LUOA 9th Grade World History II 5.18.2 Module 5 Test Review

Which city became the philosophical center of the Enlightenment?

Paris

One of the scholars most responsible for the elevation of reason above everything else during the Enlightenment was the French philosophe __________.

Rene Descartes

Because of the way French society was structured, which class of people was forced to pay most of the taxes?

The commoners

What is a coup d' etat?

A military takeover of the government

According to the Declaration of Independence, what are the "unalienable rights" that every person is born with?

All of these are correct

Which of the following describes the positive connection between Christianity and the scientific learning?

All of these are correct

Which of the following describes the positive contributions of the ancient Greek philosophers and why the Church adopted many of their ideas?

All of these are correct

Which of the following describes the positive legacy of the Enlightenment?

All of these are correct

Which of the following is an example of a positive contribution of the Enlightenment period?

All of these are true

Which doctor doubted some of the work of Galen and was able to dispel many ancient and medieval myths about the human body?

Andreas Vesalius

By the 1100 and 1200s, medieval learning began to change. The key event that transformed medieval thinking in Western Europe and led to the High Middle Ages was the rediscovery of the works _________, who believed that the material world was not inferior. These ideas influenced Western Europe and led to a growth of learning about the physical world, thus establishing the foundation for the Renaissance and the Scientific Revolution.

Aristotle

Which philosophe influenced the founders of the United States with his belief that government should have limited power and that power should be divided into three separate branches?

Baron de Montesquieu

Where was Napoleon born?

Corsica

Identify the two individuals who played a critical role in the developing the scientific method.

Descartes and Bacon

Which of the following correctly describes the crowning of Napoleon in 1804?

During the ceremony, Napoleon seized the crown from pope and placed it on his own head.

During the Enlightenment, Denis Diderot gathered much of the knowledge of the word into one work, which was called the ________.

Encyclopedie

Which country did Voltaire believe possessed an Enlightened form of government that France should copy?

England

Which country led the rest of Europe in scientific research and discovery during the 17th century?

England

Which English scientist criticized the methods of Plato and Aristotle for placing too much emphasis on theorizing while neglecting experimentation and observation?

Francis Bacon

Which language and culture was adopted by many royal courts across Europe during the Enlightenment?

French

Who believed that man has "killed" God by elevating reason and the human mind as the ultimate source of truth, thus making belief in God irrelevant?

Friedrich Nietzsche

After the first battle of the American War for Independence, the Continental Congress met a second time and created the United States Army and placed ___________ in charge of winning the war against Britain.

George Washington

What warning did Friedrich Nietzsche give in his Parable of the Madman?

He was warning mankind about the consequences of rejecting the existence of God.

Which statement means that people should doubt everything until it can be proven through reason and eventually became the defining principle of the Enlightenment?

I think, therefore I am

According to the Declaration of the Rights of Man, what is the cause of public disorder and government corruption?

Ignorance and disregard for the natural rights of the people

What's was Napoleon fatal military mistake that started his decline?

Invasion of Russia

Which philosophe believed emotion, feeling, and passion were just as important as reason?

Jean Jacques Rousseau

Which Enlightenment philosopher influenced the ideas found in the Declaration of Independence?

John Locke

Which philosopher argued that if rulers violate the natural rights of the people then they have the right to overthrow their government?

John Locke

Which philosopher believed that all people are born with natural rights and that the government receives the power to rule from the people?

John Locke

Thomas Hobbes believed that government should wield absolute power like what powerful beast?

Leviathan

Who was the king of France during the French Revolution?

Louis XVI

Which radical Jacobin leader seized power in 1792, instituted the Reign of Terror, and wanted the king to be removed?

Maximilien de Robespierre

After years of chaos, the French were willing to give up the little freedom they had in exchange for order and stability. In November of 1799, the government was handed over to a French general, _________, who promised peace and prosperity. The French Revolution was over.

Napoleon Bonaparte

Which of the following is NOT a cause of the French Revolution?

Napoleon seizing control of France through a military takeover

Who developed the vaccination for small pox after conducting a series of experiments that included an eight-year-old boy and his 11- month-old son?

None of these are correct

Though the Church played a vital role in the preservation and expansion of learning during the Middles Ages, it possessed one weakness. The Church of the early Middle Ages was heavily influenced by the ideas of _____, an ancient Greek philosopher.

Plato

Which scientist is known as the father of modern chemistry and made important discoveries, such as that pressure increases or decreases based on the amount of gas present?

Robert Boyle

Which of the following best describes Britain's salutary neglect towards the American colonies?

The British allowed the colonists to largely govern themselves with minimum interference from the British throne. This hands-off policy allowed a healthy self-governance to take root and the colonies quickly began to prosper and grow under these conditions.

Which of the following best describes the result of the early medieval Church leaning too much on the ideas of Plato?

The Church came to the incorrect conclusion that if the material world is bad, then the goal is to avoid the material aspects of life as much as possible. This led many to withdraw from the world to monasteries to live a life of prayer and meditation.

The British decided to start taxing the American colonists after going into debt while waging which war during the 1750s and 1760s?

The French and Indian War

Outraged at what the National Assembly was trying to do, what blunder did the French king make in an attempt to protect his power?

The French king made the mistake of sending soldiers to arrest members of the National Assembly.

The Scientific Revolution was a result of what time period in history?

The High Middle Ages

What famous discovery was made by a French soldier during Napoleon's Egyptian campaign?

The Rosetta Stone

Influenced by the Word of God and the rediscovery of the works of Aristotle, the Scholastics, like Thomas Aquinas, Roger Bacon, and a host of others, fundamentally transformed the intellectual and cultural atmosphere of Europe. Their work laid the foundation for which important time period? [choose all that apply]

The Scientific Revolution The Age of Discovery The Renaissance

Which of the following are found in the National Assembly's, The Declaration of the Rights of Man?

The document embraced Enlightenment ideals like liberty, equality, and freedom of expression.

Which of the following describes an absolute monarchy?

The king or queen have no limits placed on their power.

What does the term divine right mean?

The king or queen receives the right to rule from God.

Which branch of government is responsible for making laws?

The legislative branch

Which event sparked the start of the French Revolution in 1789?

The storming of the Bastille

What was the response of the Continental Congress to the Coercive Acts in 1774?

They attempted to resolve the crisis peacefully by sending a letter to King George III, asking him to lift the Coercive Acts.

Why did French philosophes like Voltaire and Montesquieu, look to Britain for political ideas?

They believed that Britain's limited government with checks and balances should be copied in France.

Which of the following best describes the Jacobins?

They believed that the National Assembly hadn't gone far enough and wanted to remove the king and make France a republic.

When a scientist tests a hypothesis by conducting a series of experiments, this is which step in the scientific method?

Third

During the 1200s, which important theologian and scholar used the new popularity of Aristotle to argue that creation is good and worth understanding because it is the handiwork of a good Creator?

Thomas Aquinas

Who was the primary author of the Declaration of Independence?

Thomas Jefferson

On Christmas Day in 1776, a desperate Washington crossed the icy Delaware river and caught the British by surprise at the Battle of ______. This victory boosted the confidence of Washington's forces and saved the American War for Independence from failure.

Trenton

Where did George Washington earn the undying loyalty of his men because he endured what they endured (including starvation, freezing temperatures, and illness)?

Valley Forge

Which luxurious palace did the Louis XIV build that cost so much money, Louis had the receipts burned so that the commoners wouldn't find out how much of their tax money he was spending out of fear that they might rebel?

Versailles

Which famous philosophe possessed a combination of brilliance, wit, and brutal sarcasm and used his sharp mind and tongue to criticize anyone or any institution that set itself up against the values of the Enlightenment?

Voltaire

In 1815, Napoleon lost his final battle against the Duke of Wellington at the Battle of _______, in Belgium.

Waterloo

Which of the following best describes John Lock'es idea of tabula rasa?

When a person is born, their mind is a blank page, waiting for experience to write on it. There is no sinful nature and the perfectibility of mankind is possible.

Which doctor is known as the father of modern medicine, built on the ideas of Vesalius, and made several important discoveries about how the human heart works?

William Harvey

For hundreds of years, people had accepted Aristotle and Ptolemy's geocentric theory that the ____ was the center of the universe.

earth

Kepler discovered that the earth and planets orbit the sun in a(n) ________ path, which became one of the three laws of planetary motion.

elliptical

Though the ancient Greeks made many contributions to Western Civilization, their ideas about the material world were flawed. In contrast to the Greeks, the Bible presents the material world as originally good. Since it was created by God, it reflects His good character. the Bible does not identify evil with matter or with any other part of creation, but with _____, which twists and distorts God's originally good creation.

sin

What was the single most important institution in the preservation and expansion of knowledge in the Middle Ages?

the Church

Rene Descartes' belief system of, "I think, therefore I am," elevated ________ as the ultimate source of truth.

the human mind and experience

During the summer of 1776, the British abandoned Boston and attacked New York City, which fell to the British after George Washington's forces were defeated in battle. Meanwhile, the Continental Congress in Philadelphia officially declared America's independence from Britain on _______, 1776.

July 4

Who was the primary enemy standing in the way of Napoleon's master plan of conquering Europe?

Great Britain