Lifespan Development Quizzes II
Which of the following statements is true of sleep in middle age?
Habitual sleep deprivation in adults is linked to morbidity, especially among people with cardiovascular disease.
Which of the following statements is true about the good-enoughs?
good enough women usually marry men who educationally and economically are similar to their first husbands
Which of the following is a positive feature of the transition from high school to college?
opportunities to explore different lifestyles and values
_____ adults have positive views of relationships, find it easy to get close to others, and are not overly concerned with or stressed out about their romantic relationships.
securely attached
Which of the following is the third-leading cause of death in 10- to 19-year-olds today in the United States?
suicide
Why does night driving become especially difficult in late adulthood?
because of diminishing sensitivity to contrasts and reduced tolerance for glare
According to Levinson, the transition to middle adulthood requires the adult male come to grips with four major conflicts. One of the major conflicts is
being destructive versus being constructive.
Aaron is a healthy, 65-year-old man. Compared with his 24-year-old son Harry, Aaron has much less brain volume. Which of the following is most likely the reason for this difference?
Aaron is experiencing shrinkage of neurons.
Compared with middle age, which of the following best describes late middle age for many individuals?
Losses may begin to outnumber gains.
Which of the following is the finding of the longitudinal and cross-sectional assessment of intellectual abilities conducted by Schaie?
Decline in intellectual abilities was more likely in the cross-sectional assessments than in the longitudinal assessments.
Which of the following statements is true about identity development?
Identity encompasses an individual's personality characteristics.
In the context of cohabitation among older adults, which of the following statements is true?
In most cases, older adults cohabit for companionship than for love.
Which of the following statements is true of the empty nest syndrome?
It involves a decline in marital satisfaction after children leave the home.
Which of the following is true of rape?
Legal definitions of rape usually differ from state to state.
Which of the following statements is true of obesity among the general population of the United States?
Obesity is more prevalent among American women with low income than among women with high income.
What is the main difference between the way younger people and older people respond to stress?
Older people keep stress hormones in their system at elevated levels for longer periods than younger people do.
Which of the following statements is true of changes in weight in middle age?
On average, body fat accounts for about 20 percent or more of body weight in middle age.
Which of the following does the new model of parent-adolescent relationships emphasize?
Parents serve as important attachment figures and support systems during adolescence.
Which of the following best explains why middle adulthood starts later and lasts longer now than in the early 1900s?
People today have healthier lifestyles than people in the early 1900s.
Which of the following statements is true about the impact of unemployment on an individual?
Researchers have found that unemployment is related to homicide.
The largest increases in media use in early adolescence are for
TV and video games
Derek is a young adult who recently graduated from college. Despite excelling at academics, he is unable to find a meaningful job. Derek has maturity fears, which he has been experiencing since his early adolescent years. He continues to live with his parents and relies on them for financial support. According to Joseph and Claudia Allen, which of the following should Derek's parents have done to launch him adequately into the adult years?
They should have created service learning opportunities for him.
Which of the following changes was seen in the division of responsibility for work and family when more U.S. women took jobs outside the home?
U.S. men started showing greater interest in their families and parenting.
Which of the following countries has the highest number of centenarians?
United States
Which of the following statements is true of spirituality?
Women have consistently shown a stronger interest in religion and spirituality than men have.
Researchers have found that ________ reduces the oxidative damage created by free radicals.
a diet restricted in calories
According to recent studies, which of the following individuals showed lower levels of depressive symptoms?
attachment secure adults
Abdiel has three children. According to Erikson, he has achieved
biological generativity
_____ illness often follows a pattern of an acute period that may require hospitalization, followed by a longer period of remission, and then repetitions of this pattern.
chronic
Marie is reluctant to marry because she is worried that her husband might cheat on her. You would tell her that adultery is
clearly the exception rather than the rule
Meghan and her group of five girls are all enthusiastic gymnasts. They hang out together after school and go to the mall on weekends. They are all of the same age and have similar tastes in music and food and, as a result, enjoy each other's company. Which of the following terms best describes this type of group?
clique
Sandra and Tom divorced after an 18-year marriage when Tom left Sandra for his colleague. Since the divorce two years ago, Sandra has been promoted in her job, has an active social life with her friends, and has taken up golf. However, when her friends suggest that she meet a man, Sandra tells them that she has no interest in men and that she is quite content with her life. Sandra is a(n)
competent loner
A longitudinal study of more than 1,200 individuals across seven decades revealed that a higher score on the Big Five personality factor of _____ predicted a lower risk of earlier death from childhood through late adulthood.
conscientiousness
Becky is careless, impulsive, and disorganized. According to the Big Five personality factors, Becky is most likely to score low on
conscientiousness
Carla is described by her coworkers as highly organized and meticulous. She has a strong sense of self-discipline. According to the Big Five factors of personality, Carla is most likely to score high on
conscientiousness
Studies on the Big Five factors of personality found that transition into late adulthood was characterized by increases in the aspects of impulse control, reliability, and conventionality. To which Big Five personality factor do these aspects belong?
conscientiousness
In a study conducted by Nelson and others (2007), both parents and college students agreed that taking responsibility for one's actions and _____ are important aspects of becoming an adult.
developing emotional control
According to Harry Stack Sullivan, if adolescents fail to develop close friendships, they
experience loneliness and a reduced sense of self-worth.
_____ are the leading cause of injury deaths among adults who are 65 years and older.
falls
Your elderly aunt Marie was recently admitted to a nursing home where there is a "residents' advisory board," consisting of the people who live in the home. The board consults with the staff on changes that affect the residents' lives and help plan the monthly activities. Based on a study by Judith Rodin and Ellen Langer, you would expect Marie to be
happier than she was when she did not have any input into decisions affecting her life.
Sensitivity to _____ sounds usually declines first among _____.
high-pitched; men
Nancy was not able to decide whether she should major in music or take up an undergraduate program in engineering. After significant exploration of both options, she finally chose the latter, with a minor in music. Identify Nancy's status of identity.
identity achievement
According to Erik Erikson, which of the following is a precursor to intimacy in romantic relationships during emerging adulthood?
identity development in adolescence
According to Erik Erikson, which of the following developmental stages is experienced by an individual during adolescence?
identity versus identity confusion
One of the benefits of a good marriage is
increased longevity
According to Robert J. Sternberg's triangular theory of love, _____ relates to the emotional feelings of warmth, closeness, and sharing in a relationship.
intimacy
According to Erik Erikson, which of the following stages occurs during early adulthood, after individuals are well on their way to establishing stable and successful identities?
intimacy versus isolation
The four problems that affect most adolescents are drug abuse, sexual problems, school-related problems, and
juvenile delinquency
Which of the following is prominent in Erikson's final stage of integrity versus despair?
life review
Cathy and Miguel have been dating for 6 months. Which of the following is likely to be LEAST important in their relationship considering that both are in early adulthood?
loyalty
According to a longitudinal study by John Schulenberg and his colleagues, by the time individuals reach their late twenties, _____ the use of alcohol and drugs.
many would have reduced
Middle adulthood is referred to as the sandwich generation because
middle-aged adults may have to care for their own adolescent children as well as their elderly parents.
Which of the following is a major challenge for sexually interested older women (70 years or older)?
not having a partner
In the Berkeley Longitudinal Studies, which of the following characteristics generally changed the most in the life span of an adult?
nurturance or hostility
Apart from consensual validation, what is the other reason that similarity matters in relationships?
people tend to shy away from the unknown
Some theorists have pieced together cognitive changes in young adults and proposed a new stage of cognitive development. This stage is termed as
postformal thought
Mike is 14 years old. When asked what he wants to be when he grows up, he promptly replies that he wants to be a lawyer and begins to speak about a recent case and how well the lawyers handled the case. However, his mother casually mentions that Mike's interests change almost every few weeks and that she feels that Mike should attend some career guidance sessions to decide what he wants to become. In the context of Erik Erikson's fifth developmental stage, this period of Mike's life is referred to as a _____
psychosocial moratorium
Identify the possible double jeopardy for elderly ethnic minority individuals
racism and ageism
Alice, Jane, Lois, and Sandra have been friends since grade school. Over the years, they have supported each other and shared in each other's joys and sadness. Which model of social relations does this scenario represent?
the convoy model
Roy Baumeister and Kathleen Vohs believe that a meaningful life can be understood in terms of four main needs for meaning. Which of the following is a need for meaning according to Roy Baumeister and Kathleen Vohs?
the need for values
Which of the following is referred to as the final stage in the marriage process?
the time from retirement until death
In a survey conducted by AARP (2004), the primary reason middle-aged and older women cited for wanting a divorce was
verbal, physical, or emotional abuse.
The matching hypothesis says that we choose partners
who are close to our level of physical attractiveness
Crystallized intelligence is
an individual's accumulated information and verbal skills.
is the most common chronic disorder in late adulthood.
arthritis
Which of the following is one of the main reasons that grandparents are thrust back into the "parenting" role they thought they had shed?
adolescent pregnancies
Which of the following is one of the outcomes of the restructuring, downsizing, and outsourcing resulting from globalization?
offering incentives to middle-aged employees to retire early
Selective optimization with compensation theory states that successful aging is related to three main factors:
selection, optimization, and compensation.
Telomeres and telomerase are increasingly thought to be key components of the ________ process, providing a possible avenue to restrain cancer and delay aging.
stem cell regeneration