip such meetings.

Basic Components: A)

Valence - the worth or attractiveness of an outcome. An outcome is anything that might stem from performance, such as a reward.

How can you increase the effectiveness of a virtual team? 1

When building a virtual team, solicit volunteer when feasible. A team of volunteers has an elite status that contributes to team spirit. It is helpful for the virtual team to include members who already know each other.

The user of win-win approaches is genuinely concerned about arriving at a settlement that meets the needs of both parties or does not badly damage the welfare of the other side.

When collaborative approaches to resolving a conflict are used, the relationship among the parties are built on and improved.

Leader Status

When group members perceive leaders to have high status, it is easier for the leader to form the type of high-quality relationship that contribute to good teamwork. The leader s have higher quality exchanges with their subordinates.

How does it relate to teamwork? 4

Work with the group to establish a code of conduct that everyone agrees to follow

How do you use technology to enhance teamwork?

Workers can collaborate better when they use information technology that fosters collaboration, often referred to as groupware. Exchanging e-mail messages and instant messages can facilitate cooperation. Social networking might be regarded as the most far-reaching technology for enhancing teamwork because so many workers can exchange information with each other and thereby collaborate more extensively. Also, when groups of people can readily see what information others are exchanging, a spirit of cooperation might develop.

What are front-loaded messages? those placed at the beginning of a sentence are particularly important for leaders because people expect leaders to be forceful communicators. Active Voice.

Writing in addition to speaking is more persuasive when the key ideas are placed at the beginning of a conversation, email message, paragraph or sentence.

How does it relate to teamwork? 3

Communicate the norm of teamwork by frequently using words and phrases that support the teamwork.

How do you employ a consensus leadership style?

Contributing to important decisions helps group members feel that they are valuable to them. Consensus decision making also leads to an exchange of ideas within a group, with group members supporting and refining each other's suggestions.

Helping corporate stars attain peak performance. Held the leader uncover personal assets and strengths he or she may not know existed.

Counseling the leader about weaknesses that could interfere with effectiveness, such as being to hostile and impatient. Solicit feedback by interviewing coworkers and subordinates.

How does it relate to teamwork?

Deals with the relationship between a leader and a team member.

What is the equity theory?

Employee satisfaction and motivation depend on how fairly the employees believe they are treated in comparison to peers. The theory contends that employees hold certain beliefs about the outcomes they receive from their jobs, as well as the inputs they invest to obtain outcomes.

How does it relate to teamwork?

Encourage team members to treat one another as if they were customers, thus fostering cooperative behavior and politeness.

How can you increase the effectiveness of a virtual team? 4

Ensure that diversity in the team is understood, appreciated and leveraged. Diversity within the team can take many forms, such as experiences, skills, and interests. Leaders frequently develop an expertise directory when the team first forms.

How can you increase the effectiveness of a virtual team? 8

Ensure that individuals benefit from participating in virtual teams. They need personal benefits to experience team spirit. One approach is to have virtual reward ceremonies.

How can you increase the effectiveness of a virtual team? 2

Ensure that the task is meaningful to the team and the company. Team members working on a relevant task are more likely to be spirited and co-operative.

When the situation is appropriate, speak in the language of the people from another culture.

Observe cross-cultural differences in etiquette.

What is e-leadership? 3

. It could encompass any activity undertaken by a leader when the Internet connects people.

Linguistic styles

1) downplaying uncertainty; 2) emphasizing direct rather than indirect talks, and 3) choosing an effective communication frame.

In contrast, the out-group employees are treated in accordance with a more formal understanding of leader-group member relations.

Out-group members are less likely to experience good team work.

2) Establishing Urgency, Demanding Performance Standards and Providing Direction - team members need to believe that the team has urgent, constructive purposes.

3)Encouraging competition with another group - rallying the support of the group against a real or imagined threat from outside.

2. Interacting extensively with team members - it illustrates the mechanism by which team development takes place-frequent informal communication.

3. Emphasize that he or she is a team member. 4. Share power with group members because a good team player avoids hogging power and making all of the decisions.

2. Begin with a plausible demand or offer - a plausible demand is better because it reflects good-faith bargaining. It will receive more sympathy than an implausible one.

3. focus on interests, not position - one should keep overall interest in mind and try to satisfy them. the true object of negotiation is to satisfy the underlying interest of both sides.

What are the six basic principles of persuasion? 1. Liking: People like those who like them. 2. Reciprocity: People repay in kind. 3. Social proof: People follow the lead of similar others.

4. Consistency: People align with their clear commitments. 5. Authority: People defer to experts. 6. Scarcity: People want more of what they can have less of.

4) Encouraging the use of jargon - is a specialized language that fosters cohesion and commitment

5) Minimizing Micromanagement 6) Practicing E-Leadership for Virtual Teams

Suggestions for inspirational and powerful speaking and writing include the following: 1) be credible, 2) gear your message to your listener, 3) sell group members on the benefits of your suggestions, 4) use heavy-impact and emotion-provoking words;

5) use anecdotes to communicate meaning; 6) back up conclusions with data; 7) minimize language errors, junk words, and vocalized pauses; 8) use business jargon in appropriate doses; 9) write crisp, clear memos, letters, and reports, including a front-loaded message.

What is SWOT Analysis? How do you conduct a SWOT Analysis? Strengths, Weakness, Opportunities, Threats.0

A method of considering internal strengths and weaknesses as well as external opportunities and threats in a particular situation. Represents an effort to examine the interaction between the particular characteristics of your organization, organizational unit and the external environment.

4. Be sensitive to international differences in negotiating style - a challenge facing the multicultural leader is how to negotiate successfully with people from other cultures.

A problem with this type of frankness and seeming impatience is that people from other cultures may interpret such remarks as rudeness. The adverse interpretation may lead to a failed negotiation.

The core of equity theory is that employees compare their inputs and outcomes, making social comparisons, with others in the workplace. If employees believe that they receive equitable outcomes in relation to their inputs, they are generally satisfied and motivated. When workers believe that they are being treated equitably, they are more willing to work hard.

According to the equity theory, the highest level of motivation occurs when a person has ratios equal to those of the comparison person.

When people perceive an inequity, they are likely to engage in one or more of the three of the following actions that lead to negative outcome to the employer.

Alter the outcome - ask for more salary of bonus, promotional opportunities or vacations time. Some might steal to obtain the money they feel they deserve.

teamwork

work done with an understanding and commitment to group goals on the part of all team members.

Be sensitive to differences in nonverbal communication.

Be attentive to individual differences in appearance.

Be sensitive to the fact that cross-cultural communication barriers exist.

Challenge your cultural assumptions. Show respect for all workers.

How should feedback in coaching be used?

Coaching is a way of enabling others to act and build on their strengths. To coach is to care enough about people to invest time in building personal relationships with them.

The organization also benefits from coaching because of the elevated productivity of many of the workers who are coachers.

Coaching is also seen as key vehicle for engaging or motivating workers.

a key advantage of coaching is that it generates new possibilities for action and facilitates breakthroughs in performance.

Coaching offers concrete contributions, including higher motivation. An effective coach keeps spirits up and offers praise and recognition frequently.

What are the major characteristics of a team?

Common commitment, accomplishes many collective work products, shared leadership roles.

What is inspirational communication?

Inspirational and powerful communication helps leaders carry out their roles.

Basic Components: B)

Instrumentality - an individual's assessment of the probability that performance will lead to certain outcomes. It is also referred to as a performance-to-outcome expectancy because it relates to the outcome people expect from performing in a certain way.

What is integrative bargaining?

Integrative or "interest-based" bargaining is a form of negotiation in which each party attempts to understand the other's interests, on the expectation that it will achieve a better result by helping the opponent create a solution it sees as responsive to its own concerns.

What is e-leadership?

Is a form of leadership practiced in a context where work is mediated by information technology.

Describe a group with high emotional intelligence 2

It is also important for members to have a sense of group identity as defined in their mission statement.

Basic components of the expectancy theory

It is based on the premise that the amount of effort people expend, depends on how much reward they expect to get in return. The theory deals with cognitions and process.

What is the collaborative style of conflict management? is a desire to fully satisfy the desires of bot parties.

It is based on the underlying philosophy of the win-win approach to conflict resolution, the belief that after conflict has been resolved, both sides should gain something of value.

What is the leader-exchange model?

LMX proposes that the leaders develop a unique working relationships with group members. One subset of employees, the in-group, is given additional rewards,

Alter the input - might decrease effort or time devoted to work. Might engage in self-defeating behaviors by faking sick days to take care of personal business.

Leave the situation - might quit the job.

Use straightforward language, and speak slowly and clearly.

Look for signs of misunderstanding when your language is not the listener's native language.

How can you increase the effectiveness of a virtual team? 5

Maintain frequent communications, including virtual meetings. The virtual meetings are used to keep members engaged, excited about the work, and aligned with each other.

Serving as a sounding board when the leader faces a complex decision about strategy, operations or human resources issues.

Making specific suggestions about self-promotion and image enhancement, including suggestions about appearance and mannerisms.

How can you increase the effectiveness of a virtual team? 6

Monitor team progress through the use of technology. The leader can check to see if some members are not doing their fair share of work, and the coach the underperformer. This approach might improve teamwork because loafers drag down a team.

team

work group that must rely on collaboration if each member is to experience optimum success and achievement.

What is the cooperation theory?

a belief in cooperation and collaboration rather than competitiveness as strategy for building teamwork.

Five major styles of conflict management:

competitive, accommodative, sharing, collaborative/win-win, and avoidant.

Extra-Role Behavior

high-quality exchanges between supervisors and employees contribute to employee's engaging in extra-role behavior or being cooperative in ways that were not expected from them.

How can you be an active listeners? An active listener tries to grasp both facts and feelings. Observing the group member's nonverbal communication

is another part of active listening. The leader must also be patient and not poised for rebuttal of any difference of opinion between him or her and the group member.

What is business jargon?

is used automatically without deliberate thought, and at others times jargon words and phrases are chosen to establish rapport with the receiver.

Reciprocity between leader and members

leader grant more favors to the in-group member, who in response works harder to please the leader.

Treatment of In-Group vs Out-Group Members

members in the in-group are invited to participate in important decision making, are given added responsibility and are privy to interesting gossip.

How is giving recognition useful in teamwork?

motivating others by giving them recognition and praise can be considered a direct application of positive reinforcements, that is, reinforcing the right behavior by giving a reward.

What are the listening problems that leaders face?

multitasking is a major deterrent to listening carefully to subordinates because the leader who is involved in another task at the moment, such as glancing at a tablet computer, is not paying full attention to the speaker.

What should you NOT do in video conference?

scratching your head, biting your lip, inserting your finger in your ear, checking your mobile device and rolling your eyes.

In a full form of open-book management, workers share strategic and financial information as well as responsibility. The company also shares risks and rewards based on results,

so workers are likely to pull together as a team so that the company can succeed. Regularly disseminate, by email, information about the company's financial progress.

How can you increase the effectiveness of a virtual team? 7 enhance external visibility of the team members. Virtual

team members may have at least two bosses (the virtual team leader and the on-site boss) so it is important the work of the virtual teams gets reported externally. The link to teamwork is that receiving rewards and recognition helps build team spirit.

What is a performance goal orientation?

the person with a performance goal orientation wants to demonstrate and validate his or her competence by seeking favorable judgments and avoiding negative judgments.

Safety Performance

they facilitate good safety performance. The enhanced communication lead to more commitment to safety which in turn lead to fewer accident on the job.

Transformational Effects

tie in with teamwork because the workers become energized to jointly accomplish goals

external leader

when the leader is not a member of the team.