Lesson 7 AP Psych

Discuss white thoughts, feelings, or behaviors that are atypical would not necessarily signify the presence of a psychological disorder.

A person may experience a typical in experiences experiences or exhibit unusual behaviors, but they would not be considered disordered if they are not distressing, disturbing, or reflecting the dysfunction.

Traumatic events may contribute to which of the following?

Extreme fear and anxiety

People suffering from which of the following may experience thoughts and urges that are intrusive and unwanted and/or the need to engage in repetitive behaviors or mental acts?

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Piper is diagnosed with agoraphobia because she experiences intense fear and anxiety of ________.

being outside the home alone

The ________ perspective suggests that psychological disorders result largely from faulty physical processes, and the ________perspective emphasizes the importance of factors such as stress and thoughts as well as environmental factors in the development of psychological disorders.

biological; psychological

Mae notices that her daughter, Natalie, is extremely preoccupied with the freckles on her nose. Mae can barely see the freckles, but Natalie spends hours in front of the mirror and recently declared that her nose is deformed and she is ugly. She spent her entire weekend applying products to eliminate the freckles, and she recently announced her plans to save money for plastic surgery. Mae believes her daughter may have a ________ disorder.

body dysmorphic

Etiology is another word for ________.

causes

What is comorbidity?

co-occurrence of two disorders

The ________ model suggests that people with a predisposition for a disorder are more likely to develop the disorder when faced with adverse environmental or psychological events.

diathesis-stress

Exhibiting a personality that ________ is a common characteristic of all personality disorders.

differs markedly from the expectations of one's culture

Which brain region is believed to play a critical role in OCD?

orbitofrontal cortex

Yuri experiences excessive, distressing, and persistent fear or anxiety about heights. Yuri suffers from a(n) ________.

phobia

What do obsessive-compulsive disorder, body dysmorphic disorder, and hoarding disorder have in common?

repetitive thoughts and urges, as well as an uncontrollable need to engage in repetitive behavior and mental acts

Diondre harbors the belief that spider eggs have been implanted underneath his fingernails. What kind of delusion is this?

somatic

Which of the following is an instantaneous reaction to an imminent threat?

Fear

Why is the perspective one uses and explaining a psychological disorder important?

The perspective of an individual uses while explaining a psychological disorder consists of assumptions that will guide how to best study and understand the nature of a disorder, including its causes, and how to most effectively treat the disorder.

Which of the following factors does not strongly predict the development of posttraumatic stress disorder?

experiencing trauma in isolation

Which of the following is a common characteristic of all anxiety disorders?

excessive, persistent, fear, and anxiety

A psychological disorder is a ________.

condition characterized by abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors

Miguel worries excessively about things beyond his control, and his worries often interfere with his life. He avoids driving because he worries about car accidents. He calls his parents twice a day because he worries they are dead. He checks his credit card statement three times a day because he worries about identity theft. Miguel probably suffers from ________.

Generalized anxiety disorder

Compare and contrast: OCD, body dysmorphic disorder, and hoarding disorder

All disorders are characterized by repetitive thoughts and urges, as well as an uncontrollable need to engage in repetitive behavior and mental acts. For example an individual with OCD might repetitively wash their hands while someone with body dysmorphic disorder constantly looks in the mirror. For individuals with hoarding disorder, they engage in efforts to acquire new possessions.

Which of the following is published by the American Psychiatric Association, and categorizes and describes each mental disorder?

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)

This integrates biological and psychosocial factors to predict the likelihood of a disorder.

Diathesis-Stress Model

Which of the following is defined as a relatively continuous state of excessive, uncontrollable, and pointless worry and apprehension?

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Who identified psychological disorders as a harmful dysfunction?

Jerome C. Wakefield

What is one risk factor associated with PTSD?

Lack of social support

Describe how cognitive if theories of the etiology of anxiety disorders differ from learning theories

Learning theory suggests that some anxiety disorders, especially phobias, can develop through a number of learn mechanisms including classical and operant conditioning. Cognitive theories in contrast, assume that some anxiety disorder, especially panic disorder, developed through cognitive misinterpretations of anxiety and other symptoms

Which of the following is an example of a diathesis-stress model?

Ozzie has a genetic predisposition towards depression, but he did not experience depression until his mother and father died.

Which of the following may occur after a person is exposed to, witnessed, or experienced the details of a traumatic experience?

PTSD

Which of the following is a term that describes the percent of the population thought to be afflicted?

Prevalence

List some risk factors associated with the development of PTSD following a Trumatic event.

Risk factors associated with PTSD include gender, low socioeconomic status, low intelligence, personal and family history of mentally ill, and childhood abuse or trauma. Personality factors such as neuroticism may serve as risk factors to PTSD. Also, certain versions of a gene that regulate serotonin may constitute a diathesis.

Describe the DSM-5. What is it, what kind of information does it contain, and why is it important to the study and treatment of psychological disorders?

The DSM-5 is the classification system of psychological disorders preferred by most U.S. mental health professionals, and it is published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA). It consists of broad categories of disorders and specific disorders that fall within each category. Each disorder has an explicit description of its symptoms, as well as information concerning prevalence, risk factors, and comorbidity. The DSM-5 provides a common language that enables mental health professionals to communicate effectively about sets of symptoms.

ICD and DSM differ in various ways. What are some of the differences in these two classification systems?

The ICD is used primarily for making clinical diagnosis and more broadly for examining the general health of populations and monitoring the international prevalence of diseases and other health problems. While the DSM is also use for diagnostic purposes, it is also highly valued as a research tool.

Due to Dominique' s obsessive-compulsive disorder, she may ________.

Wash her hands every 10 minutes throughout the day

Identify the obsession in the following sentence. "Keisha is overly concerned about germs, so she spends hours wiping the surfaces of her home and washing her hands."

concern over germs

What kind of symptoms involves reflecting noticeable decreases and absences in certain behaviors, emotions, or drives?

negative