LearningCurve 9b) Infants and Children

_____ refer(s) to characteristic differences in behavioral patterns and emotional reactions.

Temperament

How does SES (socioeconomic status) affect language development?

The higher-SES children had more exposure to words and larger vocabularies.

Which is a criticism of Piaget's theory of cognitive development?

There need to be more stages after formal operations to account for adults' cognitive development.

When 3-year-old Frances sees an airplane, she says, "Look mommy, it's a bird." Which stage of cognitive development is Frances exhibiting?

assimilation

Axel teaches kindergarten. His students are typically ages 5 to 6 years, so he expects that they will be:

fluent in their native languages.

Antonella is telling her mother Hailey "me up." Hailey knows this means Antonella wants to be picked up and carried. This is an example of:

telegraphic speech.

Characteristic differences in behavioral patterns and emotional reactions are referred to as one's:

temperament.

Fiona is 18 months old. When she wants her mother to read to her, she is likely to say:

"Mommy book"

Around age _____ months of age, infants begin to babble.

4 (Cooing: 2-3 Babbling: 4-6 Holophrase: 12 months Telegraphic speech: 18 months)

Which is a criticism of attachment theory?

A child's temperament influences how they react just as much as attachment.

Which is a criticism of Piaget's theory of cognitive development?

He underestimated children's development since they actually develop faster in some areas.

Why is eye contact crucial for newborns?

It helps them and the caregiver form an attachment

A question on a quiz reads, "If you could live in a historical time period, which one would you choose and why?" The quiz is given to a group of 9-year-olds. Is this developmentally appropriate?

No. Children are not able to think so abstractly at this stage.

Tia, who is breastfeeding, is having trouble getting her baby to eat enough. Based on what is known about babies' taste preferences, what would a doctor recommend Tia eat?

a piece of cake

Hannah has just started saying mama and dada. She is in the _____ stage of language development.

babbling

Piaget believed that humans are biologically driven to advance in intellectual development because of a need to maintain:

cognitive equilibrium.

Both rooting (when the cheek is touched, newborn turns head toward stimulus)and sucking reflexes serve the primary purpose of:

feeding

Dakota is talking to his newborn baby sister, who is sitting in a car seat. When Dakota places his hand near his sister's, she grabs onto him. The baby is demonstrating the _____ reflex.

grasping

Claire is using words like milk, ball, and night to communicate to her caregivers what she wants. She is using _____ to get her needs met.

holophrases

Logan is communicating by saying things like "milk" and "blankie." His mother is impressed because he is only 10 months old and she knows _____ do(es) not typically develop until around 12 months.

holophrases

DeShawn is speaking to baby Jackson in a high-pitched voice, saying repeatedly, "How's my little boy today?" What is the scientific name for the type of speech DeShawn is using?

infant-directed speech (IDS)

The psychosocial stage when many adults look back and feel a sense of accomplishment and satisfaction is called:

integrity versus despair.

Ethan believes that everyone has one mom and one dad who are married and sleep in the same bedroom. His _____ about parents is very traditional.

schema (One important component of cognition, according to Piaget (1936/1952), is the schema [SKEE-muh], a collection of ideas that serves as a building block of understanding. Young children create these schemas by learning about functional relationships.)

Braelyn is at home with her newborn baby when her dog suddenly starts barking loudly at the window. Her newborn abruptly extends his head arms and legs. This is an example of the _____ reflex.

startle

Rosenzweig and colleagues found that rats reared in more stimulating conditions experienced greater increases in _____ than rats in nonstimulating environments.

synaptic connections (They found that rats placed in stimulating environments (furnished with opportunities for exploration and social interaction) experience greater increases in brain weight and synaptic connections than those put in nonstimulating environments)

What are children in the preoperational stage starting to develop that is in opposition to egocentrism and necessary for social competence?

theory of mind (Egocentrism may dominate during this period, but a theory of mind is also developing: Children begin to understand that other people have thoughts, emotions, and perceptions.)

Nadia is 12 months old. Which developmental milestone has she likely reached recently?

walking (rolling over: 2-5 months climbing steps: 14-22 months.)