Lippert: Chapter 11 Elbow Joint

a. If you put your hand on the anterior surface of your arm, you would be touch what muscle? b. placing your hand on the posterior surface is over what muscle? c. touching the lateral forearm is touching what muscle?

a. biceps b. triceps c. brachioradialis

Name the ligaments that stabilizes a. the lateral side of the elbow. b. the medial side of the elbow. c. the radius and allows it to rotate.

a. lateral, or radial, collateral ligament b. medial, or ulnar, collateral ligament c. annular ligament

Name the muscles involved in elbow flexion

biceps, brachialis, brachioradialis

name the muscles involved in forearm supination

biceps, supinator

Name the muscles of the elbow joint

brachialis, brachioradialis, biceps, supinator, triceps, anconeus, pronantor teres, pronantor quadratus

Name the muscles of the elbow and forearm (8)

brachialis, brachioradialis, biceps, supinator, triceps, anconeus, pronator teres, pronator quadratus

To which bone must a muscle attach to do forearm supination or pronation?

Radius, because it is the radius moving around the ulna that produces these motions

elbow dislocation

caused when a great deal of force is applied to an elbow that is slightly flexed causing the ulna to slide posterior to the distal end of the humerus.

What positions would you put the upper extremity in to achieve a. active insufficiency of the biceps? b. passive insufficiency of the biceps?

a. shoulder flexion, elbow flexion, forearm supination b. shoulder hyperextension, elbow extension, forearm pronation

medial epicondylitis

aka golfer's elbow, is an inflammation of the common flexor tendon that inserts into the medial epicondyle. It is an overuse condition that results in tenderness over the medial epicondyle and pain on the resisted wrist flexion.

Pulled elbow

aka nursemaid's elbow seen in children under 5 who have experienced a sudden strong traction force on the arm. the force causes the radial head to sublux out from under the annular ligament

Lateral epicondylitis

aka tennis elbow, is a very common overuse condition that affects the common extensor tendon where it inserts into the later epicondyle of the humerus. The extensor carpi radialis brevis is particularly affected. It is common in racquet sports and other repetitive wrist extension activities.

Little League elbow

overuse injury of the medial epicondyle, usually caused by a repetitive throwing motion. It is seen in young baseball players who have not reached skeletal maturity. The throwing motion places a valgus stress on the elbow, causing later compressoin and medial distraction on the joint.

concave-convex rule

the convex joint surface moving in a direction opposite to the movement of the body segment and the concave joint surfacing moving in the same direction as the body segment

Which muscles connect the humerus and ulna?

Anconeus, triceps and brachialis muscles

In terms of the elbow and forearm joints, identify the following: Name of the bones involved: Forearm: Elbow:

Forearm: radius and ulna Elbow: radius, ulna, humerus

In terms of the elbow and forearm joints, identify the following: Joint motion allowed: Forearm: Elbow:

Forearm: supination, pronation Elbow: flexion, extension

In terms of the elbow and forearm joints, identify the following: Number of axes: Forearm: Elbow:

Forearm:1 Elbow:1

In terms of the elbow and forearm joints, identify the following: Shape of joint: Forearm: Elbow:

Forearm:pivot Elbow:hinge

anconeus Origin: Insertion: Action: Nerve:

Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus Insertion: lateral and inferior to olecranon process of ulna Action: not a prime mover in any join action; assists in elbow extension Nerve: radial nerve (C7, C8)

supinator Origin: Insertion: Action: Nerve:

Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus and adjacent ulna Insertion: anterior surface of the proximal radius Action: forearm supination Nerve: radial nerve (C6)

brachioradialis Origin: Insertion: Action: Nerve:

Origin: lateral supracondylar ridge on the humerus Insertion: styloid process of the radius Action: elbow flexion Nerve: radial nerve (C5, C6)

triceps Origin: Insertion: Action: Nerve:

Origin: long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula later head: inferior to greater tubercle on the posterior humerus medial head: posterior surface of humerus Insertion: olecranon process of ulna Action: elbow extension Nerve:radial nerve (C7, C8)

pronator teres Origin: Insertion: Action: Nerve:

Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process of ulna Insertion: lateral aspect of radius at its midpoint Action: forearm pronation, assistive in elbow flexion Nerve: median nerve (C6, C7)

The only part of the triceps that crosses the shoulder joint is

Long head of triceps

biceps brachii Origin: Insertion: Action: Nerve:

O: Long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula Short head: coracoid process of scapula I: radial tuberosity of radius A: Elbow flexion, forearm supination N: musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6) during supination, the biceps muscle contracts and essentially "unwraps" or "untwists" the forearm

Brachialis Origin: Insertion: Action: Nerve:

O: distal half of humerus, anterior surface I: coronoid process and ulnar tuberosity A: elbow flexion N: musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6) "workhorse of the elbow joint"

pronator quadratus Origin: Insertion: Action: Nerve:

Origin: distal one-fourth of ulna Insertion: distal one-fourth of radius Action: forearm pronation Nerve: median nerve (C8, T1) horizontal line of pull

Is forearm pronation or supination a stronger action? Why?

Supination because of the biceps

Which muscles connect the scapula to the ulna and/or radius?

The biceps (supraglenoid tubercle to radial tuberosity) and long of head of triceps (infraglenoid tubercle to olecranon process of ulna)

Which muscles of the elbow and/or forearm are two-joint muscles?

The biceps and long head of the triceps muscles

Which elbow or forearm muscles do not attach to the humerus?

The pronator quadratus, biceps, and long head of the triceps muscles

If you were handed an unattached model of an ulna, how could you orient landmarks to determine on which side of the body it belonged?

The trochlear notch at the superior end faced anteriorly, the radial notch at the same end faces laterally, and the styloid process at the inferior end is on the medial side.

supracondylar fractures

most common fracture in children and caused by a fail on an outstretch hand. the distal end of the humerus fractures just above the condyles. the great danger of this fracture as well as the elbow dislocation is the potential damage to the brachial artery because of the close proximity. this can lead to Volkmann's ischemic contracture, a rare but potentially devastating ischemic necrosis of the forearm muscles.

name the muscles involved in forearm pronation

pronator teres, pronator quadratus

In a closed-chain activity, does the humeral joint surface move in the same or opposite direction as the forearm?

same direction

elbow joint

the articulation of the humerus with the ulna and radius. On the humerus, the trochlea articulates with the trochler notch of the ulna and the capitualum articulates with the head of the radius

Name the muscles involved in elbow extension

triceps

elbow is a ____axial ____ joint. Normal ROM and end feel for flexion and extension

uniaxial hinge joint flexion: soft 0-135 extension: firm 135-0