Lecture Test 2: Chapters 21-22

In the Ouchterlony test, if an unknown antigen contains only swine serum albumin, how many precipitin lines will form between it and the wells of antibodies for horse, bovine, and swine albumin? •A) 1 •B) 2 •C) 3 •D) none

A) 1

The trachea divides into ________ bronchi that lead to the lungs. •A) 2 •B) 3 •C) 4 •D) 5

A) 2

Because the conducting zone structures have no gas exchange function, they are called ________. •A) anatomical dead space •B) respiratory dead space •C) physiological dead space

A) anatomical dead space

B cells provide this kind of immunity. •A) humoral •B) cellular •C) antigenic •D) clonal

A) humoral

Although all of the organs below can raise an immune response, only this one filters the lymph. •A) lymph nodes •B) spleen •C) tonsils

A) lymph nodes

This portion of the upper respiratory system serves only as an air passageway. •A) nasopharynx •B) oropharynx •C) laryngopharynx

A) nasopharynx

Select the mechanism below that is notinvolved in the flow of lymph through the lymphatic vessels. •A) pumping action of the heart •B) milking action of skeletal muscles •C) pressure changes in the thorax that occur during breathing

A) pumping action of the heart

The function of the respiratory system is to ________. •A) supply the body with oxygen and eliminate carbon dioxide •B) supply the body with oxygen and carbon dioxide •C) create oxygen and break down carbon dioxide •D) convert carbon dioxide to oxygen and carbon

A) supply the body with oxygen and eliminate carbon dioxide

The property of immunological memory is ________. •A) the ability to recognize and mount an attack on an antigen that was previously encountered •B) the ability to distinguish between closely related antigens •C) the ability to recognize one's own tissue cells as 'self' •D) the inability to recognize one's own tissue as 'self,' resulting in an attack on one's own cells

A) the ability to recognize and mount an attack on an antigen that was previously encountered

Tidal volume is ________. •A) the amount of air inhaled or exhaled with each resting breath •B) the amount of air that can be forcefully inhaled after a normal inhalation •C) the amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled after a normal exhalation •D) the maximum amount of air that can be exhaled after a maximal inspiration

A) the amount of air inhaled or exhaled with each resting breath

Ventilation is ________. •A) the movement of air into and out of the lungs •B) the exchange of gases between blood and the air-filled chambers of the lungs •C) the transport of respiratory gases between the lungs and the tissues of the body •D) the exchange of gases between blood and tissue cells

A) the movement of air into and out of the lungs

Minute respiratory volume can be computed if one knows ________ and ________. •A) tidal volume; respiratory rate •B) vital capacity; height •C) inspiratory capacity; respiratory rate •D) expiratory reserve volume; tidal volume

A) tidal volume; respiratory rate

The function of B cells in the immune response is ________. •A) to produce plasma cells that make antibodies •B) to attack virus-infected cells •C) to attack tumor cells •D) to attack bacteria

A) to produce plasma cells that make antibodies

Germinal centers in the cortex of lymph nodes contain primarily ________ . •A) T cells •B) B cells •C) macrophages •D) support cells

B) B cells

In testing a patient who has tuberculosis, you would expect that the ________. •A) FVC will be increased •B) FVC will be decreased •C) FEVT will be increased •D) FEVT will be decreased

B) FVC will be decreased

What causes the flow of lymph to slow within lymph nodes? •A) Afferent vessels contract, restricting lymph flow. •B) There are more afferent vessels than efferent vessels. •C) Afferent vessels are much larger in diameter than efferent vessels. •D) Valves at the exit site regulate lymph flow, allowing only small amounts out at a time.

B) There are more afferent vessels than efferent vessels

What is not true about antibodies? •A) They are produced by plasma cells. •B) They are cells. •C) They are found in plasma and other body secretions. •D) They bind to a single, specific antigen.

B) They are cells.

Inspiration is the time during which ________. •A) air is taken into the nasal passageways •B) air is taken into the lungs •C) air passes out of the lungs •D) air passes from the alveoli into the conducting passageways

B) air is taken into the lungs

In the Ouchterlony test, where will a precipitin line form when bovine serum albumin is mixed with the antibodies for horse albumin, bovine albumin, and swine albumin? •A) between the wells for bovine albumin and antibodies for horse albumin •B) between the wells for bovine albumin and antibodies for bovine albumin •C) between the wells for bovine albumin and antibodies for swine albumin •D) between the wells for bovine albumin and antibodies for horse albumin, and between the wells for bovine albumin and antibodies for swine albumin

B) between the wells for bovine albumin and antibodies for bovine albumin

The larynx ________. •A) is formed by a group of elastic cartilages •B) contains the apparatus for speech •C) is covered during swallowing by the cricoid cartilage •D) is located posterior to the esophagus (food chute)

B) contains the apparatus for speech

Once you have measured TV, IRV, and ERV, you can calculate all the following capacities except ________. •A) inspiratory capacity •B) functional residual capacity •C) vital capacity

B) functional residual capacity

The portion of the serous membrane that lines the thoracic walls is called the ________. •A) pericardium •B) parietal pleura •C) pleural cavity •D) visceral pleura

B) parietal pleura

The right lymphatic duct drains ________. •A) the right side of the body •B) the right side of the head and thorax, and the right upper extremity •C) the right side of the head and thorax, the entire abdomen, the right upper extremity, and both lower extremities •D) the head, thorax, and right upper extremity

B) the right side of the head and thorax, and the right upper extremity

The prominence on this laryngeal cartilage is called the Adam's apple. •A) cricoid •B) thyroid •C) cuneiform •D) arytenoid

B) thyroid

To compute inspiratory reserve volume (IRV), one would need to know ________. •A) tidal volume and vital capacity •B) tidal volume, vital capacity, and expiratory reserve volume •C) vital capacity, and expiratory reserve volume

B) tidal volume, vital capacity, and expiratory reserve volume

The ________ pulp is responsible for the immune functions of the spleen. •A) red •B) white •C) splenic •D) cryptic

B) white

This medullary region of the lymph node contains primarily ________. •A) T cells •B) B cells •C) macrophages •D) support cells

C) macrophages

Vesicular breathing sounds probably result from ________. •A) air rushing through the large respiratory passageways •B) air moving through the bronchioles •C) air filling the alveolar sacs

C) air filling the alveolar sacs

Antibodies ________. •A) are proteins composed of heavy chains and light chains •B) each recognize several different antigens •C) bind to an antigen and destroy it by phagocytosis •D) provide for cellular immunity in the body

C) bind to an antigen and destroy it by phagocytosis

The amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled after a normal tidal volume exhalation is called the ________. •A) tidal volume •B) inspiratory reserve •C) expiratory reserve •D) vital capacity

C) expiratory reserve

Lymph in the cisterna chyli differs in composition from lymph in the general lymphatic stream in that it contains more ________. •A) ions •B) protein •C) fat •D) nucleic acids

C) fat

The main bronchi enter the lungs at an area called the ________. •A) pulmonary indentation •B) cardiac notch of the lung •C) hilum of the lung •D) pleural connection

C) hilum of the lung

The vital capacity, or maximal amount of air that one can move, is the sum of ________. •A) inspiratory capacity and functional residual capacity •B) inspiratory reserve volume and functional residual capacity •C) inspiratory reserve volume, tidal volume, and expiratory reserve volume D) inspiratory capacity and residual volume

C) inspiratory reserve volume, tidal volume, and expiratory reserve volume

These cells recognize antigens and initiate the immune response. •A) neutrophils •B) monocytes •C) lymphocytes •D) neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes

C) lymphocytes

The lymphatic system consists of lymphatic vessels, lymphatic tissue, lymph nodes, and lymphoid organs such as ________. •A) oropharynx, and tonsils •B) thyroid, and thymus •C) spleen, and thymus •D) pancreas, and spleen

C) spleen, and thymus

To measure forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume (FEVT), the subject should ________. •A) take a deep inspiration, then calmly and carefully exhale as much air as possible •B) exhale as much air as possible, then inhale as much air as possible •C) take a deep inspiration, then rapidly and forcefully exhale as much air as possible

C) take a deep inspiration, then rapidly and forcefully exhale as much air as possible

The ________ receives lymph from the left half of the body and part of the right side as well. •A) right lymphatic duct •B) cisterna chili •C) thoracic duct D) right subclavian vein

C) thoracic duct

Speech occurs when air is moved through this passageway between the ________. •A) vestibular folds •B) false vocal cords •C) vocal folds •D) walls of the arytenoid canal

C) vocal folds

Carbon dioxide (CO2) from tissue cells forms ________ when combined with water. This compound dissociates into H+ and ________, and participates in an important buffering system in the blood. •A) hydrochloric acid, Cl- •B) carbonic acid, CO3 •C) hydrochloric acid, bicarbonate ions •D) carbonic acid, HCO3-

D) carbonic acid, HCO3-

In the tonsils, these structures trap bacteria and other foreign material. •A) follicles •B) germinal centers •C) villi •D) crypts

D) crypts

Hyperventilation causes a ________ in the blood concentration of CO2, and thus ________ the rate of respiration. •A) increase; increase •B) increase; decrease •C) decrease; increase •D) decrease; decrease

D) decrease; decrease

Nervous system centers set the normal resting rate and depth of respiration. Which factors below can alter this normal respiratory rate and depth? •A) exercise •B) changes in blood CO2 levels •C) changes in the pH of the blood •D) exercise, changes in blood CO2 levels, and changes in the pH of the blood

D) exercise, changes in blood CO2 levels, and changes in the pH of the blood

Antigens that can provoke an immune response include ________. •A) foreign proteins •B) polysaccharides •C) small molecules, called haptens that link to our own body proteins •D) foreign proteins, polysaccharides, and small molecules, called haptens that link to our own body proteins

D) foreign proteins, polysaccharides, and small molecules, called haptens that link to our own body proteins

What kind of epithelium lines the trachea? •A) simple squamous •B) stratified squamous •C) ciliated columnar •D) pseudostratified ciliated columnar

D) pseudostratified ciliated columnar

The functions of the lymph system includeall of the following except ________. •A) protecting the body from foreign substances •B) returning tissue fluid to the systemic circulatory system •C) filtering the lymph fluid •D) removing worn out erythrocytes from the system

D) removing worn out erythrocytes from the system

The boundary between conducting zone and respiratory zone structures occurs at the ________. •A) tracheal/main (primary) bronchi junction •B) secondary bronchi/tertiary bronchi junction •C) tertiary bronchi/bronchiole junction •D) terminal bronchiole/respiratory bronchiole junction.

D) terminal bronchiole/respiratory bronchiole junction.

This region of an antibody forms the antigen-binding site that binds a specific antigenic determinant of an antigen. •A) heavy chain only •B) constant portion of heavy and light chains •C) light chain only •D) variable portion of heavy and light chains

D) variable portion of heavy and light chains

Lymph vessels resemble these vessels of the systemic circulation. •A) arteries •B) arterioles •C) capillaries •D) veins

D) veins