Lesson 6

A self-actualized person, according to Abraham Maslow, is one who strives to reach perfect mental and physical health become great and famous live up to his or her potentials do all of the above

live up to his or her potentials

Which of Freud's three parts of personality "allows the id to express itself safely"? id superego ego none of the above

ego

32. According to Karen Horney, which of the following has the greatest impact on personality? forming solid, loving relationships establishing self-esteem through self-talk being able to satisfy id impulses in a realistic fashion balancing personal demands with societal demands

forming solid, loving relationships

Norms can best be established by including just a few test items and giving this test to the same people over and over again including a few key test items and giving the test to as many people as possible including many test items and giving the test to the same people over and over again including many test items and giving this test to a large number of people

including many test items and giving this test to a large number of people

What is the primary difference between aptitude and achievement tests? Aptitude tests have high reliability and validity; achievement tests have poor reliability and validity. Aptitude tests are designed to predict performance in general; achievement tests measure what you've already learned. Aptitude tests usually contain open-ended questions (fill-in-the-blank), while achievement tests are more objective. Aptitude tests are less expensive to administer than achievement tests.

Aptitude tests are designed to predict performance in general; achievement tests measure what you've already learned.

Ed takes a test which asks him to circle all the capital letters on the page as quickly as he can. Most likely, Ed is taking a(n) personality inventory aptitude test projective test

**

Which of Freud's three parts of personality "realistically moderates between desires and morals"? superego ego none of the above

**

Which of Freud's three parts of personality is "concerned only with its own primitive desire"? ego id none of the above

**

According to Alfred Alder, why would ten-year-old Carly always claim that she is right? Carly probably does this to make herself seem important and to hide any insecurities she has. Being right is simply part of Carly's persona. Carly is probably just channeling her aggression. Carly is probably trying to resolve an Oedipal conflict that was not resolved earlier in life.

Carly probably does this to make herself seem important and to hide any insecurities she has.

Which of the following is the best description of an archetype affecting behavior? Chuck tries to act tough to live up to some unconscious ideal he has of toughness. Chuck tries to act tough to express his natural aggressive drive. Chuck tries to act tough because he doesn't want to be like his father. Chuck tries to act tough because his father is tough.

Chuck tries to act tough to live up to some unconscious ideal he has of toughness.

How do Erikson's eight stages differ from Freud's five stages? (Select all that apply.) Erikson believed that failure to resolve a conflict during a particular stage might be corrected; Freud was less optimistic. Erikson placed more emphasis than Freud did on social forces. Erikson's stages span a lifetime; Freud's stages do not. in none of the above ways

Erikson believed that failure to resolve a conflict during a particular stage might be corrected; Freud was less optimistic. Erikson placed more emphasis than Freud did on social forces. Erikson's stages span a lifetime; Freud's stages do not.

According to B. F. Skinner, why do students go to school every day? Going to school probably satisfies some sort of archetypal urge. Students probably get some sort of benefit for going to school. Students choose to go to school out of free will. Students don't know any better; they just go because they're following others' examples.

Students probably get some sort of benefit for going to school.

How do behaviorists view the unconscious? They believe the unconscious is influenced by the environment rather than biology. They don't bother to acknowledge the existence of the unconscious. They believe the unconscious provides natural rewards and punishments. They believe the unconscious develops through rewards and punishments.

They don't bother to acknowledge the existence of the unconscious.

How did neo-Freudians differ from Freud? They didn't have much belief in the unconscious since they couldn't find proof of its existence. They placed more emphasis on animal instincts. They placed more emphasis on the influence of social forces. They focused more on the biological sources of archetypes and personas.

They placed more emphasis on the influence of social forces.

George takes a test that asks him the capitals of all the states in the United States. Most likely, George is taking a(n) aptitude test projective test achievement test vocational interest test

achievement test

The Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) would be an example in large part of a(n) achievement test vocational test projective test college interest test

achievement test

Modeling, according to behaviorist Albert Bandura, does what? demonstrates that learning can occur through a process of associations teaches behaviors and can also help to reduce fears demonstrates our ability to think and interpret, and not just respond, as other behaviorists suggest all of the above

all of the above

Psychological tests can be designed to objectively measure job skills personality intelligence all of the above

all of the above

Which of the following is considered an ethic of testing? Subjects can refuse to take personality tests. One's score on a personality test should remain private. Young people must get the permission of a parent or guardian before taking a personality test. all of the above

all of the above

Which of the following personality traits seem to remain the same regardless of age? friendliness how often a person follows rules or rebels how comfortable a person feels all of the above

all of the above

If you were to complete the shyness scale from the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2), you would most likely define shyness in your own words describe times when you have been shy answer a number of true-false questions on shyness do all of the above

answer a number of true-false questions on shyness

Sally takes a test that asks her to guess the position of two gears after they have rotated. Most likely Sally is taking a(n) achievement test aptitude test vocational interest test personality inventory

aptitude test

Which of the following approaches states that the environment is the greatest influence on what most psychologists refer to as personality? behaviorism social psychoanalysis humanism psychoanalysis

behaviorism

In examining the effect of the environment on personality, recent studies seem to indicate that in the long run friends have the greatest effect on personality parents have the greatest effect on personality teachers have the greatest effect on personality the extended family has the greatest effect on personality

friends have the greatest effect on personality

Vocational interest tests are most useful for helping eliminate certain occupational possibilities Matching applicants with one particular occupation assessing one's aptitude for various occupations all of the above

helping eliminate certain occupational possibilities

During the Oedipal complex, we feel __________ toward the same sex parent and __________ toward the opposite sex parent. love . . . hostility indifferent . . . anger hostility . . . love anger . . . anger

hostility . . . love

To study the unconscious, Freud first tried __________, and when he became dissatisfied with this, he used __________. free association . . . hypnosis group therapy . . . talking therapy hypnosis . . . free association talking therapy . . . group therapy

hypnosis . . . free association

While completing the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT), the test taker must assemble an incomplete picture make up stories after viewing pictures report what he or she sees in an ink blot do all of the above

make up stories after viewing pictures

If a test is valid, it will not have to be standardized measure what it is supposed to measure accurately measure both personality and intelligence be all of the above

measure what it is supposed to measure

Psychoanalysis is the personality theory that states the past should be forgotten and buried present behavior can be changed by changing the environment most of who we are is influenced by hidden forces all of the above

most of who we are is influenced by hidden forces

Personality inventories that measure beliefs and desires are most likely multiple-choice tests essay tests fill-in-the-blank tests short answer tests

multiple-choice tests

Which of the following would be an example of situational assessment? administering an interest test asking people why they did not throw their trash away interviewing a small groups of subjects observing how often people throw trash away in a crowded area

observing how often people throw trash away in a crowded area

Twenty-year-old Tony completes the Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory. His answers are compared with others in various occupations others his age who have similar backgrounds others his age who answer the questions similarly all of the above

others in various occupations

Terri takes a multiple choice test that asks her to assess how well she gets along with others. Most likely, Terri is taking a(n) projective test aptitude test personality inventory Thematic Apperception Test

personality inventory

The Rorschach test has poor validity and poor reliability poor validity but high reliability fairly high validity but poor reliability high validity and high reliability

poor validity and poor reliability

Of the following, __________ tend to be subjective, and __________ tend to be objective. vocational interest tests and aptitude tests . . . projective tests and personality inventoriest projective tests and personality inventories . . . vocational interest tests and aptitude tests interview and vocational interest tests . . . personality inventories & achievement tests projective tests and interviews . . . personality inventories and aptitude tests.

projective tests and interviews . . . personality inventories and aptitude tests.

Paul has a personality in which the superego dominates; therefore, Paul would most likely be aggressive impulsive very outgoing and friendly quiet and fearful

quiet and fearful

Personality can be best defined as behavior that attracts the attention of others remains consistent in a variety of situations is socially acceptable does all of the above

remains consistent in a variety of situations

The California Psychological Inventory, most often used in schools, measures test anxiety and phobias depression and other moods interests and academic ability self-acceptance and the desire to achieve

self-acceptance and the desire to achieve

If Maxine is fully functioning, according to Carl Rogers, then she no longer has any ideals to strive for and become unhappy she unites her real self with her ideal self she unites what others want her to be with her ideals she must slow down so that she can appreciate life

she unites her real self with her ideal self

Because of the Barnum effect, Jeri believes that she will lose her job. This means that someone has fooled Jeri into believing this Jeri's boss only sees Jeri's negative characteristics Jeri will soon be fired someone has presented solid evidence to Jeri about a possible firing

someone has fooled Jeri into believing this

Which of Freud's three parts of personality "attempts to block all natural drives and instincts"? superego ego id none of the above

superego

Which of Freud's three parts of personality "causes guilt for doing bad and pride for doing good"? ego id superego none of the above

superego

If you think that your score on an intelligence test is wrong, you should take the test again ignore it because no one will ever look at the score without your permission ignore it because an error is most likely just your perception ignore it because taking the test over is costly

take the test again

The term libido refers to the energy inside us that drives us the process of repressing memories the guilt we feel when we hurt someone all of the above

the energy inside us that drives us

While it is true that aptitude tests have good reliability and validity, __________. the tests cannot predict success within a particular field the tests often identify people who do not have problems standardization is almost impossible to achieve the tests are usually not interpreted properly

the tests cannot predict success within a particular field

Why might a psychologist administer a personality inventory to a group of people? to attain a variety of fill-in-the-blank answers to establish the reliability of the test to identify people who might need help to do all of the above

to identify people who might need help

Rita is asked on a test if she would rather fly a kite or race a car. Most likely, Rita is taking a(n) aptitude test vocational interest test personality inventory achievement test

vocational interest test

Once we push desires into the unconscious, or repress them, these desires (Select all that apply.) will most likely resurface in some form or other will probably cause anxiety will eventually disappear none of the above

will most likely resurface in some form or other will probably cause anxiety

Vocational interest tests and the SAT are two tests that you should avoid taking because their reliability is so poor you should avoid taking because one is a disguised personality test, and the other might keep you out of college you should take because they might help you you should take at the same time0

you should take because they might help you