Lecture Exam 2

¡Supera tus tareas y exámenes ahora con Quizwiz!

How many phalanges in each hand?

14

How many bones are found in the adult human skeleton?

206

At what age are all bones normally ossified?

25 years

The distal end of the radius articulates with how many bones of the wrist?

3

The renewal rate for compact bone tissue is

4% per year

The carpometacarpal joint consists of:

Base of metacarpal bone and distal end of carpal bone

An increase in bone growth is promoted by which hormones?

Calcitonin and Calcitriol

These are extensions of the lacunae and are filled with extracellular fluid.

Canaliculi

Which is not a tarsal bone?

Capitate

This is a layer of hyaline cartilage that allows the Diaphysis to grow in length.

Epiphyseal plate

This is the region of a long bone that articulates with other bones.

Epiphysis

(T/F) A boy's bones are usually ossified by age 18.

FALSE

(T/F) The appendicular skeleton consists of the parts that support and protect the head, neck, and trunk.

FALSE

(T/F) The diaphysis is a tough vascular fibrous tissue covering the bone.

FALSE

(T/F) The epiphysis is a tough vascular fibrous tissue covering the muscle.

FALSE

(T/F) The main reason the body needs calcium is to make our bones strong.

FALSE

(T/F) The thoracic vertebrae are the largest and the strongest of the unfused bones in the vertebral column.

FALSE

(T/F) Vitamin D is not needed for the proper absorption of calcium in the small intestine.

FALSE

(T/F)During the repair of a severe fracture, minerals are deposited quickly such that the fracture may be completely repaired within three to five days.

FALSE

The hip joint is comprised of the

Femur and acetabulum

The tibiofemoral joint includes

Femur condyles and condyles of the tibia

This is the region in mature bone where the diaphysis and the epiphysis join.

Metaphysis

These projections on either side of the foramen magnum articulate with depressions on the first cervical vertebrae.

Occipital condyles

What bone feature of the second cervical vertebrae articulates with the first cervical vertebrae?

Odontoid process

Put the bones cells in order of their maturation from unspecialized to specialized.

Osteogenic, osteoblast, osteocytes

Calcium ion exchange is regulated by hormones, and the most important hormone involved in this process is

PTH hormone

What is the scapular notch used for?

Passageway for a nerve

Where does the biceps brachii muscle attach itself to the radius?

Radial tuberosity

What is the function of the pelvic girdle?

Support for vertebral column Attachment site for lower limbs

(T/F) Calcitonin inhibits activity of osteoclasts, speeds blood calcium uptake by bone, and accelerates calcium deposition into bones.

TRUE

(T/F) Growth hormone causes long bone growth through ossification of the epiphyseal disk.

TRUE

(T/F) Scoliosis is a lateral bending of the vertebral column, usually in the thoracic region

TRUE

(T/F) is the ongoing replacement of old bone tissue by new bone tissue

TRUE

Which of the following is not true?

The appendicular skeleton does not include the girdles.

Which of the following is NOT true statement regarding the male and female pelvis?

The female pelvic inlet is heart-shaped and smaller than that of the male, which is larger and more oval.

Which is not true of the skull bones?

The skull contains foraminas but no fissures

Which of the following is true?

There are 8 carpals, 5 metacarpals and 14 phalanges

Which of the following is NOT true of surface markings on bone.

They provide movement within the bone.

Which notch is found between the olecranon and coronoid process?

Trochlear notch

The female pelvis is ___ , than the male pelvis.

Wider Shallower Larger in the pelvic inlet Larger in the pelvic outlet

is a groove or natural division, cleft, or slit

a fissure

Which of the following best describes the process of bone resorption?

acids and enzymes released by osteoclasts degrade collagen and dissolve away minerals

Which is more superior on the scapula.

acromion

Which of the following tissues may be found within a bone (the humerus or upper arm bone, for example)?

adipose tissue nervous tissue cartilage epithelium

The arches of the foot:

are formed by metatarsal and tarsal bones.

This is a layer of hyaline cartilage that reduces friction between bones involved in the joint.

articular cartilage

The ulna:

articulates with the trochlea of the humerus.

The deltoid tuberosity of the humerus is found:

at the midpoint of the shaft

The function of vertebral processes is

attachment site for muscles

is the ongoing replacement of old bone tissue by new bone tissue

bone remodeling

Which organs are protected by bones in the axial skeleton?

brain heart spinal cord lungs

Endochondral ossification involves forming bones ____ , whereas intramembranous ossification involves forming bones ____

by replacing hyaline cartilage; forming bone by growing out along a membrane.

The largest of the tarsal bones is the:

calcaneus

Bone reduction

can be open or closed

All of the following are functions of the human skeletal system except:

carbohydrate storage

Which of the following is NOT found in the axial skeleton?

carpals

In which phase of the human life cycle does bone deposition generally occur to a much greater degree than bone resorption?

childhood and adolescence

This is the anterior bone that articulates with the manubrium of the sternum at the sternoclavicular joint.

clavicle

Which of the following is a protein secreted by osteoblasts during bone deposition?

collagen

When placed under mechanical stress, bone tissue becomes stronger through increased deposition of mineral salts and production of________ fibers by________

collagen, osteoblast

contains few spaces and is the strongest form of bone tissue.

compact bone

is a rounded protuberance at the end of a bone forming an articulation

condyle

Which of the following is a step in the formation of intramembranous bone?

connective tissue and osteoblasts deposit the matrix and bone forms along membranes; outside bone develops into periosteum and the surface osteoblasts form compact bone

suture joins the frontal bone and both of the parietal bones.

coronal

Bones in the following area protect the brain.

cranium

is a ridge or an elongated prominence on a bone.

crest

The _____ of the ethmoid bone lies in the anterior floor of the cranium and forms the roof of the nasal cavity.

cribriform plate

This is the shaft of a long bone.

diaphysis

is the bone shaft or body - the long, cylindrical, main portion of the bone

diaphysis

is the shaft of bone between epiphyses, which is solid, strong, and resists bending.

diaphysis

During adulthood, which of the following does NOT contribute to bone remodeling and growth?

enzymes

is the eminence at the articular end of a bone above a condyle.

epicondyle

the_____ is hyaline cartilage found on either end of a long bone which pushes out, enlarges, becomes calcified, and forms new bone.

epiphyseal disk

The anatomical neck of the humerus includes the:

epiphyseal line

The proximal and distal ends of a bone are called the

epiphyses

is the expanded portion at each end of long bones that articulates with another bone

epiphysis

The______bone is spongelike in appearance and is located on the midline in the anterior part of the cranial floor medial to the orbits.

ethmoid

This cranial bone is anterior to the sphenoid and posterior to the nasal bones. It contains foramina for the olfactory cranial nerve.

ethmoid

Within bone tissue, the material that surrounds individual bone cells is called the

extracellular matrix

is a small, smooth area on a bone

facet

(T/F) A person's bones are usually ossified by age 16.

false

(T/F) In the process of intramembranous ossification, bone forms within hyaline cartilage that develops from mesenchyme.

false

(T/F) Short bones have greater length than width.

false

(T/F) The lacrimal bones form the posterior portion of the hard palate, part of the floor and lateral wall of the nasal cavity, and a small portion of the floors of the orbits.

false

(T/F)The thoracic vertebrae are the largest and the strongest of the unfused bones in the vertebral column.

false

Ribs that are not attached to the sternum at their anterior costal cartilages are known as

false floating (vertebral) ribs

Ribs that do not have their own costal cartilages and attach directly to the sternum are called

false rib

Which gender shows the coccyx pointed inferiorly?

females

Which of the following is the correct sequence of bones of the lower limb, from proximal to distal ends?

femur, tibia and fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges

The lateral malleolus is found on the distal end of what bone?

fibula

One type of bone surface marking that allows for passage of blood vessels and nerves is a

fissure

The scapula is an examples of a ____ bone.

flat

Which type of bone is the occipital?

flat bone

Bones that are generally thin and composed of two nearly parallel plates of compact bone tissue enclosing a layer of spongy bone tissue are

flat bones

The bones of the skull are an example of

flat bones

The mesenchyme-filled spaces that are present between cranial bones at birth are referred to as

fontanels

An opening through which blood vessels, nerves, or ligaments pass is called a

foramen

As the spinal cord exits the cranium, it passes through an opening called the ____ of the occipital bone.

foramen magnum

is a furrow or shallow depression

fossa

is a pit or cup-like depression.

fovea

Which of the following is an unpaired cranial bone?

frontal and occipital bones

This type of fracture is considered a partial fracture and is usually seen in children.

greenstick

is a long narrow channel, depression, or furrow

groove

____ stimulates IGF which stimulates reproduction of cartilage cells in the epiphyseal disk.

growth hormone

____ stimulates ____ which stimulates reproduction of cartilage cells in the epiphyseal disk.

growth hormone, IGF

Which of the following is not found in spongy bone.

harversian canals

is the proximal end of a bone

head

What is found in the glenoid cavity?

humerus

The glenohumeral joint includes:

humerus and scapula

Which of the following is the correct sequence of bones of the upper limb, from proximal to distal ends?

humerus, radius and ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges

The process of intramembranous ossification generates bone within a pre-existing template composed of mesenchyme tissue. In contrast, endochondral ossification generates bone within a pre-existing template composed of _____.

hyaline cartilage

Which of the following hipbones is superior?

ilium

Which of the bones listed contribute to the acetabulum? ilium, ischium, or pubis

ilium, ischium, and pubis

When the amount of calcium in the blood rises above the homeostatic set point, which of the following processes acts to reduce the amount of calcium in the blood?

increasing the rate of bone deposition

In the process of bone forms directly within mesenchyme arranged in sheetlike layers that resemble membranes.

intramembranous ossification

The bones of the vertebrae are an example of ____

irregular bones

The vertebrae and facial bones are examples of ____

irregular bones

Which of the following is true for yellow marrow?

it can change to red marrow and store fat

Which of the following is not true for red marrow?

it can change to yellow marrow it produces osteocytes it stores fat

Which of the following is true for red marrow?

it produces erythrocytes

Which of the following is not true for yellow marrow?

it produces red blood cells

Which list contains only facial bones?

lacrimal bones, zygomatic bones, mandible

Which of the following structures contains osteocytes?

lacunae

are bony chambers where osteocytes are located within the compact bone

lacunae

Which is found medially?

lesser trochanter

is an anatomical line

linea

Osteons in compact bone tissue are aligned along

lines of stress

Which type of bone is the femur?

long bone

Of the following, which are the largest vertebrae?

lumbar

Which of the following minerals is needed when bones are growing?

magnesium

The clavicle articulates with which of the following to form the sternoclavicular joint?

manubrium

This is a structure of a long bone that stores energy.

marrow

This facial bone articulates with teeth.

maxillae

Which facial bone articulates with every other facial bone, except the mandible?

maxillae

is a passage or opening

meatus

A hollow, cylindrical space within the diaphysis that contains fatty, yellow bone marrow in adults is called the

medullary cavity

arteries enter the metaphyses of a long bone and, together with the nutrient artery, supply the red bone marrow and bone tissue of the metaphyses

metaphyseal

Which of the following factors affect bone remodeling and growth?

minerals vitamins hormones

Which of the following receives the trochlea of the humerus?

none of above

On the proximal end of the humerus is found:

none of the above

The coxal bones unite posteriorly at a joint called:

none of the above

The following is/are attachment sites on the clavicle.

none of the above

This is the largest foramen in the skeleton

obturator foramen

Which of the following bones is not visible from the anterior view of the skull?

occipital

Which of the following is not a facial bone?

occipital

Which is found in the elbow?

olecranon

The type of bone fracture characterized by the broken ends of the bone protruding through the skin is known as a(n)

open (compound fracture)

The branch of medicine that deals with correction of disorders of the musculoskeletal system is called

orthopedics

The process of bone formation is referred to as

ossification

Bone building cells that calcify cartilage are called

osteoblast

Bone-building cells are called

osteoblasts

These are considered bone-building cells.

osteoblasts

These are considered bone-dissolving cells.

osteoclast

are bone-remodeling cells involved in calcium resorption

osteoclast

are huge cells derived from the fusion of a large numbers of monocytes and are concentrated in the endosteum.

osteoclasts

What type of cell is most likely to be found inside a lacuna of mature bone?

osteocyte

Which type of cell may differentiate into an osteoblast?

osteogenic cell

The components of compact bone tissue are arranged into repeating structural units called

osteons or Haversian systems.

is seen in postmenopausal women and is associated with a decrease in calcium in the bones.

osteoporosis

Bone mass reduction is promoted by which hormone?

parathyroid

Which of the following hormones helps raise blood calcium levels?

parathyroid hormone (PTH)

This is a bone that develops in the tendon of the quadriceps femoris muscle.

patella

The ____ is a tough vascular fibrous tissue covering bone.

periosteum

is a projection or outgrowth of bone or tissue

process

This depression is found laterally and inferior to the trochlear notch.

radial notch

is a branch; one of the divisions of a forked structure

ramus

The correct sequence of processes that occur during bone elongation at the epiphyseal plate are:

resting, proliferation, hypertrophication, calcification

A vitamin A deficiency results in ____, whereas a vitamin D deficiency results in ____

retardation of bone development; rickets.

A vitamin D deficiency results in ____ , whereas a vitamin C deficiency results in ____

rickets; slender fragile bones.

Which of the following do the pelvic girdles articulate with?

sacrum

Which of the following bones is located in the posterior thorax between the second and seventh vertebrae?

scapula

The patella is an example of a ____ bone.

sesamoid

The carpals are examples of ____ bones.

short

This is a bone located within ankles or wrists.

short bone

is a cavity within a bone

sinus

A vitamin C deficiency results in ____ , whereas a vitamin A deficiency results in ____

slender fragile bones; retardation of bone development.

The diaphysis is a tough vascular fibrous tissue covering the bone

sphenoid

Which of the following is found in the axial skeleton?

sphenoid

is a sharp process of bone.

spine

What is the junction between the manubrium and the body of the sternum called?

sternal angle

This part of the clavicle is rounded and articulates with the manubrium of the sternum.

sternal end

Joe was found dead. His hyoid bone was broken. What was the most likely cause of death?

strangulation

These bones include the organs of hearing and balance and articulate with the mandible.

temporal

Which bone includes an opening for the ear canal (the external auditory meatus) and articulates with the mandible?

temporal bone

The medial and lateral epicondyle are found on the distal end of the humerus and are used for

tendon attachment

Bones of the adult skeleton are grouped in two principal divisions: the_______ and the ________

the axial, the appendicular

Which endocrine gland secretes calcitonin (CT)?

thyroid gland

About 25% of all stress fractures involve which bone?

tibia

Compact bone is composed of units called osteons. In contrast, spongy bone is composed of _____.

trabeculae

Which of the following is not found in compact bone.

trabeculae

are numerous branching bony plates found within spongy bone

trabeculae

is either of the two bony processes below the neck of the femur.

trochanter

This is a spool shaped surface of the humerus medial to the capitulum that articulates with the ulna.

trochlea

(T/F) Bone remodeling plays a role in the maintenance of proper levels of calcium in the blood.

true

(T/F) Spina bifida is a congenital defect of the vertebral column in which the laminae of L5 and/or S1 fail to develop normally and unite at the midline.

true

(T/F) Steroid hormones are responsible for stopping long bone growth or ossification of your epiphyseal plate.

true

(T/F) The axial skeleton consists of the parts that support and protect the head, neck, and trunk.

true

(T/F) The bones of the skull are grouped into two categories: facial bones and cranial bones.

true

(T/F) The epiphyseal (growth) plate is a layer of hyaline cartilage in the metaphysis of a growing bone that is made up of four zones.

true

(T/F) The replacement of cartilage by bone is called endochondral ossification.

true

Ribs that have costal cartilages and attach directly to the sternum are called

true rib

is a small rounded elevation or eminence on a bone

tubercle

Which of the following bone surface markings forms attachment points for connective tissue

tuberosity

is an elevated round process of a bone

tuberosity

Cervical vertebrae can generally be identified by the presence of

two transverse foramen

Which is the longer bone?

ulna

must be present in your diet for calcium absorption in the small intestine

vitamin d

During infancy, childhood, and adolescence, bones grow in length when cells in the _____ undergo mitosis.

zone of proliferating cartilage

The two bones that form the prominences of the cheeks as well as part of the lateral wall and floor of each orbit are the

zygomatic bones

Which ridge serves as an attachment point for tendons of the thigh muscles?

Gluteal tuberosity Linea aspera

Which of the following is not a step in the formation of endochondral bone?

Hyaline cartilage changes to adipose tissue.

Growth hormone stimulates ____ which stimulates reproduction of cartilage cells in the epiphyseal disk.

IGF

The mastoid process

Is the point of attachment for several neck muscles

Which of the following is true of the radius?

It articulates with the lunate, scaphoid and triquetrum at the wrist.

What is the function of the interosseous membrane between the ulna and radius?

Joins the shafts of both bones Tendon attachment

When the amount of calcium in the blood drops below the homeostatic set point, which of the following processes acts to restore blood calcium?

-increasing the rate at which osteoclasts perform bone resorption. -increasing the absorption of calcium from foods in the gastrointestinal tract. -decreasing the rate at which the kidneys excrete calcium into urine

The medial and lateral condyles of the femur fit into what part of the patella?

Articular facets

The capitulum:

Articulates with the head of radius Is a rounded knob on the lateral aspect of the humerus

Which of the following is not a step in the formation of endochondral bone?

Connective tissue and osteoblasts deposit matrix and bone along membranes

What is inflammation of the costal cartilage called?

Costochondritis


Conjuntos de estudio relacionados

Earth Science- Unit 1 Edpuzzle Questions

View Set

intermediate accounting ifrs, chapter 13, computational

View Set

Ch. 8 Microbial Genetics and Genes

View Set

Neurosensory and Musculoskeletal ATI

View Set

Crash Course: Due Process of Law

View Set