Lipids

H H H O I I I II H-C-C=C-C-C-C-OH I I I I I H H H H H

Unsaturated fatty acid

lipids

Lipids are one of four classes of biochemical compounds, which are compounds that make up living things and carry out life processes. (The other three classes of biochemical compounds are carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids.) Living things use lipids to store energy. Lipids are also the major components of cell membranes in living things. Types of lipids include fats and oils.

carbohydrate

Monomers and polymers of aldehydes and ketones that have multiple hydroxyl groups attached.

H H H H H O I I I I I II H-C-C-C-C-C-C-OH I I I I I H H H H H

Saturated fatty acid

which statements are true about phospholipids a) phospholipids are special molecules that have both polar and nonpolar parts b) phospholipids contain only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, the same components as all other lipids c) phospholipids are an essential components of cell membranes in living organisms d) phospholipids are completely hydrophobic, or water hating since they are nonpolar molecules

a and c

which statements are true about saturated fatty acids? a) saturated fatty acids contain as many hydrogen atoms as possible given the number of carbon atoms in the structure b) saturated fatty acids are found mostly in the liquid oils produced by plants c) saturated fatty acids contain several double bonds between carbon atoms d) saturated fatty acids contain only single bonds between carbon atoms

a and d

saturated fat

a fat that consists of triglycerides whose carbon chains consist entirely of carbon-carbon single bonds, so that all carbons in the chain are bonded to as many hydrogens as possible (i.e. saturated with hydrogen).

energy

ability to do work

which statements are TRUE about lipids a) they are unhealthy and should be avoided for a healthy diet b) they are important biochemical compounds that are essential for many living organisms c) they are used only by animals to store energy d) they can come in the form of solids fats or liquid oils

b and d

fats are a type of _____ called lipids

biochemical compound

What substance(s) are present in all lipids?

carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

fatty acids

chains of carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms

Which part of a nutritional label gives information about the lipids in food?

fats

what are the two types of lipids

fats and oils

saturated fatty acids

have the maximum number of hydrogen atoms possible and no double bonds

a certain fatty acid is known to be unsaturated. what is known about its chemical structure

it contains at least one double and/or triple bond between carbon atoms

can you name some lipids that are fats? what are some lipids that are oils?

lipids that are fats include butter and the fats in meats. lipids that are oils include olive and vegetable oil

phospholipids

lipids that contain phosphorus as well as carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Two layers phospholipid molecules make up the cell membrane of living things.

oils

liquid lipids that plants use to store energy

nucleic acids

organic compound, such as DNA or RNA that is made of monomers called nucleotides

t/f Phospholipids are an essential component of cell membranes in living organisms.

true

t/f lipids can be liquid at room temperature

true

which type of lipid is most likely to be found in high concentrations in olive oil

unsaturated fatty acids

How are phospholipids arranged?

One end of each phospholipid molecule is polar, so it has a partial electric charge. Water is also polar and has electrically charged ends, so it is attracted to the oppositely charged end of a phospholipid molecule. This end of the phospholipid molecule is described as hydrophilic, which means "water loving." The other end of each phospholipid molecule is nonpolar and has no electric charge. This end of the phospholipid molecule repels polar water and is described as hydrophobic, or "water hating."

Both the saturated and unsaturated fatty acid molecules have six carbon atoms and two oxygen atoms. How many hydrogen atoms does each fatty acid molecule contain? What else is different about the two molecules?

The saturated fatty acid molecule has 12 hydrogen atoms. This is as many hydrogen atoms as can possibly be bonded to carbon atoms in this molecule. The unsaturated fatty acid molecule has 10 hydrogen atoms, or two less than the maximum possible number. The saturated fatty acid has only single bonds between its carbon atoms. The unsaturated fatty acid has a double bond between two of its carbon atoms.

protein

peptide that is greater than 100 amino acids in length

which type of lipid is most likely to be found in high concentrations of plants and animals

phospholipids

what unique property of phospholipids allows some substances to pass through cell membranes while keeping other substances out?

phospholipids are polar on one side and nonpolar on the other, allowing them to form a double layer that can only be crossed by certain substances

fats

solid lipids that animals use to store energy