Lecture 3 review questions

A 27-year-old mountain climber falls from a steep rock wall and is brought to the emergency department. His physical examination and computed tomography (CT) scan reveal dislocation fracture of the upper thoracic vertebrae. the fractured body of the T4 vertebra articulates with which of the following parts of the ribs? A) head of the third rib B) neck of the fourth rib C) tubercle of the fourth rib D) head of the fifth rib E) tubercle of the fifth rib

C) tubercle of the fourth rib

A 37-year-old man is brought to the emergency department with a crushed second cervical vertebra (axis) that he suffered after a stack of pallets fell on him at work. Which of the following structures would be intact after the accident? A) alar ligament B) intervertebral disk C) semispinalis cervices muscle D) posterior atlantooccipital E) obliquus capitis inferior

D) posterior atlantooccipital

which ligament stores energy during flexion events to help maintain posture?

ligamenta flava

Which ligament stores energy during flexion events to help maintain posture?

lumbar region (and cervical region, articular facets)

Which vertebral regions are limited to flexion/extension and lateral flexion/extension? What limits the permitted movements?

no blood vessels or nerves penetrate the nucleus

Which structure may herniate through the annulus fibrosus thereby impinging on the roots of the spinal nerve?

nucleus pulposus

Which ligament limits rotation of the head at the atlantoaxial joint?

spinal nerves

Which ligament limits hyperextension of the vertebral column?

Anterior longitudinal ligament

A 24-year-old woman comes to a hospital to deliver her baby. Her obstetrician uses a caudal anesthesia during labor and childbirth to block the spinal nerves in the epidural space. Local anesthetic agents are most likely injected via which of the following openings? A) intervertebral foramen B) sacral hiatus C) vertebral canal D) dorsal sacral foramen E) ventral sacral foramen

B) sacral hiatus

A 69-year-old man has an abnormally increased curvature of the thoracic vertebral column. Which of the following conditions is the most likely diagnosis? A) lordosis B) spina bifida occulta C) meningocele D) scoliosis E) kyphosis

E) kyphosis

A 26-year-old heavyweight boxer was punched on his mandible, resulting in a slight subluxation (dislocation) of the atlantoaxial joint. The consequence of the injury was decreased range of motion at that joint. What movement would be most affected? A) extension B) flexion C) abduction D) adduction E) rotation

E) rotation