Logic Chapter 2 and Chapter 3

Think up 3 analogous terms that are not in the book and then write below.

3 analogous terms that are not in the book are bar, door, and wire.

Think up 3 equivocal terms that are not in the book and then write below.

3 equivocal terms that are not in the book are table, pool, and break.

Think up 3 univocal terms that are not in the book and then write below.

3 other univocal terms that are not in the book are vice scripts, trashcan, and geology.

Think up and then write a sentence expressing logical supposition not in the book.

A sentence expressing logical supposition that is not in the book is 'Animal' has four notes.

Think up and then write a sentence expressing material supposition not in the book.

A sentence expressing material supposition that is not in the book is 'Chair' is a five-letter word.

Think up and then write a sentence expressing real supposition not in the book.

A sentence expressing real supposition that is not in the book is Houses are made by humans.

What are the three ways that terms can be divided according to their signification?

According to their signification, terms can be divided by univocal terms, equivocal terms, and analogous terms.

Give an example of logical supposition mentioned in the section you read for today.

An example of logical supposition mentioned in the section is 'Man' has five notes.

Give an example of material supposition mentioned in the section you read for today.

An example of material supposition mentioned in the section is 'Man' is a three-letter word.

Give an example of real supposition mentioned in the section you read for today.

An example of real supposition mentioned in the section is Man was created by God.

In what are analogous terms commonly used?

Analogous terms are commonly used in our language, poetry, and literature.

What are analogous terms?

Analogous terms are terms that are applied to different things but have related meanings.

With what did Chapter 1 deal?

Chapter 1 dealt with the definition of simple apprehension.

With what did Chapter 2 deal?

Chapter 2 dealt with the properties of simple apprehension.

What does Chapter 2 discuss?

Chapter 2 discusses the properties of simple apprehension

With what did Chapter 3 deal?

Chapter 3 dealt with the properties of term.

What is the definition of 'comprehension'?

Comprehension is the completely articulated sum of the intelligible aspects, or elements (or notes)represented by a concept.

Distingush between comprehension and extension.

Comprehension tells us what the essence of a thing is while extension tells us the things to which that essence applies.

What are equivocal terms?

Equivocal terms are terms that, although spelled and pronounced exactly alike, have entirely different and unrelated meanings.

Draw lines between the term and the corresponding definition: -Equivocal Terms -Univocal Terms -Analogous Terms -terms that have exactly the same meaning no matter when or how they are produced -terms that, although spelled and pronounced exactly alike, have entirely different and unrelated meanings -terms that are applied to different things, but have related meanings.

Equivocal terms are terms that, although spelled and pronounced exactly alike, have entirely different and unrelated meanings. Univocal terms are terms that have exactly the same meaning no matter when or how they are produced. Analogous terms are terms that are applied to different things, but have related meanings.

What are some examples of univocal term mentioned in the section you read for today?

Examples of univocal terms from the section are photosynthesis, anthropology, the second law of thermodynamics, table saw, Phillips head screwdriver, drill bit.

True or false: Analogous terms have entirely different and unrelated meanings.

False. Analogous terms have related meanings. Equivocal terms have entirely different and unrelated meanings.

True or false: Comprehension and extension are the two properties of terms.

False. Comprehension and extension are the two properties of simple apprehension or concepts. Signification and supposition are the two properties of terms.

True or false: Equivocal terms have related meanings.

False. Equivocal terms have entirely different and unrelated meanings. Analogous terms have related meanings.

True or false: Many analogous terms are scientific terms.

False. Many analogous terms are used all the time. Many univocal terms are scientific terms.

Material supposition occurs when a term refers to something that exists in the real world.

False. Material supposition occurs when a term refers to something, as it exists verbally.

True or false: Porphyry once said that man is a "featherless biped."

False. Plato once said that a man is a "featherless biped."

True or false: The concept 'man' has greater comprehension than the concept 'animal'.

False. The concept 'animal' has greater comprehension than the concept 'man'.

True or false: The concept 'man' has greater extension than the concept 'body'.

False. The concept 'body' has greater extension than the concept 'man'.

True or false:The concept 'man' has four notes.

False. The concept 'man' has five notes, which are rational, sentient, living, material, and substance.

True or false: The term 'photosynthesis' is an example of an equivocal term.

False. The term 'photosynthesis' is an example of a univocal term.

True or false: The term 'window' is an example of an equivocal term.

False. The term 'window' is an example of an analogous term.

True or false: The three ways to divide up terms according to their signification is into verbal, mental, and real existence.

False. The three ways to divide up terms according to their signification is into univocal, equivocal, and analogous terms. The three ways to divide up terms according to their supposition is into verbal, mental, and real existence.

True or false: The two properties of simple apprehension are concept and extension.

False. The two properties of simple apprehension are comprehension and extension.

When a term refers to real existence, it is said to be an instance of material supposition.

False. When a term refers to real existence, it is said to be an instance of real supposition.

What does the term 'equivocal' mean if you translate it literally from the Latin?

If you translate equivocal literally from the Latin it means equal voice.

What does the term 'univocal' mean if you translate it literally from the Latin?

If you translate univocal literally from the Latin, it means one voice.

Why is it important to know about univocal, equivocal, and analogous terms?

It is important to know about univocal, equivocal, and analogous terms so you know how to use the terms which is important in using logic properly.

What is logical supposition?

Logical supposition is when a term refers to something, as it exists logically.

In what are many equivocal terms used?

Many equivocal terms are used in puns.

Many univocal terms are what kind of terms?

Many univocal terms are scientific terms or have to do with manufacturing.

What is material supposition?

Material supposition is when a term refers to something, as it exists verbally.

Fill out the chart below showing the three aspects of logic: Mental Act - - - Verbal Expression - - -

Mental Act -Simple Apprehension -Judgment -Deductive Inference Verbal Expression -Term -Proposition -Syllogism

Fill out the chart below, listing the mental acts and their corresponding verbal expressions in the order in which we have covered them: Mental Act - - - Verbal Expression - - -

Mental Act -Simple Apprehension -Judgment -Deductive Inference Verbal Expression -Term -Proposition -Syllogism

What is real supposition?

Real supposition is when a term refers to something, as it exists in the real world.

Draw lines between the term and the corresponding definition: -Real supposition -Logical supposition -Material supposition -occurs when a term refers to something, as it exists verbally -occurs when a term refers to something, as it exists logically. -occurs when a term refers to something, as it exists in the real world.

Real supposition occurs when a term refers to something, as it exists in the real world. Logical supposition occurs when a term refers to something, as it exists logically. Material supposition occurs when a term refers to something, as it exists verbally.

Define the following terms 'sentient', 'material', and 'substance'.

Sentient means that it has senses. Material means that it has a body. Substance means that it is something rather than nothing.

True or false:Simple apprehension is an act by which the mind grasps the concept or general meaning of an object and affirms or denies something about it.

Simple apprehension is an act by which the mind graps the general meaning of an object without affirming or denying anything about it.

What are some examples of analogous terms mentioned in the section you read for today?

Some examples of analogous terms mentioned in the section are window, wheel, and wooden.

What are some examples of equivocal terms mentioned in the section you read for today?

Some examples of equivocal terms mentioned in the section are pitcher, plane, and jar.

Choose something from your surrondings at home and tell both its comprehension and its extension.

Something from my surrondings at home is a desk. The comprehension of the concept desk is a material substance that is nonliving. The extension of the concept desk is all desks that existed in the past, exist now, and will exist in the future.

Was Plato's definition correct, technically speaking?

Technically speaking, Plato's definition is correct.

What is the definition of term?

Term is a word or group of words, which verbally expresses a concept.

What are the 3 ways we can divide up terms according to their supposition?

The 3 ways we can divide up term according to their supposition is by verbal existence, mental existence, or real existence.

What does Porphyry's invention help us do?

The Porphrian Tree helps us break down a complex concept into the simple concept out of which it is made.

What is the answer to the question "What is the extension of the concept 'animal'?"

The answer to the question "What is the extension of the concept 'animal'?" is "All the animals (including men, lions, dogs, fish, insects, etc.) that have ever lived, are now living, and that ever will live."

What is the answer to the question "What is the extension of the concept 'man'?"

The answer to the question "What is the extension of the concept 'man'" is "All the men who have ever lived, who are now living, and who will live in the future."

Give the comprehension of the concept 'automobile'.

The comprehension of the concept automobile is a material substance that is nonliving.

Is the concept 'chair' simple or complex?

The concept 'chair' is simple.

Is the concept 'man' simple or complex?

The concept 'man' is complex.

How many notes does the concept 'animal' have?

The concept animal has 4 notes, which are sentient, living, material, and substance.

Which concept has greater extension, 'man' or 'animal'?

The concept animal has greater extension than the concept man.

Which concept has greater extension, 'man' or 'body'?

The concept body has greater extension than the concept man.

How many notes does the concept 'man' have?

The concept man has five notes, which are rational, sentient, living, material, and substance.

Which concept has greater comprehension, 'man' or 'animal'?

The concept man has greater comprehension than the concept animal.

Which concept has greater comprehension, 'man' or 'body'?

The concept man has greater comprehension than the concept body.

What is the diagram invention by the third-century logician Porphyry called?

The diagram invention by the third-century logician Porphyry is called the Porphyrian Tree.

Give the extension of the concept 'automobile'.

The extension of the concept automobile is all automobiles that existed in the past, exist now, and will exist in the future.

What was the philosopher Plato's tongue-in-cheek definition of 'man'?

The philosopher Plato's tongue-in-cheek definition of 'man' is a featherless biped.

What is the problem with Plato's definition?

The problem with Plato's definition is that it would still not tell us what a man is.

What is the second of the two properties of simple apprehension we studied in this chapter?

The second of the two properties of simple apprehension that we studied in this chapter is the property of extension.

What are the simple concepts we use to define a complex concept called?

The simple concepts that we use to define a complex concept are called notes.

What are the two properties of simple apprehension?

The two properties of simple apprehension are comprehension and extension

What are the two properties of term?

The two properties of term are signification and supposition.

If we affirm or deny something about a concept, we are going beyond simple apprehension to judgment.

True

In the sentence "Man was created by God", the term 'man' is an example of real supposition.

True

The terms 'concept' and 'simple apprehension' mean the same thing.

True

The three aspects of logic are simple apprehension, judgment, and deductive inference.

True

True or false: Equivocal terms are used in puns.

True

True or false: If something is sentient, that means that it is something rather than nothing.

True

True or false: Sense perception is the act of seeing or hearing or smelling or tasting or touching.

True

True or false: The concept 'animal' has greater extension than the concept 'man'.

True

True or false: The concept 'man' has greater comprehension than the concept 'body'.

True

True or false: The concept 'man' is complex.

True

True or false: The term 'jar' is an example of an equivocal term.

True

True or false: The three ways terms can be divided according to their signification are univocal, equivocal, and analogous.

True

True or false: Univocal terms always mean the same thing.

True

When a term refers to mental existence, it is said to be an instance of logical supposition.

True

When we have a simple apprehension of a thing, we grasp the thing's essence.

True

What are univocal terms?

Univocal terms are terms that have exactly the same meaning no matter when or how they are used.

Using the Porphyrian Tree, explain how you find the number of notes in the concept 'chair'.

Using the Porphyrian Tree, you find the number of notes in the concept chair by thinking if it is material or nonmaterial substance, it is material so you then ask what kind of material substance it is(Is it living material substance or non-living material substance?) A metal chair is a non-living material substance so you could say it has 2 notes, which are material and substance.

Using the Porphyrian Tree, explain how you find the number of notes in the concept 'man'.

Using the Porphyrian Tree, you find the number of notes in the concept man by asking whether it is material or nonmaterial. Since it is material, you then ask whether it is living or nonliving. Since it is living, you ask whether it is sentient or nonsentient. Since it is sentient, you ask whether it is rational or non rational. Since it is rational it has 5 notes, which are rational, sentient, living, material, and substance.

Using the Porphyrian Tree, explain how you find the number of notes in the concept 'animal'.

Using the Porphyrian Tree, you would find the number of notes in the concept animal by asking if it a material or nonmaterial substance. Since it is material, you ask whether it is a living or nonliving substance. Since it is living, you ask whether it is sentient or not sentient. Since it is sentient, you ask whether or not it is rational or not. Since it is not rational it has 4 notes, which are sentient, living, material, and substance.

Using the idea of comprehension, what is the answer to the question "What is a man?"

Using the idea of comprehension, the answer to the question "What is a man" is "A rational,sentient, living, material substance."

Using the idea of comprehension, what is the answer to the question "What is an animal?"

Using the idea of comprehension, the answer to the question "What is an animal" is "A sentient, living, material substance".

The greater the comprehension a concept has, the _______ extension it has; and the more extension it has, the ________ the comprehension.

less less

In this chapter, we discussed the two properties of ________.

term