Learning Curve 2a

terminal branch; axon

A _____ is part of a(n) _____. cell body; dendrite terminal branch; dendrite terminal branch; axon cell body; axon

problem solving

A brief writing assignment asks Norm to explain how hormones influence lives, using specific areas of behavior as examples. Which area of behavior is Norm LEAST likely to address in his assignment? hunger and eating sex aggression problem solving

adrenal

A firefighter wakes in the middle of the night to the sound of an alarm. It is likely that her _____ gland(s) are releasing the hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine. pituitary parathyroid thyroid adrenal

reflex.

A simple, automatic response to a stimulus is called a(n): action potential. all-or-none response. conditioned response. reflex.

endorphins.

After a particularly strenuous workout, Javon feels especially good. Javon's euphoria may reflect the release of the brain's natural painkiller, called: glutamate. endorphins. dopamine. serotonin.

central; peripheral

At the broadest level, the nervous system is divided into the _____ and the _____ nervous systems. somatic; autonomic central; peripheral primary; secondary sympathetic; parasympathetic

peripheral

Caffeine increases activity not only in the brain, but also in the branch of the nervous system serving the body. This branch is called the _____ nervous system. central primary peripheral secondary

hormones

Carrie's boss tells her some disturbing news, but a phone call from her spouse distracts her. After she gets off the phone, Carrie has a lingering feeling that something is not quite right, but she cannot pinpoint what it is. It is likely that Carrie is reacting to the continued effect of: neurotransmitters. hormones. serotonin. action potentials.

fingers.

Compare your forearm, hand, and fingers with a neuron. In such an analogy, the dendrites are your: forearm. fingers. wrist. hand.

slower to arrive and longer lasting.

Compared with messages delivered by the nervous system, messages delivered by the endocrine system are: speedier but less powerful. shorter in the length of their effects. both faster and longer lasting. slower to arrive and longer lasting.

Communication occurs more slowly in the endocrine than in the nervous system.

Consider the nervous and endocrine systems. Which statement is TRUE? The endocrine system circulates hormones in the brain. Communication occurs more slowly in the endocrine than in the nervous system. Most brain structures release hormones. Glands release neurotransmitters.

serotonin

Dr. Talbot is MOST likely to prescribe a drug that influences the neurotransmitter to help relieve a client's depression. acetylcholine glutamate endorphin serotonin

hand; cell body

Imagine your forearm, hand, and fingers as a giant model of a neuron. Based on this model, fingers are to dendrites as _____ is to _____. hand; axon hand; cell body forearm; myelin forearm; cell body

autonomic

In terms of your heartbeat, digestion, and glandular functioning, your body is a fairly well-oiled machine that works even when you are asleep. This is possible because of your _____ nervous system. somatic sympathetic autonomic parasympathetic

serotonin and norepinephrine.

Jane is watching her favorite television program and sees a commercial for a new medication. It states that the medication can alleviate depression. "Since depression is a chemical imbalance, new Venlafaxine extended release can help with mood, sleep, arousal, and alertness by working on the two key neurotransmitters involved in depression." These two neurotransmitters are: serotonin and ACh. serotonin and GABA. serotonin and norepinephrine. ACh and GABA.

synapse

Less than a millionth of an inch wide, the _____ is the space between neurons. dendrite axon synapse myelin sheath

adrenal

People who engage in extreme sports often do so to feel the rush of epinephrine and norepinephrine. This hormone rush comes from the _____ gland. parathyroid thyroid pituitary adrenal

serotonin

Priti is watching her favorite television program and sees a commercial for a new medication. It states that the medication can alleviate depression. "Since depression is a chemical imbalance, new Venlafaxine extended release can help with mood, sleep, arousal, and alertness by working on the two key neurotransmitters involved in depression." These two neurotransmitters are norepinephrine and _____. (short answer)

pancreas.

Ron is having trouble regulating the levels of sugar in his blood. He is diagnosed with Type II diabetes. There is MOST likely an abnormality with his: thyroid gland. pancreas. parathyroids. adrenal glands.

glutamate

Some people must avoid foods high in MSG because oversupply of the neurotransmitter _____ can overstimulate the brain, inducing seizures or migraines. (short answer)

brain; body and brain.

The feedback system involving the intimate connection of the nervous and endocrine systems begins with the _____ and ends with the _____. brain; body and brain. body; brain brain; body body; body and brain

serotonin; dopamine

The neurotransmitter _____ is involved in regulating mood, sleep, and appetite, whereas _____ underlies learning. serotonin; norepinephrine dopamine; serotonin serotonin; dopamine norepinephrine; dopamine

peripheral nervous system

The spinal cord is like an information highway that connects the _____ to the brain. peripheral nervous system central nervous system action potential interneurons

hormones

These chemical messengers are mostly manufactured by the endocrine glands, and they can influence our interest in sex, food, and aggression. neurotransmitters action potentials hormones dendrites

parasympathetic

This part of your nervous system helps you to conserve energy as it calms you down after a stressful event. sympathetic autonomic somatic parasympathetic

adrenal gland - triggers fight-or-flight response

Which endocrine gland is matched with the CORRECT function? parathyroid gland - regulates blood sugar adrenal gland - triggers fight-or-flight response thyroid gland - regulates calcium pancreas - regulates metabolism

bladder contractions

Which function does the autonomic nervous system MOST directly control? bladder contractions speech production movement of the arms and legs thinking and memory

norepinephrine

Which neurotransmitter is also a hormone? dopamine norepinephrine glutamate serotonin

hierarchical

Which term BEST describes the organization of the nervous system? linear hierarchical random disconnected

all-or-none

You cannot fire a gun softly or flush a toilet halfway. Like an action potential, gunfire and a toilet's flush are examples of a(n) _____ response. all-or-none on-or-off this-or-that is-or-isn't