Linux Certification CompTIA Group 1
If a system administrator needs to kill or restart a particular application on a shared system, which command does the administrator use in order warn everyone on the system of the impending application shutdown?
wall (The administrator uses the wall (write all) command to send a message to all users. Using mail will work, but is not a speedy method of sending messages to all users. The telinit command is not a method of sending messages. The shutdown command warns users of an impending system shutdown.)
Where on the file system is Upstart's list of configuration files kept?
/etc/init (The Upstart configuration files are kept in the /etc/init directory.) -Key word: configuration -/etc holds configuration files of all kinds
In which directory are the main system services start and stop scripts located?
/etc/init.d (The /etc/init.d directory holds all system services start and stop scripts. The /etc/services file lists system services and their corresponding Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and User Datagram Protocol (UDP) ports. The /etc/system and /var/init.d directories do not exist.)
Which file does a system administrator edit to change the default runlevel of a system that uses the Upstart init system?
/etc/init/rc-sysinit.conf (The system administrator edits the /etc/init/rc-sysinit.conf file to set the default system runlevel.)
Using the cat /proc/partitions command provides you with a quick look at which information?
Partitions and sizes (Displaying the contents of /proc/partitions provides you with a quick look at partitions and their sizes.)
Which two environment variables does the Upstart init daemon set?
RUNLEVEL and PREVLEVEL (The two Upstart environment variables are RUNLEVEL and PREVLEVEL.) -The two levels, before [pre] and after [run]
Section 2
Section 2
Section 3
Section 3
The /etc/systemd directory contains which type of files?
Service configuration files (The /etc/system directory contains service configuration files.)
Which task must a system administrator perform in order to replace a coldplug device?
Shut down and power off the system (To replace a coldplug device, the system must be shut down and powered off.)
Onto which of the following drives can a user NOT install Linux?
Tape drive (A user cannot install Linux onto a tape drive. Tape is not bootable in Linux and therefore cannot sustain an operating system. Tape drives are far too slow to support any kind of usable system.)
Although most Linux systems no longer have them, which mass storage devices use a streaming media type?
Tape drives (Tape drives use streaming tape to store and to retrieve data for the system. Tape drives were once installed in almost every system. Today, they're used only for archival backups, but are quickly becoming extinct like the once ubiquitous floppy drive.) -Floppy drive (pretty much extinct) -DVD (endangered) -tape drives (pretty rare) and streaming
Boot loaders interact with which part of the computer system in order to load the operating system?
The Basic Input-Output System (BIOS) (Boot loaders interact with BIOS and utilize subroutines to load the operating system. This process occurs prior to the kernel addressing a file system or launching the init process. The boot loader does not interact with the disk controller.)
Where should a system administrator look to begin troubleshooting problems that appear to be hardware related?
The Basic Input-Output System (BIOS) (The first location a system administrator should look in when troubleshooting hardware problems is the system BIOS. In the BIOS, the administrator can selectively enable and disable on-board hardware, change the boot order, and perform a factory reset on all settings.) -Input and output relate to hardware and computer interaction; the mediator
During the boot process, the system displays a list of available operating systems to boot. If the user does not respond to the prompt, what happens?
The default operating system loads. (If a user does nothing, the default operating system loads.)
If the runlevel is set to 5 in the inittab file, what happens?
The graphical user interface launches. (Runlevel 5 is the runlevel for the graphical mode, and the user's chosen desktop manager launches. Runlevel 6 reboots the system. Runlevels 2 and 3 launch the command line interface.)
Which of the following statements about GRand Unified Bootloader (GRUB) 2 is FALSE?
The grub.cfg file is directly editable. (The grub.cfg is NOT directly editable. The menu.lst in GRUB Legacy was directly editable.) -Most of the time you shouldn't directly edit critical files that contain the command name in it (but that's just a guess to help learn the answer)
The init process is also known as what?
The parent of all processes (Init is also known as the parent of all processes. The Linux kernel initializes prior to the init process. The GNOME display manager, or gdm, is a graphic interface. The remote shell daemon is a subprocess of init.) -Once the parent is ready, everyone else is ready -The second to last step for booting
Which part of the computer checks for the Basic Input-Output System (BIOS) program and then executes it?
The processor (The processor checks for the BIOS program and then executes it. This is the first step in the boot process.)
Which user on a system has the privilege or permission to issue the reboot or the shutdown command?
The root user only (Only the root user has the permission or privilege to issue a reboot or a shutdown on a system.)
What happens if a system administrator presses the c key at the GRand Unified Bootloader (GRUB) menu?
The system drops to a command prompt. (If an administrator presses the 'c' key at the GRUB menu, the system will open or drop to a command prompt. The command prompt allows the administrator to enter commands prior to booting the system.)
What happens when the root user issues the halt -p command?
The system shuts down and powers off. (The halt -p command means that the system will shut down and power off immediately, without prompting any user.)
How many different components does a boot loader use to systematically load the operating system in stages? How many different main components does a boot loader use to systematically load the operating system in stages?
Three (There are three main components that work together to load the operating system in stages: The boot sector program, the second stage boot loader, and the boot loader installer.)
What is the purpose of the modprobe command?
To add or to remove modules from the kernel (The modprobe command adds or removes kernel modules on a system. It does not scan, test, or search for modules.) -only modifies
Which of the following is NOT a role of the master boot record (MBR)?
To launch the user environment (The MBR does NOT launch the user environment. The user environment is launched by the init process.)
What is the main function of the boot sector program?
To load the second stage boot loader (The main function of the boot sector program is to load the second stage boot loader. The second stage boot loader contains the kernel loader. The POST occurs before the boot sector portion of the boot process. Booting a live CD/DVD distribution is a function of the second stage boot loader.) -The second time brings the kernel -Another one bites the dust
What is the primary purpose of so-called mass storage devices?
To provide fast access to large amounts of data in a small, reliable package (The primary purpose of mass storage devices is to provide fast access to large amounts of data in a small, reliable package. Mass storage is not disposable. Archiving is one purpose, but not the primary purpose. Some mass storage is green, but providing green technology is not the primary purpose.)
Which of the following is NOT determined by the command: cat /proc/cpuinfo?
Total system memory (The /proc/cpuinfo file contains information about the system's CPU(s). It does not contain information about the system's memory.)
Which Linux distribution currently uses the Upstart init daemon?
Ubuntu (The Ubuntu distribution uses the Upstart init daemon. All others listed use systemd.) -Up Ub great for dyslexia -UbuntuUpstart
The ELILO boot loader is a boot loader for which type of computer?
Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI) (The ELILO boot loader is for computers that use UEFI, instead of CSM, EFI, or BIOS.) -Elilo uefi: sounds like another language
What is the primary difference between Upstart and the traditional SysVinit system?
Upstart is event-based rather than runlevel-based. (Upstart is event-based rather than runlevel-based. It is more of an automated system, does not track runlevels, and is not dependency-based.) -Ups only when an event is started -UpeventStart
As the final part of the boot process and after the user logs into the system, what happens?
User profile and login scripts run. (The user's profile and login scripts run to complete the boot process.)
Which log file is especially important to check during troubleshooting of boot problems?
boot.log (The boot.log is a good place to start when searching for problems that occur during the boot process. There are no logs named startup.log or booterr.log. The lastlog checks who was logged in, usually to correlate a problem with the user who was logged in at the time.) -Log because it's a log file, and boot because it's during boot process, so it gives boot problems
Which command would a system administrator run to display the IRQs used on a system?
cat /proc/interrupts (The cat /proc/interrupts command displays a system's interrupts (IRQs) and their associated resources. The /proc/meminfo file shows system memory information. /proc/resources and /proc/irqs do not exist.)
Which Linux system services auto-mount compact disc/digital video disc read-only memory (CD/DVD-ROM) disks and Universal Serial Bus (USB) hardware?
dbus (The Desktop Bus, or dbus, system is responsible auto-mounting CD/DVD-ROM disks and USB hardware. The umount command unmounts mounted devices. The udev device manager manages the automatic detection and configuration, but not the mounting, of devices. The /dev directory contains device drivers for hardware.) -The Desktop Bus, or dbus, is an interprocess communication (IPC) system designed to standardize service provided by Linux desktop environments. -standardize, set automatic, set auto -NOT AUTO DETECTION
Which of the following commands provide a human readable output of disk space?
df -h
Which command parses the dmesg file?
dmesg (The dmesg command parses the dmesg file. The err_reader and msg_note commands do not exist. The last command parses the lastlog file.)
Which log file collects information about the status of various hardware devices on the system during kernel initialization?
dmseg (The dmesg file collects information on the status of various hardware devices during kernel initialization. The messages file records non-critical system messages. The user.log file contains information about all user level logs. The daemon.log file records information about background daemons that run on the system.) -dmseg sounds like dstatus -daemon log pertains to daemons only
To provide commands to the GRand Unified Bootloader (GRUB) boot loader, which key does a system administrator press when presented with the GRUB boot menu?
e (The administrator presses the e key to edit. None of the other options has relevance at the GRUB menu.) -e for edit -GBUBe grube grubedit
Which of the following is an option on the GRand Unified Bootloader (GRUB) Recovery Menu?
fsck Check all file systems (The fsck Check all file systems choice is the option available on the GRUB Recovery Menu.) -GRUB gives you the option to felton all file systems -the heck with all
One of the functions of the /etc/inittab file is to instruct the init process to start the user environment in the default runlevel of 3. Which entry below has the correct syntax to set the default runlevel in the /etc/inittab file?
id:3:initdefault: (The correct entry for the /etc/inittab default runlevel of 3 is id:3:initdefault:.)
The X display manager (xdm), GNOME display manager (gdm), and KDE display manager (kdm) all depend on which program for launching one of them?
init (The launch of one of the graphical display managers (xdm, gdm, or kdm) depends on the init program. Using initrd loads an initial root file system into memory. The .login file loads the user's environment information for the csh or the tcsh. The .bash_profile is the program containing user-specific settings for the bash.) -init is the graphical part of the startup process -the managers are all display managers, aka graphical, so they pertain to the init program
Which file does the init program search for during boot?
inittab (The init program searches for the inittab file during boot. The initrd is the initial ramdisk for loading a temporary root file system into memory. The initctl is the init process control tool. The init-checkconf is a tool for checking upstart scripts for errors.) -keeping tab during boot -tab is during boot
Which command properly stops a particular process with a process ID (PID) of 1234?
kill -15 1234 (The kill -15 1234 command and kill -SIGTERM command are gentle kills in that they allow the process to terminate normally without losing or corrupting data. The kill -9 and kill -SIGKILL commands are both harsh kill command signals and should be used only when other kill commands do not work. The kill -HUP command is a hangup or restart command and does not terminate the process except momentarily to restart it.)
If a process with a process ID (PID) of 6543 is hung and cannot be terminated normally, which command should a system administrator issue to kill the process?
kill -9 6543 (The correct method to kill this hung process is to issue the kill -9 6543 command or the kill -SIGKILL command. These commands do no save data. The kill -15 and kill -SIGTERM commands are both gentle termination commands and often will not work on a hung process. Using killall -9 6543 is not correct syntax for the killall command—killall requires the process name and not the PID.)
Which of the following is NOT a method for halting a system?
killall -9 (The killall -9 command will NOT shut down a system.)
Which of the following handles the automatic detection and configuration of hardware devices such as sound cards and Universal Serial Bus (USB) drives?
udev (The device manager udev manages the automatic detection and configuration of hardware devices. The dev and sys elements are actually part of the Linux directory structure, where /dev contains hardware and software device drivers and /sys contains information about hotplug hardware devices. The Desktop Bus, or dbus, is an interprocess communication (IPC) system designed to standardize service provided by Linux desktop environments.)
Which of the following is another term for a boot loader?
Boot Manager (The boot loader is also sometimes referred to as the boot manager. The boot menu is the GRand Unified Bootloader (GRUB) menu. The kernel is the operating system core. The master boot record is where the boot loader is copied.)
If a system administrator edits the GRand Unified Bootloader (GRUB) menu boot options by entering a space and the number 1 after a standard GRUB entry, what does this entry instruct the boot loader to do?
Boot to runlevel 1 (Placing a space and a 1 after a standard GRUB menu entry boots the system to runlevel 1. There is no option for single disk booting. Booting to the graphical interface is runlevel 5. The number of virtual consoles cannot be manipulated at boot time.) -Grub relates to runlevels
The lsusb command's output is similar to which of the following?
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 001 Device 005: ID 0bda:0111 Realtek Semiconductor Corp. Card Reader Bus 002 Device 002: ID 0b38:0010 Gear Head 107-Key Keyboard Bus 002 Device 004: ID 147a:e00d Formosa Industrial Computing, Inc. Bus 002 Device 005: ID 093a:2510 Pixart Imaging, Inc. Optical Mouse (The lsusb command displays information about the system's Universal Serial BUS(USB) buses and attached USB devices. The other choices show output from lsmod, output from lspci, and output from lscpu.) -Don't forget the B in USB means BUS!!!
A computer is set up to boot to Linux or to Windows with Windows set as the default selection. How does a user boot into Linux?
By manually selecting Linux at the boot menu (The user would boot into Linux by manually selecting it from the boot menu. Rebooting multiple times will not change which system boots by default. There are no operating system choices in BIOS. The user could change the boot order in Windows, but doing so is unnecessary and risky.)
How are runlevels tracked in systems that use Upstart init?
By telinit or shutdown (Runlevels are tracked by the runlevel event generated by telinit or shutdown.)
Which type of drive is becoming a legacy (outdated) technology in favor of larger media types such as Universal Serial Bus (USB) flash drives?
Digital video disc (DVD) drive (DVD drives are becoming legacy devices and are rarely seen in Linux server hardware. The replacement technology is the portable and much greater capacity USB flash drive.)
Prior to installing Linux on a system, a technician should check the system's hardware against the hardware compatibility list (HCL). If the technician finds that Linux does not support a particular integrated component or built-in feature, what action does the technician take to ensure a smooth installation?
Disable the components or features in the Basic Input-Output System (BIOS) (The technician should disable the components or features in the BIOS. If the components are disabled, they will not show up in the system scan during installation and will not stop or complicate installation. Upgrading the system's BIOS will only help enable newer features, not support the existing ones. Replacing old components is usually not possible because the components are integrated into the motherboard. Installing an older Linux version makes the problem worse because drivers for newer hardware and features did not exist at the time the older version was released.)
How often is the boot process repeated?
Each time the computer is started (The boot process occurs every time the computer is started.)
Which of the following editors does the GRand Unified Bootloader (GRUB) menu most resemble in functionality?
Emacs (On the GRUB menu screen, after entering edit mode, the instructions inform the user that "Minimum Emacs-like screen editing is supported." The vi editor is a standard *nix editor, but is not supported for GRUB editing. Pico is an editor supplied with Pine. The nano editor is an independent clone of the Pico editor—neither of which is supported for GRUB editing.) -E snacks on Grubs -Emacsgrubs
After editing GRand Unified Bootloader (GRUB) boot options, how does one accept the changes and continue booting the system?
F10 (To resume the boot process after editing GRUB options, the administrator presses the F10 key. Esc would return to the menu, discarding any changes made. Ctrl+Alt+Del would reboot the system, discarding changes. Ctrl+B has no effect.) -Escape would not save changes -Not the same as the VI editor
The du command displays which type of resource information?
File sizes
What is the physical location of the master boot record (MBR) on the hard disk?
First physical sector (The MBR occupies the first physical sector on a hard drive.)
Which type of drive usually connects to a computer system via a Universal Serial Bus (USB) port?
Flash drive (Flash drives connect via USB ports. These drives are typically small in physical size, but may have large storage capacities, sometimes exceeding that of the system's internal hard drive.)
Which type of drive is typically NO LONGER FOUND in Linux systems?
Floppy drive (Floppy drives are legacy technology and are no longer found in contemporary systems. They are too small to hold enough data to satisfy contemporary computers, plus they were very slow forms of storage.)
How many major divisions does the Linux boot process have?
Four (The eleven-step boot process is a series of sequential steps that has been divided into four major sections: Basic Input-Output System (BIOS) initialization, boot loader, kernel and init initialization, and boot scripts.)
What does the acronym GRUB stand for?
GRand Unified Bootloader (The GRUB acronym stands for GRand Unified Bootloader.)
Which of the following is the latest version of the current Linux boot loader?
GRand Unified Bootloader (GRUB) 2
Which of the following is NOT one of the major boot process divisions or sections?
Graphical Interface
Which feature of systemd allows systems to boot faster?
Greater concurrency (Greater concurrency is the feature that enables the systemd init process to start multiple programs at the same time for faster boot. The ext4 file system is more efficient, but has little to do with faster boot times. Runlevel targets affect the system only after it has booted. The initrd would not improve boot times, but would be positively affected by improved boot times.) -Concurrency means happening at the same time -Multiple programs booting at the same time speeds up process
Most server systems have which type of hotplug devices
Hard disk drives (Hotplug or hot swappable hard drives are very common in server systems.)
Where does the user select which kernel to boot?
In the GRand Unified Bootloader (GRUB) menu (The user may select any listed kernel from the GRUB menu on boot.)
Where does a system administrator alter the boot device order?
In the system's Basic Input-Output System (BIOS) (The only location where the boot device order can be altered is in a system's BIOS.) -Because input and output means devices, and the question is asking for device order editing
Which of the following is NOT true of the init process?
Init is responsible for maintaining security patches. (nit is NOT responsible for maintaining security patches for a system.) -security is just not init's thing -FALSE: Init is responsible for maintaining security patches. -All of the following are TRUE: Init is the parent of all processes. Init manages the runlevel of a system. Init is the system and session manager.
What does the acronym "initramfs" stand for?
Initial RAM File System (The Initial RAM File System (initramfs) is the successor to the initrd (Initial RAM disk).) -It's got RAM in it
Where does the Linux installer place the boot loader?
Into the master boot record (MBR) (The Linux installer places the boot loader—GRand Unified Bootloader (GRUB) 2—into the MBR.) -Can't have boot loader without the MBR, the boot loader is in MBR (probably false but I'm using it for the sake of memorization)
What part does the kernel play in the Linux operating system?
It is the core of the operating system. (The kernel is the core of the operating system. It contains system-level commands. It manages file system access, memory, processes, devices, and all resource allocation.)
What is the advantage of enabling all integrated peripherals compatible with Linux?
It reduces the cost of purchasing and adding new components (The advantage of onboard, integrated peripherals is that it saves the user money by not requiring the purchase of new hardware. If the integrated peripherals are supported by Linux, there's no reason to purchase additional components. There is no advantage in installation in terms of speed or efficiency to use onboard, integrated peripherals or to use installed ones. Integrated peripherals might require non-free drivers to support them.)
The poweroff command is not a command at all, but is a link to which command?r
reboot (The poweroff command is a link to the reboot command. The halt command is also a link to the reboot command. The shutdown command will halt the system, but is not a link from poweroff. The stop command is a symbolic link to the initctl command.)
Which command allows a system administrator to view running services, manage (enable/disable) services to run at boot or in the current session, determine the status of these services, and manage the system runlevel?
systemctl (The systemctl command allows a system administrator to change runlevels, list installed unit files and their statuses, and manage services. Systemd is a replacement for SysVinit and Upstart in some Linux distributions. It allows for greater concurrency (starting programs at the same time for quicker boot) and reduces shell overhead. The runlevel command displays the current runlevel. Sysinit is a coding feature and not a command.)
Which of the following systemd commands changes the current runlevel to use the graphical user interface?
systemctl isolate graphical.target (The correct command syntax is systemctl isolate graphical.target to set the current runlevel to graphical user interface mode.)
Which of the following commands sets the default runlevel to multi-user mode with no graphical interface for a Linux distribution that uses systemd init?
systemctl set-default multi-user.target (The correct syntax to set the default runlevel to multi-user with no graphical interface is systemctl set-default multi-user.target.)
Which init daemon replaced SysVinit for Red Hat-based distributions?
systemd (The systemd init daemon replaced the SysVinit init daemon for all Red Hat and Red Hat-based distributions. Upstart is the init daemon for Ubuntu systems. SysV-style init is the same as SysVinit. The telinit command changes the current runlevel for a system.)
Which command do system administrators use to dynamically change the runlevel, for example from runlevel 2 to runlevel 3?
telinit (The telinit command is used to change runlevels dynamically (without rebooting). The kill command stops processes, but cannot change a runlevel. The runlevel command displays the current runlevel. The telnet command is a deprecated method of connecting to remote systems.)
Which command syntax does a system administrator use to reboot a system using the telinit command?
telinit 6 (The telinit 6 syntax reboots a system, whereas telinit 0 halts a system, telinit 1 places the system into single user mode, and telinit 5 places the system into graphical user mode.)
Which file system directory contains resource information?
/proc (The /proc directory or proc file system contains text files that hold resource information. The /etc directory holds system configuration information. The /usr directory holds files pertaining to and usable by system users. The /mnt directory is a temporary mount point for external resources.) -Doesn't exist until directory is typed in -Information about various processes running on your system, as well as system information -what's up proc? proc has resources!
Which directory on a systemd init system holds the unit files?
/usr/lib/systemd (The system unit files are located in the /usr/lib/systemd directory.)
Which directory holds all system log files?
/var/log (The /var/log directory holds all system log files and should be the first location that an administrator checks when troubleshooting problems that occur during boot.) -Make sure you study what the different directories mean!!
What is the init daemon's process ID (PID)?
1 (The init process always has a PID of 1.) -Init daemon is one of the 1st things to start up, hence the 1
The systemd multi-user.target corresponds to three different SysVinit runlevels. Which three?
2, 3, and 4 (The systemd multi-user.target corresponds to runlevels 2, 3, and 4. Systemd makes the distinction among these three targets by prefacing the multi-user.target with a runlevel, such as runlevel3.multi-user.target.)
What is the default size of the boot sector program?
512 bytes (The boot sector program has a fixed size of 512 bytes.)
What does the recovery mode option on the GRand Unified Bootloader (GRUB) menu provide to a system administrator?
A Recovery Menu of options (The recovery mode on the GRUB menu loads a Recovery Menu that displays multiple options for working with the system.) -Self explanatory
Which of the following is an example of a hotplug device?
A server power supply (Server systems have hotplug power supplies that can be removed and replaced with the system still powered on, because they also have redundant power supplies. As long as one power supply powers the system, another may be removed.)
When is the boot process complete?
After the user logs in to the system and drops to a prompt (The boot process is complete after the user logs in to the system and is dropped to a prompt. At this point, the boot process has completed and the system is ready for user input. The login screen is near the end, but the user's profile and start scripts still have yet to run. After the components have displayed on the screen, then the system starts the configured runlevel. The boot menu appears very early in the boot process, prior to choosing an operating system to boot into.) -Cuz it may not be graphical, but there has to be some user interaction
Which systemd feature provides better isolation for processes?
Control Groups (The systemd feature that provides better process isolation is Control Groups that track processes instead of process IDs (PIDs). Concurrency and parallelization are the same feature, meaning to start processes simultaneously or in parallel, rather than sequentially. Quick boot is the result of concurrency.) -You use CONTROL GROUPS in an experiment to isolate the variable and results
During the boot process, what does the kernel do after mounting the root partition?
It releases unused memory. (After the kernel mounts the root file system, it releases unused memory. It then executes the init program to initiate the appropriate user environment, which might or might not include the graphical user interface, depending on the runlevel. It does not create a rescue volume or recompile itself—recompiling is a manual task performed by the root user.) -After choosing a space [the partition] it leaves the rest available for other use
When troubleshooting boot problems, where should a system administrator look during the analysis phase of troubleshooting?
Log files (System administrators know to look at log files to search for clues to a problem. None of the other locations will help troubleshoot a boot problem.) -Log files keep track of issues -Check the log for clues -Especially with a boot problem
It is possible to install Linux without certain external peripherals attached. For example, installing Linux in "headless" mode means installing Linux without which peripheral connected?
Monitor (Headless means without a connected monitor. This is a standard method of installing Linux server systems. Linux systems require some sort of media for installation such as a hard disk, a Universal Serial Bus (USB) drive, or a digital video disc (DVD) drive.)
Which of the following is not an example of a Linux boot loader?
NT Loader (NTLDR) (The NTLDR is the legacy Windows NT boot loader for systems up to and including Windows XP and Windows Server 2003.) -Only one not having to do with Linux -Actually windows instead
Which command would a system administrator use to display information about a system's central processing unit (CPU)?
lscpu (The lscpu command displays a report of all CPUs and features. The lsmod command lists loaded modules. The lsdev command lists installed hardware components. The lsusb command lists all Universal Serial Bus (USB) devices. previous)
Which command produces output similar to the following?: Architecture: x86_64 CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit Byte Order: Little Endian CPU(s): 2
lscpu (The lscpu command produces output related to the system's central processing units (CPUs). The lspci command produces output related to the system's Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) devices. The lsmod command displays a list of loaded modules. The lsusb command displays a list of all Universal Serial Bus (USB) devices.)
Which command produces output similar to the following?: 0:00.0 RAM memory: NVIDIA Corporation MCP61 Memory Controller (rev a1) 00:01.0 ISA bridge: NVIDIA Corporation MCP61 LPC Bridge (rev a2) 00:01.1 SMBus: NVIDIA Corporation MCP61 SMBus (rev a2) 00:01.2 RAM memory: NVIDIA Corporation MCP61 Memory Controller (rev a2) 00:02.0 USB controller: NVIDIA Corporation MCP61 USB 1.1 Controller (rev a3) 00:02.1 USB controller: NVIDIA Corporation MCP61 USB 2.0 Controller (rev a3) 00:04.0 PCI bridge: NVIDIA Corporation MCP61 PCI bridge (rev a1)
lspci (The lspci command produces output related to the system's Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) buses and the devices attached the PCI buses. The lscpu command produces output related to the system's central processing units (CPUs). The lsmod command displays a list of loaded modules. The lsusb command displays a list of all Universal Serial Bus (USB) devices.) -Random hardware stuff (or whatever Peripheral Component Interconnect means)
Which file in GRand Unified Bootloader (GRUB) Legacy corresponds to the grub.cfg file in GRUB 2?
menu.lst (The GRUB Legacy menu.lst file corresponds to the GRUB 2 grub.cfg file for boot menu entries.) -GRUB needs a menu with the LIST of menu choices
Which systemd target corresponds to the SysVinit runlevel 3?
multi-user.target (Runlevel 3 corresponds to the multi-user.target systemd target, whereas graphical.target is runlevel 5, rescue.target is runlevel 1, and reboot.target is runlevel 6.) -Runlevels: 0 halt system 1 single user 2, 3, 4 multiuser 5 multiuser 6 reboot
