M11 Nut

_____ is characterized by the development of unpleasant symptoms that consistently occur after the consumption of certain foods.

A food intolerance

Which woman is at the greatest risk of not developing a healthy placenta?

A woman with anorexia nervosa who is restricting her food intake

Identify the most important factor that can prevent chronic diseases to a great extent.

Adequate nutrition

Which of the following should be entirely avoided during pregnancy?

Alcohol

Which statement about the nutrient composition of breast milk is true?

Alpha-lactalbumin is the most abundant protein in breast milk.

The metabolic syndrome greatly increases the risk of developing:

CDV

Identify an advantage for a mother who breastfeeds her infant.

Conserving her iron stores for a few months after delivery

What is a good strategy to minimize your risk of CVD?

Consume more fruits and whole grains.

Which of the following statements is true regarding the nutrient intake of pregnant women?

During pregnancy, the iron requirement is so high that supplements are recommended.

An adolescent girl drinks diet colas instead of milk because she wants to control her weight. What advice would you give her to help her develop peak bone mass?

Eat high-calcium snacks such as low-fat yogurt or cheese in place of empty-calorie snacks.

Which of the following is a precaution to help prevent a child from choking?

Encouraging the child to sit when eating

Several strains of the _____ bacterium produce Shiga toxin, a particularly dangerous protein that can cause severe disease.

Escherichia coli

What should a woman who drinks a glass of wine with her dinner daily consider when she becomes pregnant?

Even a small amount of alcohol during a critical growth period can be damaging.

Which of the following nutrients is critical for preventing neural tube defects?

Folate

Identify a scientifically proven example of how nutrients in foods affect gene expression and disease development.

Folate and vitamin B12 supplements given during pregnancy have shown the gene silencing effect by transferring methyl groups.

Which of the following foods is preferred by children?

Foods that have a mild flavor

Which of the following factors in a child's life increases the likelihood of excessive weight gain?

Frequently consuming fried or sugary foods

Both the parents of your friend have heart disease. She is considering genetic profiling for herself so that she can see what changes she can make in her lifestyle to reduce her risk of developing the disease. What advice would you give her?

Genetic profiling can help her develop a personalized prevention program.

Which food is not an example of a cruciferous vegetable?

Green onion

Which recommendation is most appropriate to help a 6-year-old obese boy improve his health?

He should carry a refillable water bottle with him and drink water instead of soft drinks.

Which of the following conditions is associated with a reduced risk of CVD?

High HDL

Identify the hormone that is taken as daily injections to maintain blood glucose levels for type 1 diabetes.

Insulin

Which nutrient is required to produce key neurotransmitters that regulate children's ability to pay attention?

Iron

Which of the following is true of food neophobia often seen in infants and toddlers?

It is a fear associated with trying new types of foods.

Which of the following statements is true of anaphylactic shock?

It is a life-threatening food allergic reaction.

Which of the following statements is true of plaque?

It is a mass of microorganisms and their deposits on the surface of the teeth.

Which of the following statements is true of an epiphyseal plate?

It is a thick, cartilage-like layer that forms new cells that are eventually calcified, lengthening the bone.

Generally, how does the nutritional deprivation of a mother affect breast milk production?

It reduces the quantity of milk.

A woman who has just become pregnant is used to drinking 2 pots of coffee a day. What adjustments should she make in her caffeine consumption?

Limit coffee consumption to a maximum of 2 cups a day

Which of the following is a foodborne infection that can cause severe brain infection or death in a fetus or a newborn?

Listeriosis

Which of the following is not a symptom of type 2 diabetes?

Low blood glucose levels

Which of the following methods should be used to thaw frozen meats?

Meats should be defrosted by placing them in the refrigerator.

Which of the following food additives is used as a flavor enhancer?

Monosodium glutamate

Which of the following food additives is added to meat and meat products to preserve their color and prevent rancidity?

Nitrites

What is your strategy to reduce your intake of pesticide residues?

Peel waxed fruits and vegetables.

What is the root cause of most forms of CVD?

Plaque formation in the arteries

Identify the component of blood that primarily assists in the formation of clots.

Platelets

Kathy is 22 weeks pregnant. She develops blurred vision, constant headaches, upper abdominal pain, hypertension, edema, and protein in her urine. Which of the following conditions is Kathy suffering from?

Preeclampsia

Which of the following complications is likely to occur when a woman has uncontrolled high blood pressure during her pregnancy?

Preterm delivery

The most common mutations are _____, involving the variation of a single _____ in a strand of DNA.

SNPs; nucleotide

Identify the bacterium that causes foodborne infection as a result of eating contaminated eggs or poultry.

Salmonella

An elderly widower is having difficulty preparing meals and eating by himself. What advice would you give him?

Share your meals and time with others by inviting friends to dinner.

An elderly woman wants to begin an exercise program to keep herself healthy. What would you advise?

She should aim for 150 minutes of exercise or whatever she can safely perform each week.

Which of the following is a symptom of premenstrual syndrome?

Sore breasts

Which of the following is not a symptom of an allergic reaction?

Sudden increase in blood pressure

Which of the following statements is true of fetal alcohol syndrome?

The most severe impact caused by the intake of alcohol occurs during the first two months of pregnancy.

Why do adolescent girls require excess iron?

To support menstruation

An obese woman is trying to get pregnant with her first baby. What advice would you give her?

Try to achieve a healthy prepregnancy weight first.

An adolescent boy has developed extensive acne on his face and wants advice on how to help improve it. What should he do?

Try to reduce his stress level.

Which of the following is not found in human breast milk?

Vitamin D

Which statement is true of the pesticide levels in organic foods?

WRONG: Changing the diet from organic foods to conventionally grown foods has resulted in a gradual decline of pesticide ingestion.

Which of the following statements is true of gestational diabetes?

WRONG: Infants born to women suffering from poorly treated gestational diabetes have a low birthweight.

Which of the following is a long-term symptom of elevated blood lead concentrations in children?

WRONG: Suppressed immune system

What happens when the body fails to take up excess glucose from the blood

WRONG: The excess glucose from the blood gets stored in the adipocytes.

How does physical activity decrease the risk of CVD?

Wrong: It enhances the storage of glucose as glycogen in muscle, liver, and adipose tissue.

The main difference between infectious diseases and chronic diseases is that:

Wrong: unlike chronic diseases, infectious diseases are not related to the nutritional status of a person

At mealtimes, the best way to be sure children are receiving adequate nutrition from the foods they eat is to:

allow them to select from a variety of nutritious foods you have prepared

Children who skip breakfast:

are more likely to be overweight

What are the risks of hypertension during pregnancy?

both types increase the chance of heart attack and stroke

To prevent or relieve heartburn during pregnancy, you would recommend:

chewing food thoroughly

In the case of _____, which only enhance the appearance of foods without improving their health value or safety, no amount of risk may be deemed worth taking.

color additives

To avoid poisoning by toxins, you are well advised to:

consume a variety of foods in moderation

Jack's physician has placed him on a diet recommended for controlling blood cholesterol levels. In order to follow this plan, Jack would:

consume no more than 5 to 6% of calories as saturated fat

Dietary guidelines for cancer prevention include:

controlling energy intake

A person is at a minimum risk of getting a CVD if his or her:

diastolic blood pressure is 75 mm Hg

The stage of human gestation from eight weeks after conception until the birth of an infant is called a(n):

fetus

A young child who used to like bananas now gets nauseated if he has to eat them. This has happened ever since he fell ill two months ago from spinning on a carousel right after eating a banana in the playground. This would be an example of a:

food aversion

Heart disease is characterized by:

high blood VLDL cholesterol

Older adults should:

increase the intake of vitamin D

The best way to introduce new foods into a toddler's diet is to:

introduce the new foods at the beginning of the meal when the child is hungry

A woman has been taking large doses of aspirin for six months to reduce back pain due to arthritis. This is most likely to affect the absorption of _____.

iron

During pregnancy, consumption of certain types of fish is recommended as they are rich sources of:

omega-3 fatty acids

Population studies across the globe suggest that diets high in _____ promote the risk of colon cancer.

processed meat

All of the following are recommended for vegetarian women during pregnancy except:

protein supplements

If you want to make your own baby food at home, it is best to:

puree a small amount of cooked food that has not been seasoned

Normal, everyday causes of "hyper" behavior in children include all of the following except:

regular physical activity

The large ears of sweet corn available today are the result of:

selective breeding

The immune system responds to the damage to arteries because of atherosclerosis by:

sending white blood cells to the site to try repair the damage

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) must ensure that the U.S. food supply meets all of the following criteria except being:

sustainable

A 5-month-old infant's nutrient intake should include:

twice as much calcium as adults require based on the body weight

The best way to reduce the possibility of incidental contaminants getting into foods while microwaving is to:

use glass or ceramic containers for heating foods in the microwave

Exclusively breastfed babies need supplements of _____, but formula-fed babies do not require these supplements.

vitamin D