Learning Exam #2

In what is known as dis_________, the presentation of a (familiar/novel) stimulus during a period of habituation can sometimes result in the (reappearance/disappearance) of the habituated response.

Dishabituation; novel; reappearance

Reflexes are e________ in the senes that they are drawn out by stimuli that precede their occurrence

Elicited

A(n) ______ ______ _____ is a fixed sequence of responses that occurs in reaction to a specific stimulus. The specific stimulus that elicits this behavior is called a s_______ stimulus or re___________

Fixed Action Pattern; Sign; Releaser

From an evolutionary standpoint, if a stimulus is irrelevant or "safe," we tend to ___ to it, whereas if a stimulus is potentially dangerous we become ____ to it.

Habituate, Sensitized

A decrease in the strength of a behavior following repeated presentations of the eliciting stimulus is called _________.

Habituation

In general, repeated presentations of a low-intensity stimulus result in ___ and repeated presentations of a high-intensity stimulus result in ___.

Habituation; Sensitization

Learning to ignore the sound of dripping water is an example of __________; becoming increasingly aware of the sound of a jackhammer on the street below your apartment is an example of ___________.

Habituation; Sensitization

The fact that it has been several months since you noticed the sound of the morning and evening whistles at a nearby factor is an example of ______________-t_________ habituation. Such habituation tends to build up (quickly/slowly), following which, when the stimulus is no longer presented, the ability to respond recovers (quickly/slowly)

Long-Term; slowly, slowly

An increase in the strength of a behavior following repeated presentations of the eliciting stimulus is called _________.

Sensitization

A stimulus of intermediate intensity will initially result in a period of ___, which is then followed by ___.

Sensitization; Habituation

Different species of spiders spin different kinds of webs. Web spinning of this sort can thus be considered a sp____________ -sp____________ behavior. Such behavior used to be called i___________, but some researchers dislike this term because it temples that the behavior is more (flexible/inflexible) than is actually the case.

Species-Specific; Instincts; inflexible

A s_______ response is an automatic defensive response to a sudden, unexpected stimulus; the o________ response is an elicited set of movements designed to facilitate attending to a stimulus

Startle; Orienting

The ____-____ is directly elicited by the emotional event; this in turn elicits the ______-______, the purpose of which is to maintain a relatively balanced internal state known as h________.

a-process; b-process; homeostasis

Quickly jerking your hand or foot away from contact with an open flame or sharp object is a reflexive action known as a fl_______ response. In such cases, the perception of pain generally (precedes/follows) the occurrence of the response.

flexion; follows

In general, sensitization is (less/more) stimulus specific than habituation.

less

The opponent-process theory of emotion accounts for why a strong emotional response is often followed be a(n) (similar/opposite) emotional response.

opposite

A simple, involuntary response to a stimulus is called a

reflex

Many simple reflexes are activated through a r______ a____ that consists of a(n) ________ neuron, a(n) ________neuron, and a(n) _______ neuron (in that order).

reflex arc; sensory; inter; motor