lesson 5 - temperature

When heat is absorbed by an object, the speed of the particles in the object _____

increases

Which is warmer −30°C or −30°F?

−30°C

Compare a change in temperature of 1°C to a change of 1°F.

A 1 degree change in Celsius temperature is GREATER THAN a 1 degree change in Fahrenheit.

Two glasses of water have the same thermal energy. Must they have the same temperature?

No. One glass might have more water in it than the other, so its temperature would be lower for it to have the same thermal energy.

The amount of thermal energy in an object depends on its _____, the number of particles in it, and how those particles are arranged.

temperature

_____ is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the individual particles in an object, a measure of how hot or cold something is compared to a refrance point.

temperature

_____ is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles of a substance.

temperature

The more particles an object has at a given temperature, the more _____ it has.

thermal energy

Describe what is meant by absolute zero.

"Absolute Zero" is the lowest temperature possible. At this temperature, the particles in the object have no kinetic energy (0 degrees Kelvin).

The lowest temperature ever recorded on Earth was −89.4°C at Vostok, Antarctica.

-129 °F

−40°C =

-40 °F

Most of the scientists in the world use the _____ or _____ temperature scales.

1. celsius 2. kelvin

Heat is the transfer of energy from a substance at a _____ temperature to a substance at a _____ temperature. ENERGY ALWAYS GOES DOWNHILL!

1. higher 2. lower

During heat transfer, the slower-moving particles _____ and the faster-moving particles _____.

1. speed up 2. slow down

The highest temperature ever recorded on Earth was 57.8°C at El Azizia, Libya.

136 °F

The common temperature for baking a cake is 350°F.

177 °C

Room temperature is about 72°F.

22 °C

Iron melts at 1535°C.

2795 °F

Normal body temperature is 98.6°F.

37 °C

Compare the freezing point of water on the Celsius and the Fahrenheit temperature scales.

Freezing points: 0 degrees C; 32 degrees F

List the three things that determine thermal energy.

Its temperature; the number of particles in the object; the arrangement of the particles

Let's say that you put a cup of cold water in one room and a cup of hot water in another room. Both rooms are room-temperature. Why does the cold water get warmer and the hot water get cooler?

The particles in the room-temperature air transfer into the cold water, causing the water particles to warm. In the room-temperature air, the water particles in the hot water will warm the room (cooling the cup of water).

Did you ever put a metal spoon in hot chocolate and then touch the spoon to your mouth? What do you think might be happening between the particles in the hot chocolate and the particles in the spoon, to make the spoon get hot?

The particles in the spoon are moving faster now because the hot chocolate caused the particles in the spoon to speed up, resulting in the transfer of heat.

What happens between the particles in the spoon and your mouth, to make your mouth get hot?

The particles in your mouth are moving faster now because the spoon caused the particles in your mouth to speed up, resulting in the transfer of heat.

At _____, the particles in an object have no kinetic energy.

absolute zero

Removing energy by cooling particles decreases their motion, resulting in a _____ in temperature.

decrease

On the _____ temperature scale, water boils at 212°.

farinheit

You are riding to school on a bus in a snowstorm. Through the window, you see a lighted sign that gives the temperature as 26° but you cannot make out whether the temperature scale is Celsius or Fahrenheit. Which is it, and how do you know?

farinheit because 26f is snowstorm weather but 26c is really 78f which is summer weather

Object A is much larger than Object B, but both are made of the same material. If both objects are at the same temperature, the thermal energy of Object A is _____ the thermal energy of Object B.

greater than

Energy can be added or removed from a substance when faster-moving particles contact slower-moving particles and transfer _____ to them.

heat

The transfer of thermal energy from a warmer object to a cooler object is called _____

heat

On the _____ temperature scale, there are no negative numbers.

kelvin

Adding energy by heating particles increases their _____, resulting in an increase in temperature.

motion