Learning checks ch 1-4

what are the four lobes of each hemisphere of the brain?

Temporal lobe, Frontal lobe, occipital lobe, parietal lobe.

Frontal lobe:

The frontal lobe is associated with executive functions and motor performance. Executive functions include the ability to plan and engage in goal directed behavior; recognize future consequences of current actions; choose between good and bad actions; override and suppress socially unacceptable responses; and determine similarities and differences between objects or situations. The frontal lobe is considered to be the moral center of the brain because it is responsible for advanced decision making processes. It also plays an important role in retaining emotional memories derived from the limbic system, and modifying those emotions to fit socially accepted norms.

Hippocampus:

The hippocampus plays a key role in the formation of emotion-laden, long-term memories based on emotional input from the amygdala.

The Occipital Lobe:

The occipital lobe contains most of the visual cortex, and is the visual processing center of the brain. Cells on the posterior side of the occipital lobes are arranged as a spatial map of the retinal field. The visual cortex receives raw sensory information through sensors in the retina of the eyes, which is then conveyed through the optic tracts to the visual cortex. Other areas of the occipital lobe are specialized for different visual tasks, such as visuospatial processing, color discrimination, and motion perception. Damage to the primary visual cortex, which is located on the surface of the posterior occipital lobe, can cause blindness due to the holes in the visual map on the surface of the visual cortex caused by the lesions.

Temporal lobe:

The temporal lobe is associated with the retention of short and and long term memories. It processes sensory input including auditory information, language comprehension, and naming. It also creates emotional responses and controls biological drives such as aggression and sexuality. Structurally, the temporal lobe contains the hippocampus, which is the memory-center of the brain.

what is the differences between behaviorism and cognitive approach?

Behaviorism is conducted by Watson, Behavioristic psychology believes that the mind is unknown, and psychology should study at the behaviour. Cognitive psychology was originally to take human as computer, and the process of information management by the human brain as computer processing. The biggest advances of cognitive psychology is to focus on the effect of human internal mental process on behaviour.

parietal lobe

The parietal lobe is associated with sensory skills. It integrates different types of sensory information and is particularly useful in spatial processing and navigation. The parietal lobe plays an important role in integrating sensory information from various parts of the body, understanding numbers and their relations, and manipulating objects. Its also processes information related to the sense of touch. The parietal lobe is comprised of the somatosensory cortex and part of the visual system. The somatosensory cortex consists of a "map" of the body that processes sensory information from specific areas of the body. Several portions of the parietal lobe are important in language and visuospatial processing; the left parietal lobe is involved in symbolic functions in language and mathematics, while the right parietal lobe is specialized to carry out images and understanding of maps (i.e. spatial relationships).

Left temporal lobe:

holds the primary auditory cortex, which is important for processing the semantics of speech. One specific portion of the temporal lobe, Wernicke's area, plays a key role in speech comprehension Another portion, Broca's Area, underlies the ability to produce (rather than understand) speech. Patients with damage to Wernicke's area can speak clearly but the words make no sense, while patients with damage to Broca's area will fail to form words properly and speech will be halting and slurred.

why did the cognitive revolution occur?

it occured because it was tied to the development of the computer. The computer dominated the field that this period of transition is now known as cognitive revolution.