Living with Art - Chapter 6

All paper was handmade until what century?

19th century

The process of papermaking is known to have been around at least as early as the ________.

2nd century B.C.E.

What is a pigment?

A coloring material made from various organic or chemical substances.

What are pastels?

A drawing medium consisting of sticks of color made of powdered pigments & a relatively weaker binder.

What is metalpoint?

A drawing technique in which the medium is a fine metal wire.

What is silverpoint?

A drawing technique in which the metal employed is silver.

What is added to graphite powder to produce various qualities of lines?

Clay

Traditionally the preparatory ground of a metalpoint drawing is made of which materials?

Combination of bone ash, glue, & white pigment.

What is paper?

Derived from the Latin word papyrus - is made from plant fibers, beaten to a pulp, mixed with water, then spread in a thin layer over a fine mesh surface and left to dry.

What are the two groups of drawing media?

Dry media & liquid media

Why is drawing considered to be an especially intimate form of artistic expression?

It is often used by artists as a form of private note-taking.

What materials are commonly used in collages?

Magazines, newspapers, wallpaper, & fabric.

Why is metalpoint not widely used today?

Mistakes are not easily changed or erased.

What are some important concepts of Leonardo da Vinci artistic styles?

Sketches & studies reveal importance of his work. Consideration placed on the anatomy & movement of his subjects. Strong influence on Italian Renaissance artists.

pigment & water

ink

requires ground, or a preliminary coat of paint

metalpoint

The tip on a pen is called a

nib

metal, reeds, or quills

nibs

graphite

pencil

invented as a tool for technical drawing

rapidograph

Before it can be used, paper must be ________, or treated to make it less absorbent.

sized

The process of papermaking was invented by who?

the Chinese

Who brought the papermaking technique to Christian Europe?

the Muslim people

ink diluted with water

wash

What is a wash?

Ink or watercolor paint diluted in water & applied with a brush.

What is charcoal made from?

Charred wood

What is a rapidograph?

A metal-tipped instrument that channels a reservoir of ink with a fine, even, unvarying line.

What are crayons primarily made of?

A mixture of powder pigments & a wax or oil based binder.

What is graphite?

A soft, crystalline form of carbon first discovered in the 16th century. A naturally occurring drawing medium.

What is a binder?

A substance in paints that causes particles of pigment to adhere to one another & to a support.

What do drawing inks consist of?

A ultrafine particles of pigment suspended in water and a binder such as gum arabic to hold the particles in suspension & help adhere to the drawing surface.

Who was Leonardo da Vinci?

A well known Italian Renaissance artist, architect, musician, mathemetician, engineer, and scientist. Known for the Mona Lisa.

What is the method of execution that blurs the definition of drawing & painting?

Brush & Ink

What qualities characterize a rapidograph?

Fequently used in architectural plans and produces precise mechanical lines.

What is a collage?

French for "glue" or "paste", the practice of pasting shapes cut from various realworld sources of paper.

What is papier colle?

French for "pasted paper", made of paper

What is dry media?

Generally applied directly in stick form. As a stick is dragged over a suitably abrasive surface, it leaves particles of itself behind.

What is liquid media?

Generally applied with a tool such as a pen or brush.

What are some of the materials commonly used in dry media?

Graphite Metalpoint Charcoal Crayon, Pastel, & Chalk

What is Leonardo da Vinci known for?

Groundbreaking contributions to painting techniques, anatomy, optics, and mathematics.

Which medium characterizes Edgar Degas artwork, The Singer in Green?

Pastels

What are some of the materials commonly used in liquid media?

Pen & Ink Brush & Ink

What is the main focus of Leonardo da Vinci's work?

Portraits, religion, and the natural world.

What are some of the characteristics of pastel?

Produces richly pigmented velvety lines. Available in a full range of colors. A borderline medium - somewhere between drawing & painting.

What is ground?

The first layer of 'paint' on a support that provides a smooth surface and stops absorption by the support.

charred wood

charcoal

clay & pigment with a greasy binder

conte crayon

Natural charcoal...

creates a soft, scattered line that smudges easily and can be erased with a few flicks of a cloth.