lecture exam 2 review oceanography

what does CCD stand for?

Carbonate Compensation Depth

the basic building blocks of all matter are called?

atoms

Which type of marine sediments include siliceous and calcareous oozes?

biogenous

sediments produce by plants and animals in the sea are called?

biogenous

the white cliffs of dover are an example of which of the following sediment types?

biogenous sediment

a ______ is a deposit of shore area.

both the groin and seawall prevent or retard shoreline erosion

the ________ extends inland from the shore as far as ocean-related features can be found.

coast

where are the thickest marine sediments located?

continental shelf

which of the following is not an environmental condition for calcareous ooze?

cool surface water temperature

which type of marine sediments include space dust and meteors?

cosmogenous

large deposits of sediment at the mouth of rivers are called _________.

deltas

which of the following is found at a depositional shore?

deltas

which of the following features is characteristics of submerging shoreline?

drowned beach

which of the following contains calcium carbonate (CaCO3)?

foraminiferans

the main energy resources associated with marine sediments are petroleum and ________?

gas hydrates

which of the following statements about grunion is correct?

grunion are the only marine fish that comes completely out of water to spawn

if the side of the earth that faces the moon experiences a high tide, then the side of the earth that is opposite from the moon will have a _________.

high tide

what type of bonding is there within a water molecule (H2O)

hydrogen

sediments produced because of chemical reaction is seawater are called?

hydrogenous

eustatic (global) changes in sea level might include?

increased glacial melting due to the global warming

atoms that have lost or gained one or more electrons are called?

ions

many of the unique properties of water are attributed to the fact that water?

is a polar molecule

high energy environments are most likely to deposit which one of the following?

large particles such as gravel

volcanic ash is considered to be which type of marine sediment?

lithogenous

sediment that begins as rocks on continents or islands is called?

lithogenous (terrigenous) sediment

abyssal clay is an example of which of the following sediment types?

lithogenous sediment

the ancient remains of which of the following, buried before they could decompose, are they source of today's petroleum deposits?

microscopic organisms

a group of two or more atoms held together by mutually shared electrons are called?

molecules

sediments found on continental margins are called?

neritic

the type of marine sediment that forms the thickest deposits worldwide is?

neritic, lithogenous sediment deposits

________ deposits are found on continental shelves and in shallow water near islands, whereas, ________ deposits are found in deep-ocean basins and are fine-grained.

neritic;pelagic

Neritic (nearshore) deposits cover about how much of the ocean floor?

one-quarter

Which U.S. coast is considered an emerging shoreline?

pacific coast

the study of how the ocean, atmosphere, and land have interacted in the past to produce changes in ocean chemistry, circulation, biology, and climate is called?

paleoceanography

Sediment texture describes the ________ characteristics of a deposit.

physical

one of the most abundance, chemically stable, and durable minerals in the earth's crust is _______?

quartz

which of the following contains silica (SiO2)?

radiolarians

which of the following is the major environmental concern regrading the release of methane from the sea floor to the atmosphere?

release of large quantities of methane from the ocean causes dramatic effects on global climate

the covalent bonds between hydrogen and oxygen atoms in a water molecule form as a result of the ________?

sharing of electrons between the atoms

a linear ridge of sediment attached to land at one end might be called a ______.

spit

which of the following is a biogenous sediment?

stromatolites

ocean sediments consist of particles that have slowly settled out of the water by which of the following the processes?

suspension setting

the term referring to the size and shape of sediment practice is?

texture

hydrogen bonds form between neighboring water molecules because of?

the polarity of water molecules

which of the following statements about marine sediments is correct?

they record the timing and severity of some global extinction events

The vertical difference between consecutive high and low tides is called the:

tidal range

The force that creates two simultaneous ocean bulges on opposite sides of Earth, directed toward or away from the Moon, is called the ________ force.

tide-generating

the bay fundy is well known for which tidal characteristics?

very high tidal range

a neap tide ________?

very low tidal range