Lesson 1.5/1.6 Quiz

Discuss a possible advantage of offering rewards or incentives to increase response rates. A. A possible advantage of offering rewards or incentives to increase response rates is that respondents put more effort into completely and accurately answering the survey questions because they feel obligated. B. A possible advantage of offering rewards or incentives to increase response rates is that the monetary outlays the researchers need to make for the survey are lower. C. A possible advantage of offering rewards or incentives to increase response rates is that the sample has a higher proportion of people that are interested in the reward or incentive than the population. D. A possible advantage of offering rewards or incentives to increase response rates is that if the sponsor of the survey has a vested interest in the​ results, then the rewards or incentives add credibility to the survey.

A. A possible advantage of offering rewards or incentives to increase response rates is that respondents put more effort into completely and accurately answering the survey questions because they feel obligated.

Define treatment. A. Any combination of the values of the factors​ (explanatory variables) B. The number of individuals in the experiment C. A controlled study to determine the effect varying one or more explanatory variables or factors has on a response variable D. The quantitative or qualitative variable for which the experimenter wishes to determine how its value is affected by the explanatory variable

A. Any combination of the values of the factors​ (explanatory variables)

Define experimental unit. A. A​ person, object, or some other​ well-defined item upon which a treatment is applied B. An innocuous​ medication, such as a sugar​ tablet, that​ looks, tastes, and smells like the experimental medication C. The quantitative or qualitative variable for which the experimenter wishes to determine how its value is affected by the explanatory variable D. Any combination of the values of the factors​ (explanatory variables)

A. A​ person, object, or some other​ well-defined item upon which a treatment is applied

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of closed and open questions. A. Closed questions are easier to​ analyze, but limit the responses. Open questions allow respondents to state exactly how they​ feel, but are harder to analyze due to the variety of answers and possible misinterpretation of answers. B. Closed questions are easier to​ analyze, because they usually gather more accurate data. Open questions limit the​ responses, but are harder to analyze since not every viewpoint will be covered. C. Closed questions are harder to​ analyze, because they limit the responses. Open questions allow respondents to state exactly how they​ feel, but are easier to analyze due to the variety of answers. D. Closed questions allow respondents to state exactly how they​ feel, but are harder to analyze due to the variety of answers and possible misinterpretation of answers. Open questions are easier to​ analyze, but limit the responses.

A. Closed questions are easier to​ analyze, but limit the responses. Open questions allow respondents to state exactly how they​ feel, but are harder to analyze due to the variety of answers and possible misinterpretation of answers.

Explain the difference between a​ single-blind and a​ double-blind experiment. A. In a​ single-blind experiment, the subject does not know which treatment is received. In a​ double-blind experiment, neither the subject nor the researcher in contact with the subject knows which treatment is received. B. In a​ single-blind experiment, the researcher does not know what the response variable is. In a​ double-blind experiment, neither the subject nor the researcher knows what the response variable is. C. In a​ single-blind experiment, there is a control group. In a​ double-blind experiment, there is both a control group and a placebo treatment is used. D. A single blind experiment is one in which each experimental unit is randomly assigned to a treatment. A​ double-blind experiment is one in which similar experimental units are grouped together and the experimental units within each block are randomly assigned to treatments.

A. In a​ single-blind experiment, the subject does not know which treatment is received. In a​ double-blind experiment, neither the subject nor the researcher in contact with the subject knows which treatment is received.

Distinguish between non-sampling error and sampling error. A. Non-sampling error is the error that results from​ undercoverage, nonresponse​ bias, response​ bias, or​ data-entry errors. Sampling error is the error that results because a sample is being used to estimate information about a population. B. Non-sampling error is the error that results because a sample is being used to estimate information about a population. Sampling error is the error that results from​ undercoverage, nonresponse​ bias, response​ bias, or​ data-entry errors. C. Non-sampling error is the error that results from randomness. Sampling error is the error that results from using a sample to estimate information about a population. D. Non-sampling error is the error that results from the process of obtaining the data. Sampling error is the error that results from​ undercoverage, nonresponse​ bias, response​ bias, or​ data-entry errors.

A. Non-sampling error is the error that results from​ undercoverage, nonresponse​ bias, response​ bias, or​ data-entry errors. Sampling error is the error that results because a sample is being used to estimate information about a population.

If a factor cannot be​ controlled, what should be done to reduce variability in the response​ variable? A. It is necessary to use another experimental design. B. Experimental units should be randomized to each treatment group. C. Experimental units should not be randomized to each treatment group.

B. Experimental units should be randomized to each treatment group.

What are the advantages of having a pre-survey with open questions to assist in constructing a questionnaire that has closed​ questions? A. The researcher can possibly eliminate the need for closed questions. B. The researcher can learn common answers. C. The researcher can get an idea of how large the sample needs to be. D. The researcher can possibly create the option to use open questions.

B. The researcher can learn common answers.

What does it mean when a part of the population is​ under-represented? A. A part of the population is​ under-represented when their answers on a survey tend not to reflect their true feelings. B. A part of the population is​ under-represented when individuals selected to be in the sample who do not respond to the survey have different opinions from those who do. C. A part of the population is​ under-represented when it is proportionally smaller in a sample than in its population. D. A part of the population is​ under-represented when it is proportionally smaller in its population than in a sample.

C. A part of the population is​ under-represented when it is proportionally smaller in a sample than in its population.

What is replication in an​ experiment? A. Replication is randomly assigning each experimental unit to a treatment. B. Replication is pairing up related experimental units. C. Replication is applying each treatment to more than one experimental unit. D. Replication is grouping together similar experimental units and then using random assignment.

C. Replication is applying each treatment to more than one experimental unit.

Define response variable. A. The variable whose effect on the response variable is to be assessed by the experimenter B. An innocuous​ medication, such as a sugar​ tablet, that​ looks, tastes, and smells like the experimental medication C. The quantitative or qualitative variable for which the experimenter wishes to determine how its value is affected by the explanatory variable D. The effect of two factors​ (explanatory variables on the response​ variable) cannot be distinguished.

C. The quantitative or qualitative variable for which the experimenter wishes to determine how its value is affected by the explanatory variable

What is a closed question? What is an open question? A. A closed question is a​ free-response question, whereas an open question has fixed choices for answers. B. A closed question has many correct​ answers, whereas an open question has only one correct answer. C. A closed question always has yes or no​ answers, whereas an open question is a​ free-response question. D. A closed question has fixed choices for​ answers, whereas an open question is a​ free-response question.

D. A closed question has fixed choices for​ answers, whereas an open question is a​ free-response question.

Discuss a possible disadvantage of offering rewards or incentives to increase response rates. A. A possible disadvantage of offering rewards or incentives to increase response rates is that people who would not normally participate in the survey actually do participate in the survey. B. There are no disadvantages of offering rewards or incentives to increase response rates. C. A possible disadvantage of offering rewards or incentives to increase response rates is that too many people selected for the sample respond to the survey. D. A possible disadvantage of offering rewards or incentives to increase response rates is that the people interested in the rewards or incentives differ from the population in some way that is important to the​ study, causing biased results.

D. A possible disadvantage of offering rewards or incentives to increase response rates is that the people interested in the rewards or incentives differ from the population in some way that is important to the​ study, causing biased results.

Generally, the goal of an experiment is to determine the effect that the treatment will have on the response variable. False True

True