LSCS-Tomball, BIOL 2402 (Exam 1)

Plasma composes about ___________ percent of the whole blood, and water composes _________ percent of the plasma volume.

55; 92

When a person who lives at sea level vacations in the Rocky Mountains, you would expect

A drop in oxygen levels; the release of erythropoietin; a rise in hematocrit

In which of the following would you expect the blood level of bilirubin to be elevated?

A person suffering from hemolysis and an alcoholic with a damaged liver

Metabolites exchange by diffusion with the tissues and the cells in which location?

Capillary

What is not a way that blood transports materials around the body?

Carbon dioxide from the lungs to the tissues

The term used to describe fluid collecting in the pericardial cavity that restricts the movement of the heart is known as

Cardiac tamponade

The blood vessel that supplies blood to the liver, stomach, and spleen is the

Celiac trunk

_______ involves a cascade of reactions leading to the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin

Coagulation

The first blood vessels to branch from the aorta are the

Coronary arteries

The right atrium receives blood from the

Coronary sinus, superior vena cava, inferior vena cava

The superior vena cava collect blood from the

Head, chest, and upper limbs

Which of the following vitamins is needed for the formation of clotting factors?

K

Pulmonary arteries carry blood to the

Lungs

What is not a component of the cardiovascular system?

Lymph vessels

The space between the pleural cavities containing only the heart, great vessels, thymus, trachea, and esophagus is called the

Mediastinum

The posterior lobe of the pituitary is also known as the

Neurohypophysis

The enzyme that can digest fibrin and dissolve a clot is

Plasmin

A person's blood type is determined largely by the

Presence of specific glycoproteins on the cell membrane

Contractions of the papillary muscles

Prevent the atrioventricular valves from reversing into the atria

The pituitary hormone that stimulates milk production by the mammary glands is

Prolactin

The hormone oxytocin

Promotes uterine contractions, is responsible for milk expression from the mammary glands, rises during sexual arousal

What breaks the rule that arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart?

Pulmonary arteries

The wall of the left ventricle is thicker than the right because

The left ventricle does more work than the right ventricle; the left ventricle pumps against greater resistance to the right ventricle; the left ventricle produces a higher pressure than the right

Most of the protein factors that are required for clotting are synthesized by

The liver

The average lifespan of a red blood cell is

4 months

Formed elements make up about what percentage of blood?

45%

The total volume of blood in the body of an adult male is approximately _________ liters.

5 to 6

The pituitary hormone that causes the kidney to reduce water loss is

ADH (antidiuretic hormone)

The common iliac artery branches off of the

Abdominal aorta

Which of the following is false concerning monocytes?

About the same size as basophils

Hemolytic disease of the newborn may result if

An Rh negative mother carries an Rh positive fetus

_________ is a condition in which the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood is reduced

Anemia

Hematology can detect

Anemia, clotting disorders, diminished erythropoiesis, infection

Bill wants to determine his blood type so he takes a few drops of blood from a puncture wound in his finger and mixes it with various antisera. His blood cells agglutinate when mixed with the anti-A sera but not with the anti-B or anti-D. This means

Bill could receive type A-negative blood in a transfusion; Bill could donate blood to an individual with type AB blood; Bill is Rh negative; Bill's plasma contains B anti-bodies

The vein that is formed from the fusion of the subclavian with the internal and external jugulars is the

Brachiocephalic vein

The _______ divides the aorta into the thoracic aorta and the abdominal aorta

Diaphragm

The ligamentum arteriosum is the remnant of the fetal

Ductus arteriosus

Veins of the brain empty into

Dural sinuses

The level of erythropoietin in the blood would rise due to all of the following except

During periods of fasting

The ___________ Lines the chambers of the heart, covers the heart valves, and is continuous with the endothelium.

Endocardium

The functional organization of the nervous system parallels that of the _____________ System in many ways.

Endocrine

The adrenal medulla produces the hormones

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

Which of the following hormones increases production of red blood cells?

Erythropoietin

The yellow color that is visible in the eyes and skin in jaundice results from

Excessive amounts of Bilirubin in the plasma, extensive breakdown of RBCs, Destruction of hemoglobin

A plasma protein essential for blood coagulation is

Fibrinogen

More than 95% of the protein in a red blood cell is

Hemoglobin

Nutrients from the digestive tract enter the

Hepatic portal vein

The blood vessel that supplies venous blood to the liver is the

Hepatic portal vein

___________ are chemical messengers that are released in one tissue and transported in the blood stream to alter the activities of specific cells and other tissues.

Hormones

The most complex endocrine responses that integrate the nervous and endocrine system involve the

Hypothalamus

Plasma proteins essential in body defense are the

Immunoglobulins

All of the following are true of neutrophils except that they are

Important in coagulation

The atrioventricular valves permit blood flow

In one direction only

The parathyroid glands produce a hormone that

Increase the level of calcium ions in the blood

The pancreatic hormone that causes blood sugar levels to fall is

Insulin

The foreman ovale in the fetal heart is located in the

Inter-atrial septum

Blood from the brain returns to the heart through the

Internal jugular vein

Thyroid hormone contains the element

Iodine

Which of the following statements concerning red blood cells is false?

Red cells are about 18üm in diameter

Blood is pumped into the pulmonary circuit from the

Right ventricle

The hypothalamus controls secretion by the anterior pituitary by

Secreting releasing and inhibiting factors into a tiny portal system

Aged and damaged erythrocytes are broken down by macrophages in the

Spleen, liver, bone marrow

The blood vessel that supplies blood to the pancreas, the small intestine, and most of the large intestine is the

Superior mesenteric artery

The fusion of the brachiocephalic veins forms the

Superior vena cava

The pituitary hormone that triggers the release of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland is

TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone)

The testes produce

Testosterone

Branches off the aortic arch include

The brachiocephalic trunk, the left subclavian artery, the left common carotid artery.

Near the carotid sinus,

The common carotid divides into an internal and an external branch

Blood is supplied to the myocardium by

The coronary arteries

The hormone that plays a pivotal role in setting the metabolic rate and thus impacting body temperature is

Thyroxine

what are the functions of the blood?

Transport of nutrients and waste, transport of body heat, transport of gases, defense against toxins and pathogens.

What is the innermost layer of a blood vessel?

Tunica intima

The layer of the arteriole wall that can produce vasoconstriction is the

Tunica media

The vessel that passes through the transverse foramina of the cervical vertebrae is the

Vertebral vein

A cancer of the white blood cells is called

leukemia