Lifespan psych test #2

Approximately how many preschool children in the United States are malnourished?

11 million

Marcia's baby boy weighed 8 pounds at birth. If he grows at an average rate for an American baby, what should he weigh by 4 months of age?

16 pounds

Although aging people are often characterized as sickly, only ________ percent of U.S. adults aged 65 to 74 have a disability.

17

How many chromosomes does an egg or a sperm have?

23

Brent's biological functions are beginning to decline. How old is he?

30

Adolescents who eat dinner with their parents ________ or more days a week have lower rates of smoking, getting into fights, and initiating sexual activity.

5

From birth to their first birthday, infants increase their length by ________ and ________ their weight.

50 percent; triple

What are the percentages of osteoporosis cases that occur in females and males respectively in the United States?

80 percent; 20 percent

Which of the following statements is NOT an idea held by evolutionary developmental psychologists?

All evolved mechanisms are adaptive in contemporary society.

Leon is unusually shorter than his peers. It could be because

All of these answers are correct.

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding puberty for girls and boys?

Both male and female adolescents are preoccupied with their bodies.

________ is a genetic disorder that occurs less often to children with mothers who are 16 to 34 years old.

Down syndrome

Which of the following statements is TRUE of fine motor skill development during middle and late childhood?

Girls usually outperform boys in fine motor skills.

According to the dynamic systems theory, how do infants develop motor skills?

Infants perceive something new in the environment that motivates them to act. They use their perceptions to fine-tune their movements.

Regarding mortality rates for adolescents and emerging adults, who among the following individuals is at the HIGHEST risk for a fatality?

John, an emerging adult

________ syndrome causes males to have undeveloped testes, enlarged breasts, and tallness. Boys with this chromosomal disorder often have language, academic, attentional, and motor impairments.

Klinefelter

Both ________ are genetic disorders caused by the presence of an extra chromosome.

Klinefelter syndrome and Down syndrome

________ is a specialized form of cell division that occurs to form eggs and sperm.

Meiosis

Baby Chloe startles when she hears a loud sound. She arches her back, throws back her head, and flings out her arms. Which reflex is she demonstrating?

Moro

Sammi was born 3 days ago and has lost 3 percent of her body weight. Should her parents be concerned?

No. Babies normally lose between 5 and 7 percent of their body weight within the first few days after birth.

Which of the following BEST describes the relationship between sensation and perception?

Perception cannot occur unless sensation takes place first.

eBook Print References Check my work Check My Work button is now disabled Item 64 Item 64 Which statement BEST describes the relationship between the rooting and sucking reflexes?

Rooting involves locating food; sucking involves eating food.

Kenneth is considering moving into a nursing home. Based on the findings of Rodin and Langer, which of the following would increase both his happiness and health in the new facility?

The nursing home allows him a lot of self-determination in aspects of his life.

Tammy is middle-aged and walks daily with her friends. Research shows that she can expect which of the following in older adulthood?

a lower level of motor ability loss

Sound waves transmitted to David's auditory nerve create ________. David's reinterpretation of the sound waves as the school bell is ________.

a sensation; perception

What is the leading cause of death in children in the United States?

accidents

Well-developed gross motor skills allow infants to become more independent. Independence is important because it:

allows more and different kinds of interactions with the environment.

Approximately how many genes does a typical human have according to the latest research?

around 20,000

Pauline is middle-aged. Her greatest health concern is MOST likely to be

arthritis.

Melinda and Joseph both have brown eyes, but their child has blue eyes. This shows that

both Melinda and Joseph are carrying a recessive gene for blue eyes.

In order for David to realize that he heard the train approaching fast, it has to involve the process(es) of

both sensation and perception.

According to the cephalocaudal growth pattern, which of the following is likely to show fast growth first?

brain

What is the leading cause of death in U.S. adults aged 65-74?

cancer

In prenatal development, the head and its features grow in size and differentiation before the neck, shoulders, trunk, and limbs. What is this pattern of development called?

cephalocaudal

Which of the following changes are most pronounced in middle and late childhood?

changes in proportions

Gross motor skills include activities such as running, whereas fine motor skills include activities such as

cutting with scissors.

Alzheimer disease is a type of

dementia

Doug does not recognize his home, neighbors, and even family members. Doug has a form of

dementia

The global term for a neurological disorder in which the primary symptom is deterioration of mental functioning is

dementia

Kevin has blond hair, but both of his parents have brown hair. What might account for Kevin's differing phenotype from both of his parents?

dominant-recessive genes

Which of the following principles is demonstrated when one gene overrides the potential effect of a second gene?

dominant-recessive genes

According to Esther Thelen, motor behaviors are assembled for perceiving and acting. Her theory is called the ________ theory.

dynamic systems

A bidirectional view of evolutionism suggests that

environmental and biological conditions influence each other.

Men have a higher incidence of ________ chronic conditions, whereas women have a higher incidence of ________ chronic conditions.

fatal; nonfatal

Beginning in early childhood, girls have more ________ tissue than boys, and boys have more ________ tissue than girls.

fatty; muscle

Infants root in order to

find something to suck.

What skills involve movements such as buttoning a shirt or typing?

fine motor

Marta is developing new abilities, such as sitting and standing, but is not yet able to climb or ride on riding toys. Marta is in her

first year.

What component of the process of walking do infants first master?

forward stepping movement

All of a person's genetic material makes up the ________, whereas the ________ consists of only observable characteristics.

genotype; phenotype

Activities that use large muscles develop

gross motor skills.

James is going through puberty quite early. Research indicates that James is likely to

have a more positive self-image than his late-maturing peers during his freshman year of high school

During early adolescence, girls are generally ________ than boys.

heavier

In general, research indicates that the quality of nursing home care is

highly variable.

The chemical substances secreted by the endocrine glands that are carried by the bloodstream are known as

hormones.

Which part of the body is involved with eating and sexual behavior?

hypothalamus

Physical growth in middle and late childhood occur

in a slow, consistent manner.

According to the proximodistal growth pattern, which of the following is likely to show growth earlier?

legs and arms

In a human body, all cells except the sperm and egg reproduce by a process called

mitosis.

The scientific perspective on infant reflexes has changed over time to suggest

more deliberation and control on the part of the infant.

Rodin and Langer (1977) conducted a study in which one group of nursing home patients was given increased control over daily routines, while another group was not. The main finding in this study was that

more perceived control improved the lives of the patients.

Joe is a late-maturing boy. Considering only this factor, how will his self-identity in his 30s likely compare to the self-identity of his early-maturing peers?

more positive

People who have hemophilia or fragile-X syndrome are

mostly males.

Some species are better adapted to their environment in a way that helps them survive and reproduce, while other species do not adapt well and die. This process is called

natural selection

Evolutionary psychology holds that

natural selection favors certain behaviors that increase reproductive success.

Infants start to be able to walk

only after they are able to balance on one leg long enough to swing the other leg forward and shift their weight without falling.

Which of the following involves an extensive loss of bone tissue?

osteoporosis

Angela describes her friend as tall and slender with blue eyes and red hair. She is describing her friend's

phenotype

You notice that Lou's eyes are a unique shade of green. You have observed his:

phenotype

Which part of the body controls growth and regulates other glands?

pituitary gland

Peer pressure has been found to increase the rate all of the following health-compromising factors EXCEPT

poor parental guidance.

Baltes holds that natural selection operates

primarily during the first half of life.

What is the brain-neuroendocrine process that stimulates the rapid physical changes of early adolescence known as?

puberty

Menarche occurs during what part of puberty?

rather late during puberty

Janice strokes the cheek of newborn Robby. He turns his head toward that cheek and opens his mouth. This is an example of the ________ reflex.

rooting

If a mother wants to reduce the risk of her child developing wheezing symptoms and asthma, she should

stop smoking.

In addition to aerobic activity and stretching, gerontologists recommend ________ for older adults.

strength training

Baby Kassie can slap the tray of the highchair but cannot pick up small pieces of cereal with her fingers yet. This is an example of

the proximodistal pattern in physical growth.

Samantha lives in the United States and was 14½ years old when she experienced menarche. Samantha is

within the normal range.

Fertilization results in the formation of a(n)

zygote.