Lesson 4 - Tissue Types
A fat cell
Adipocyte
The three compnents of extracellular matrix
Ground substance Protein fibers Fluid
Increased permeability of blood vessels
Increased movement of white blood cells from the blood to the damaged tissue
Vasodilation
Increases speed of delivery of white blood cells to damaged tissue
Adult stem cells
Labile [easily altered]
Communication within the body using electrical and chemical signals is the function of _____ tissue.
Nervous
Within nervous tissue, a variety of cell types that, as a group, are called ____ cells that protect and assist the neurons
Neuroglial
What are the conducting cells of nervous tissue?
Neurons
In regards to the presence of blood vessels, epithelial tissue is ____.
Nonvascular
A cell that produces bone is a(n)
Osteoblast
A cell that breaks down bone
Osteoclast
Endocrine gland cells
Stable
The most abundant type of adipose tissue is _____ adipose tissue.
White
The substance composed of mostly hyaluronic acid and proteoglycans occupying the spaces between cells and fibers within connective tissue is called ______ substance.
ground
What is a chondroblast?
A cartilage cell that secretes matrix
What type of exocrine gland has the secretory cells form a dilated sac?
Acinar
What are the functions of epithelial tissue?
Act as a barrier Secretion of substances
The type of connective tissue found beneath the skin, within the breast, on the surface of the heart, and also serves to insulate and pad several organs is ____ tissue
Adipose
What type of connective tissue is the storage location for triglycerides?
Adipose
Locations where simple squamous epithelium is found
Air sacs of the lungs Inner lining of heart and blood vessels Serous membrane of the viscera
What is the free surface layer of the epithelial layer called?
Apical
What type of loose connective tissue is found around blood vessels and nerves and under epithelium holding these structures in place?
Areolar
What type of tissue is a loose connective tissue that exhibits loosely organized fibers of all types, abundant blood vessels and many cell types?
Areolar
What part of a neuron sends outgoing signals to other cells?
Axon
What are the functions of areolar tissue?
Binding of epithelia to deeper tissues Provide an arena for immune defense Allow passage of nerves and bloose vessels through other tissues
Explain how inflammation protects the body
Blood vessel become more permeable and allow WBCs to move into damaged tissue more easily During inflammation, blood vessels dilate which increases the delivery of WBCs to the area Clotting that occurs helps to isolate injurious agents
An exocrine gland with multiple secretory regions emptying into a single unbranched duct is called a(n) _____ gland.
Branched
The muscle tissue that is composed of cells which are branched, striated, uninucleated, and under involuntary control
Cardiac
The three types of muscle tissue
Cardiac Smooth Skeletal
Type II collagen
Cartilage
Types of supportive connective tissue
Cartilage Bone
Events of the inflammatory response in order of occurrence
Chemical mediators are released Dilation of capillaries and increased capillary permeability Fluid and white blood cells leave the blood Swelling occurs and white blood cells phagocytize bacteria and debris
How do chondrocytes differ from chondroblasts?
Chondroblasts = cells that produce cartilage matrix Chondrocytes = once the cells are embedded in the matrix
A cartilage cell that has become enclosed in a lacuna in the cartilage matrix is called a(n)
Chondrocyte
List in the correct order the events that occur during the process of tissue repair called primary union.
Clot and scab formation Epithelial growth into wound Granulation tissue formation Scar formation
The fiber type of connective tissue that is strong, flexible, and resists stretching
Collagen
The three protein fiber types in fibrous connective tissue
Collagenous fibers Reticular fibers Elastic fibers
Of the four classes of tissue, what classification of tissue is the most abundant, widely distributed, and hisologhically variable of the primary tissues?
Connective
Support and binding tissue together are examples of functions for ____ tissue.
Connective
What class of tissue is comprised of widely-spaced cells and abundant extracellular material?
Connective
Mucous membrane
Consists of a layer of epithelial cells, a basement membrane, and a lamina propria ALSO lines cavities and tracts that open to the outside of the body
Serous membrane
Consists of a mesothelium, a basement membrane, and loose connective tissue ALSO lines cavities that do not open to the exterior
Synovial membrane
Consists of only connective tissue ALSO lines freely moveable joints
What is the cellular shape called in which the height and width are about equal?
Cuboidal
Locations where adipose tissue is found
Deep to the dermis of the skin Within breasts Within the orbits
What are the branched processes of a nueron called that receives action potentials?
Dendrites
Identify the types of connective tissue proper
Dense collagenous Adipose Reticular Areolar Dense elastic
Types of connective tissue proper
Dense elastic, reticular, adipose, areolar, and dense collagenous
The type of connective tissue containing bundles of only collagen fibers that run in random directions is called ____ ____ connective tissue.
Dense irregular
What are the functions of macrophages?
Destroy dead or dying self cells Activate the immune system when they encounter antigens Engulf foreign particles
Protein fibers that have the ability to return to its original shape after being stretched or compressed are _____ fibers.
Elastic
Mesenchyme is known as what type of tissue?
Embryonic connective tissue
Because it forms covering and lining layers for body structures, _____ tissue has very little extracellular matrix.
Epithelial
Glands are primarily composed of what primary tissue type?
Epithelial
The number of cell layers and the shape of the superficial cells are two criteria used to classify ___ tissue.
Epithelial
The primary tissue type composed of a layer, or layers, of closely packed cells that cover organ surfaces, line structures, and form glands are _____ tissue.
Epithelial
What tissue type covers body surfaces, lines body cavities, forms the internal and external linings of many organs, and constitutes most gland tissue?
Epithelial
List the four primary tissue types
Epithelial Nervous Connective Muscular
What type of tissue lines the ducts of exocrine glands?
Epithelial tissue
The tissue type that forms the internal and external linings of many organs, and constitutes most gland tissue is called ____ tissue.
Epithelium
What type of gland secretes its products into another organ or onto the body surface by way of a duct?
Exocrine
Glands that release their secretions via ducts onto a body surface are ____ glands while glands that release their secretions into the blood are ____ glands.
Exocrine; endocrine
The noncellular substance around cells
Extracellular matrix
Osteoblasts
Form bone tissue
Fibroblasts
Form fibrous connective tissue
Simple columnar epithelium can be found lining which organs?
Gall bladder Uterus and uterine tubes Stomach Intestines
The embryonic layers that give rise to all of the body's mature tissues are called
Germ layers
Indicate location where simple cuboidal epithelium is found
Glands and kidney tubules
Within some types of simple epithelia are single cells that produce mucus. These cells are called _____ cells.
Goblet
Vasodilation occurs during the inflammatory response. Identify the cardinal signs of inflammation that result due to vasodilation.
Heat and redness
Types of fluid connective tissue
Hemopoietic tissue Blood
The study of tissue is called
Histology
A long, unrbanched polysaccharide chain found in the ground substance that acts as a lubricating agent is called _____ _____.
Hyaluronic acid
The two molecules that form the majority of ground substance within connective tissue are
Hyaluronic acid Proteoglycans
A normal tissue response to injury that involves redness, swelling, heat, pain, and altered functioning of the affected area is called _____.
Inflammation
Clotting
Isolates foreign particles and microorganisms from the rest of the body
Indicate functions of connective tissue in the body
Lends support Attachment of one tissue to another Transport of nutrients, gases, enzymes, and hormones [blood] Storage of high-energy molecules and minerals [adipose tissue]
Consider the arrangement of collagen fibers within these tissue: Areolar tissue is a type of ____ connective tissue whereas tendons and ligaments are comprised of ____ connective tissue.
Loose Dense
Under a microscope, you observe a tissue that consist of an open lacy network of relatively few protein fibers with widely scattered cells. What type of tissue would you be observing?
Loose connective
Areolar and adipose tissue are two examples of
Loose connective tissue
Cells of the connective tissue that are derived from monocytes and that phagocytize foreign or injured cells are called
Macrophages
Large phagocytic cells that wander through the connective tissue are called
Macrophages
Osteocytes
Maintain bone tissue
Firbocytes
Maintain fibrous connective tissue
Stratified epithelium
More than one layer of cells with only the deepest layer contacting the basement membrane
What type of tissue membrane is found lining cavities and canals that are open to the exterior of the body?
Mucous
Three major types of tissue membranes
Mucous Synovial Serous
The viscous secretion produced by goblet cells is called
Mucus
Wineglass-shaped goblet cells, found within some secretory epithelia, produce ___.
Mucus
Of the four classes of tissues, the tissue that consists of elongated fibers that are specialized to contract in response to stimulation is _____ tissue.
Muscular
The exertion of force on other tissues and organs is the function of the _____ tissue.
Muscular
Which of the body cavities contain serous membranes?
Pericardial cavity Pleural cavity Peritoneal cavity
Neurons
Permanent
Chondroblast
Primary cell of cartilage
The epithelial type that has tall columnar cells where all cells have contact with the basal surface and some reach the free surface and other shorter basal cells that do not reach the free surface and thus creates a false appearance of stratification is _____ columnar epithelium.
Pseudostratified
The type of epithelium, a single layer with both tall columnar cells reaching the apical surface and shorter basal cells, is called
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
What is the function of serous fluid?
Reduce friction between serous membrane layers Protect internal organs from friction
The two processes that result in the repair of injured tissue
Regeneration and replacement
The collagenous fibers of dense ____ connective tissue are parallel and closely packed.
Regular
The type of connective tissue that helps to tightly bind bones together, resist stress, attach muscle to bone, and transfer muscular tension to bones is called dense ____ tissue.
Regular
What structures are lined by pseudostratified columnar epithelium?
Respiratory tract from the nasal cavity to the bronchi Auditory tubes
Labile
Retain ability to divide throughout life
What type of fibers form a spongelike framework for such organs as the spleen and lymph nodes?
Reticular
List the three types of loose connective tissue
Reticular Areolar Adipose
Type III collagen
Reticular fibers
A membrane that lines an internal body cavity or covers the external surfaces of the viscera is called a(n) _____ membrane.
Serous
A watery, low-protein fluid that moistens serous membranes is ____ fluid.
Serous
What kind of membrane lines an internal body cavity or covers the external surfaces of the viscera?
Serous
Exocrine glands that have a single unbranched duct are classified as ____ exocrine glands.
Simple
The epithelium consisting of one layer of cells in which all cells rest directly on the basement membrane, but appear to be arranged in layer, is ____ epithlium
Simple
The type of epithelium that is best suited for allowing diffusion of substances, as would be found lining the air sacs of the lungs
Simple squamous
Simple Epithelium
Single layer Cells extend from basement membrane to free surface
Pseudostratified epithelium
Single layer of cells All cells attach to basement membrane but no cells reach the free surface
Which locations of the body are composed of nervous tissue?
Spinal cord Brain
Stable
Stop dividing when growth creases, but retain mitotic ability
Adipocytes
Stores lipids
What epithelium type resists abrasion and prevents entrance of pathogens into underlying tissue?
Stratified squamous epithelium
Type I collagen
Tendons, ligaments, and bone
Collections of specialized cells and extra-cellular substances around them are known as a(n)
Tissue
What is the classification of exocrine gland has a uniform diameter of the duct and secretory portion of the gland?
Tubular
An exocrine gland that consists of an individual secretory cell is called a ______ gland.
Unicellular
Permanent
Very limited ability to divide; when killed, replaced by different cell type
A specialized layer that serves to anchor an epithelium to the connective tissue below it is called the _____.
basement membrane
The basal surface of an epithelial cell faces the
basement membrane
Exocrine glands with a branched duct are classified as
compound
The connective tissue cell type that produces collagen fibers and ground substance is called _______.
fibroblast
Mucus-secreting unicellular exocrine glands found in nonsecretory epithelium are examples of _____ cells.
goblet
An osteoblast becomes surrounds by its own matrix and entrapped in a lacuna creating a mature bone cell called a(n)
osteocyte