MacMillan Quizzes Ch. 13-15

Samantha is going on a blind date with John. How long will it take her to assess his physical attractiveness?

0.15 seconds

Dwayne is a Black man and Andrew is a White man. They often disagree on how they prefer women to look but agree on this waist-to-hip ratio.

0.70

Men are MOST attracted to women's bodies with a waist-to-hip ratio of:

0.70

Amanda and Monique are colleagues who are discussing features that they find attractive in a man. They are probably going to agree with a waist-to-hip ratio of:

0.90

In the United States today, around the age of _____, about 95% of people claim to have had sex before marriage.

45

Intimate, face-to-face interactions take place with about how many people?

6

Samantha is going to meet some of her friends. About how many people are likely to be there?

6

In Kunstman and Plant's (2008) study on racial discrimination and helping, what percentage of White college students came to the aid of a Black student?

70%

Identify what factor causes people who are in a good mood to be more prosocial.

A. People in good moods want to avoid guilt that may arise if they turn their back on people in need. B. People in good moods tend to see the best in others. C. Good moods are inherently rewarding. D. All of these are correct Correct Answer: D

In addition to empathy, what prosocial feeling(s) play(s) a role in motivating a tendency to help?

A. gratitude B. All of these are correct C. communal feelings D. guilt Correct Answer: B

Identify a characteristic of an altruistic personality.

A. the tendency to take personal responsibility for the welfare of others B. All of these are correct C. the tendency to experience empathy D. the tendency to take another person's perspective Correct Answer: B

Betina and Avery sit next to each other in class. Through casual conversation, Betina finds out that Avery has the same birthday as one of her cousins, whom she is close with. Betina now likes Avery and the two become friends. This supports the findings of:

Andersen and colleagues.

_____ found that a compliment from a stranger may have an impact on your self-esteem and increase your liking for the complimenter.

Aronson and Linder

_____ found that in some contexts, a compliment from a stranger is more influential than a compliment from a friend or spouse.

Aronson and Linder

_____ proposed that we have a long history of being complimented by a friend or romantic partner, so additional compliments are expected but do not affect us much.

Aronson and Linder

Lyla and Ken have been dating for quite some time now. Ken realizes that some of Lyla's characteristics are similar to his mother's. This supports the findings of:

Collins and Read.

_____ found in two studies that after a brief interaction, female participants high in dominance preferred a submissive partner and females high in submissiveness preferred a dominant partner.

Dryer and Horowitz

_____ found that for the traits of dominance and submission, complementarity contributes to attraction.

Dryer and Horowitz

_____ found that the personality traits participants reported caring about in a prospective romantic partner failed to predict how interested they were in others who had or did not have those qualities when they met them face to face.

Eastwick and colleagues

Gabriel's apartment is on the first floor, facing the courtyard, of the apartment complex. Janice's apartment is located adjacent to the complex pool. Michelle's apartment is facing the street and Tammy is located on the third floor. Who is likely to make MORE friends at the apartment complex?

Gabriel

_____ proposes that liking is highest for others when they increase their positivity toward someone over time.

Gain-loss theory

_____ coined the "Farrah factor."

Kenrick and Gutierres

Michelle is taking a sociology class with about 20 other students. Mark tends to sit in front of her. Samantha tends to sit behind her. Ledalis sits beside her. And Rebecca sits at the front of the classroom. Who is Michelle MOST likely to be friends with?

Ledalis

Brandon sits in the second row in his statistics course. Carli sits in front of him. Danielle sits beside Carli. Frank sits behind him and Leonard sits beside Brandon. Who is Brandon MOST likely to be friends with?

Leonard

Brian lives on the first floor of her apartment complex. Morrie lives on the second floor. The front door to Natalie's apartment faces the street. The door to Sarah's apartment faces the courtyard. Who is MORE likely to be lonely?

Natalie

_____ found that when men had more money available they found thinner women attractive more often than when they did not have much money available.

Nelson and Morrison

Mark and Othella are going on their first date. They plan to go to dinner and then a movie. When Mark picks up Othella, the sun is out and the weather seems perfect. They did not have to wait long at dinner and the service was great. The movie theater was not too crowded and the movie was good as well. Based on what you know about the reward model of liking, how will Othella view Mark?

Othella will think positive of Mark due to the events that happened

Celebrities such as Jessica Alba, Anne Hathaway, Katy Perry, Britney Spears, and Kate Winslet have had this applied to their images:

Photoshop manipulation.

_____ states that the more interactions we have with people close by, the more attentive to us they seem.

Proximity-liking effect

_____ is a mechanism for regulating behavior to acquire the tangible or intangible resources necessary for survival and well-being.

Psychological need

_____ give(s) people a set of rules and restrictions that help regulate behavior. Priming this can increase prosocial behavior.

Religious values.

Rowena and Joseph recently married. Based on what you know about transference, what can you predict about Rowena?

Rowena has a caregiving style similar to Joseph's mother.

Brenda lives on the first floor of her apartment complex. Michael lives on the second floor. The front door to Ned's apartment faces the street. The door to Stacey's apartment faces the courtyard. Who is likely to make MORE friends at the apartment complex?

Stacey

_____ is a phenomenon in which a person who witnesses another in need is less likely to help when there are other bystanders present to witness the event?

The bystander effect

Marcia and Stephanie are close friends. Based on what you know about facial preferences, how likely are they to agree that James is attractive?

They will likely agree if he is attractive or not.

A study of Playboy centerfolds from 1953 to 2001 showed a preference for:

a slender look and a lower bust-to-waist ratio.

Rebecca and Abby are close friends. Which personality trait of Abby's would be MOST preferred by Rebecca?

agreeableness

Which trait was described in the text as being related to prosocial behavior?

agreeableness

The desire to help another purely for the other person's well-being, regardless of whether we derive any benefits, is referred to as:

altruism.

Pauline is participating in an experiment where she is asked about the frequency of her prosocial behaviors and how much she relates to a woman suffering in a video that she is shown. What are the experimenters MOST likely trying to study?

altruistic personality

Trisha is participating in an experiment in which she is asked to fill out questionnaires about social responsibility, empathy, and moral reasoning. What are the experimenters MOST likely trying to measure?

altruistic personality

In addition to an increase in prosocial behaviors because of similarity, differences in race can actually make an individual less likely to help a person in need. What is this called?

aversive racism

Physical attractiveness is important in many cultures because when we date attractive people, other people see us more positively than if we dated unattractive people. This reflects:

basking in reflected glory.

Research posits that people who feel compassion for others feel _____ about themselves.

better

Research has found that the _____ the city, the _____ likely people are to help.

bigger; less

People who report helping for intrinsic reasons show higher levels of:

both empathy and connection with others.

According to Milgram, people living in dense urban areas are exposed to:

both noise pollution and greater stimulation.

Kelsea feels very connected to her family. She thinks of her parents and her brother and sister as a team who shares what they have. It could be said that Kelsea has a(n) _____ regarding her family.

communal orientation

Roberta is always willing to give money to her close friends because she draws a thin line between what truly belongs to her and what belongs to them. It could be said that Roberta has a _____ regarding her friends.

communal orientation

Which term describes how people often look at things when in a close relationship?

communal orientation

The Dalai Lama stated, "If you want others to be happy, practice _____. If you want to be happy, practice _____."

compassion; compassion

Which political group is MOST likely to withhold public assistance to people who they view as responsible for their own predicament?

conservatives

Mary has close relationships with her spouse and children. She can expect to experience all of the following EXCEPT:

decreased immune system

Sheri is sitting on a crowded beach where she observes someone grab a person's wallet off of a beach towel. Which of the following has occurred if Sheri assumes someone else will step in and intervene so that she doesn't need to?

diffusion of responsibility

When a person sees a homeless person on the streets they will often think that individual's drinking habits or poor decisions caused them to be homeless. What is this called?

dispositional attributions

Carli and Brenda are close friends. Which personality trait of Brenda would be MOST preferred by Carli?

emotional stability

If resources are scarce, in the U.S., people of which political affiliation are MOST likely to want to give these resources to people who created their own bad financial situation?

equal probability

In Kunstman and Plant's (2008) study on racial discrimination and helping, Black participants were _____ likely to help the Black victims then the White victims.

equally

According to _____, women did not need to be concerned with finding a youthful partner because men's fertility is less bound to their age.

evolutionary perspective

Based on _____, women probably sought mates who had physical features that were associated with masculinity, virility, and social power.

evolutionary perspective

People of which gender tend to score higher on agreeableness?

female

Liking is highest for others when they increase their positivity toward someone over time is the premise of:

gain-loss theory.

Halle is listening to the radio and a catchy jingle comes on that is advertising a sale at a local retail store. The advertisers are trying to:

have viewers associate positive feelings from the jingle to their product.

You experience a deficiency that motivates thoughts and behaviors until the need is satisfied. This is the principle of:

homeostasis.

After a near-death experience a person is forced to think about the inevitability of his or her death. According to the idea of priming mortality, this can actually _____ in that individual.

improve prosocial behavior

At what age do children exhibit prosocial behavior such as helping an experimenter pick up something that was dropped?

less than 2 years old

In the study on helping a stranger who collapsed in a public place, how often was a person helped when appearing drunk?

less than 20% of trials

The feeling that one is deprived of human social connections is called:

loneliness

People of which gender would be more likely to jump onto a subway track to save a person who fell?

male

The pattern of you scratch my back, I'll scratch yours is referred to as:

norm of reciprocity.

Social roles and relationships come with certain _____ that tell people how to behave.

norms

This is the time and effort that parents must invest in each child they produce.

parental investment

Catherine is a lesbian and is currently looking for a partner. She is more prone to emphasize _____ when looking for a partner.

personality characteristics

Brad has been set up on a date with Janice by his friend James. What will probably be the MOST important factor influencing whether or not he will want a second date with Janice?

physical attractiveness

Which phenomenon relates to the story of the Emperor's New Robe? In this story everyone saw that the emperor was actually wearing no clothes, but because every acted like he did, they did not want to say anything?

pluralistic ignorance

Riley is having a great day. She got a perfect score on her biology test and just ran into a friend she hadn't seen in awhile. Which concept explains why she will be more likely to help someone in need while she is in this good mood?

positive affect

People may help others to avoid the negative mood they would experience if they felt guilty for not helping. This relates to the concept of:

positive affect.

Reminders of mortality, such as watching a sad movie about death, can make an individual more likely to want to help others. What type of priming is this?

priming mortality

Dylan chose a career as a nurse because he wanted to help people. Because being a nurse is also associated with a certain helping role, it also made him even more likely to engage in prosocial behaviors. What is this process called?

priming prosocial roles

Jamal was in an experiment where he was asked to write down the top five positive characteristics of his best friend. Afterwards, he was asked if he would be willing to make a donation to a charity of his choice. What type of priming are the researchers MOST likely studying?

priming prosocial roles

Mary Anne saw a poster talking about divinity and faith. Which concept predicts that she will now be more likely to engage in prosocial behaviors?

priming religious values

Due to Facebook, Twitter, blogs, message boards, and other forms of social media _____ is LESS important for casual relationships.

propinquity

Meghan's mother always told her to "take the high ground," when facing a moral dilemma. Because of this, Meghan associates being at a greater height with prosocial behaviors. If Meghan is told to imagine herself on the top of a mountain, she is then more likely to be prosocial. This is an example of:

prosocial metaphor.

Minor forms of rejection have been shown to result in increased stress-related cardiovascular arousal and an increase in cortisol. This demonstrates:

rejection hurts.

A dispositional tendency to have an especially strong fear of being rejected or evaluated negatively by others is called:

rejection sensitivity.

Brenda does not like social settings because she does not function well in them. She may be experiencing:

rejection sensitivity.

Ned tends to avoid social interactions because he feels he does not do well with them. He may be experiencing:

rejection sensitivity.

Shelly is watching television when a commercial comes on that pairs a soda with a catchy tune. The company is trying to take advantage of:

reward model of liking.

Christine is a huge fan of a particular female music artist. She has all of her albums, listens to her music constantly, has posters of the artist in her room, has her biography, and has numerous magazines that feature the artist. She is fascinated with the artist because:

she is drawn to people who have talents or who have achieved things that our culture values.

Phillipe is approached by a complete stranger asking for help finding his lost keys. According to the text, Phillipe wil be more likely to help this stranger if the stranger is:

similar to Phillipe.

People have a tendency to be prejudiced against those who are NOT:

similar to themselves.

The bystander effect is more likely to occur among _____ than among _____.

strangers; friends

What is the underestimation of other people's pain of social rejection known as?

the empathy gap

Stanley is going on a blind date with Amanda. When they meet, he thinks that Amanda is very pretty and also thinks that she is mentally healthy and a happy person. This is an example of:

the halo effect.

Bastion is walking through a busy city. That night on the news he finds out he walked right by a pedestrian getting hit by a truck. Which concept could explain how he never noticed such a big event?

the urban overload hypothesis

Imagine a robbery takes place on a crowded street in New York City. None of the onlookers notice the robbery. Which concept could explain this phenomenon?

the urban overload hypothesis

Research shows that people in the city will often fail to notice serious crimes such as robberies or rapes. What term have social psychologists developed to explain this phenomenon?

the urban overload hypothesis

Diana and Victor have been dating for quite some time now. Victor realizes that some of Diana's characteristics are similar to his mother's. This is an example of:

transference

If a person gets rejected for his or her top undergraduate school, then his or her friends and family are likely to _____ the pain of this rejection in the phenomenon known as an empathy gap.

underestimate

Research suggests that being religious is _____ to the likelihood of prosocial actions.

unrelated