Lucas Chapter 9

Erika is writing a speech to persuade her audience that pollution resulting from discarded single-use bags can be reduced by individual and legislative action. Which of the following are potential solutions to the amount of pollution resulting from single-use bags?

1. Consumers should bring reusable bags to the store to carry groceries. 2. State lawmakers should consider adding taxes to single-use bags. 3. City- or state-wide bans of single-use bags would discourage business owners from stocking them.

Which of the following main points use parallel wording with the first main point "Origami is the Japanese art of paper folding"?

1. Origami is usually done with a type of paper called kami. 2. Origami includes many popular designs, such as paper cranes.

Why is important for a speech to be well organized?

1. The speaker's coherence affects the listener's perception of the speech. 2. Unlike reading a text, the audience cannot reread parts to better understand the message.

Which of the following statements are true concerning the main points of a speech?

1. They are the central features of the speech. 2. They should be worded precisely. 3. They should be arranged strategically.

How many main points should classroom speeches contain?

2 to 5

Which of the following statements is an example of an effective internal preview?

In discussing why buying local is a good choice, we'll look first at how it benefits the environment and second at its benefits for the economy.

Alexi's speech is intended to convince his listeners that he should be elected vice president of his class. Based on the breakdown of the time devoted to his main points, which of the following would fix the imbalance? I. I have a wide range of experience in organizations and student government. 20% II. Previous vice presidents have been less involved in actual change. 15% III. I want to increase the number of student parking spaces and increase funding for campus clubs. 65%

Increasing the time on spent on points I and II by 15% each and decreasing the time spent on point III by 30%.

What is the most important reason for limiting main points?

It is hard to adequately develop numerous main points in a short speech.

Timothee is planning a speech to persuade his audience that swimming is a healthy form of exercise. If he only wants two main points, which of these statements about swimming would best fulfill his specific purpose?

Swimming improves mental health and strengthens the whole body.

Following the strategy of keeping main points separate, Misha recognizes that he needs to divide the main point below to make two separate main points. If he chooses to make one of the main points "Donating a share of our profits to environmental agencies would improve our environmentally friendly image," which of the following would be the best choice for the other main point? Donating a share of our products' profits to environmental agencies would aid our environmentally friendly image, as would adding labels that we support environmental agencies.

Using labels naming the agencies we support would inform the consumer of our policy.

problem-solution order

a method of speech organization in which the first main point deals with the existence of a problem and the second main point presents a solution to the problem

topical order

a method of speech organization in which the main points divide the topic into logical and consistent subtopics

spatial order

a method of speech organization in which the main points follow a directional pattern (top to bottom, left to right, etc)

chronological order

a method of speech organization in which the main points follow a time pattern

internal preview

a statement in the body of the speech that lets the audience know what the speaker is going to discuss next. more detailed than transitions

internal summary

a statement in the body of the speech that summarizes the speaker's preceding point or points. remind listeners of what they just heard

transition

a word or phrase that indicates when a speaker has finished one thought and is moving on to another

signposts

brief statements that indicate exactly where you are in the speech (the first cause, the second cause, etc)

A speaker says, "Next, we will look at three important Civil War battles that took place in Tennessee. These are Shiloh, Nashville, and Franklin." This is an example of a(n)

internal preview

Alexa is writing a speech about four types of storms. What tip for writing main points did she forget to use in setting up the main points below? I. Hurricanes and tornadoes are storms with strong winds, but hurricanes occur along coastlines. II. Hailstorms are thunderstorms with strong updrafts. III. Ice storms are storms in which the air temperature is near freezing.

keep main points separate

The problem-solution pattern of organization for ordering main points is primarily used for ______ speeches.

persuasive

Which three of the following are most important to consider when deciding the order of main points in your speech?

topic, purpose, and audience

causal order

a method of speech organization in which the main points show a cause-effect relationship