Macroeconomics Unit 3

6. Which of the following is a fiscal policy that would increase aggregate demand in the Keynesian model? (A) A decrease in personal income taxes (B) A decrease in government spending (C) An increase in corporate income taxes (D) A purchase of government bonds by the Federal Reserve (E) A sale of government bonds by the Federal Reserve

(A) A decrease in personal income taxes

28. An increase in personal income taxes will most likely result in which of the following changes in real GDP and the price level in the shortrun? Real GDP, Price Level (A) Decrease, Decrease (B) Decrease, Increase (C) Increase, No change (D) Increase, Increase (E) Increase, No change

(A) Decrease, Decrease

17. Assume the aggregate supply curve is upward sloping and the economy is in a recession. If the government increases both taxes and government spending by $25 billion, the price level and real GDP will most likely change in which of the following ways? Price Level, Real GDP (A) Increase, Increase (B) Increase, Decrease (C) Increase, No Change (D) Decrease, Decrease (E) Decrease, No Change

(A) Increase, Increase

8. If Maria Escalera's disposable income increases from $600 to $650 and her level of personal consumption expenditures increase from $480 to $520, you may conclude that her marginal propensity to (A) consume is 0.8. (B) consume is 0.4. (C) consume is 0.25. (D) save is 0.8. (E) save is 0.25.

(A) consume is 0.8.

21. Which of the following fiscal policy actions would be most effective in combating a recession? Taxes, Government Spending (A) $25 billion decrease, $25 billion decrease (B) $25 billion decrease, $25 billion increase (C) $25 billion decrease, No change (D) $25 billion increase, $25 billion decrease (E) $25 billion increase, $25 billion increase

(B) $25 billion decrease, $25 billion increase

16. In which of the following ways will increases in short-run aggregate supply change the price level and unemployment? Price Level, Unemployment (A) Increase, No change (B) Decrease, Decrease (C) Decrease, Increase (D) Decrease, No change (E) No change, Increase

(B) Decrease, Decrease

14. In order to be called an automatic, or built-in, stabilizer, which of the following must taxes automatically do in a recessionary period and in an inflationary period? Recessionary Period, Inflationary Period (A) Decrease, Decrease (B) Decrease, Increase (C) Increase, Decrease (D) Increase, Increase (E) No change, No change

(B) Decrease, Increase

25. A decrease in lump-sum personal income taxes will most likely result in an increase in real GDP because which of the following occurs? I. Government spending decreases to maintain a balanced budget. II. Consumption spending increases because disposable personal income increases. III. Investment spending decreases because disposable personal income increases. (A) I only (B) II only (C) III only (D) I and III only (E) I, II and III

(B) II only

7. An increase in labor productivity would most likely cause real gross domestic product and the price level to change in which of the following ways? Real GDP, Price Level (A) Increase, Increase (B) Increase, Decrease (C) Increase, No change (D) Decrease, Increase (E) Decrease, No change

(B) Increase, Decrease

15. The balanced-budget multiplier indicates that (A) equal increases in government spending and taxation will make a recession worse. (B) equal increases in government spending and taxation will increase total spending. (C) government deficits might have a contractionary impact on the economy. (D) supply will necessarily create its own demand. (E) the level of gross domestic product is never less than the level of disposable income.

(B) equal increases in government spendingand taxation will increase total spending.

10. In the Keynesian aggregate-expenditure model, the simple spending multiplier can be calculated by dividing (A) the initial change in spending by the change in real gross domestic product (GDP). (B) the change in real gross domestic product by the initial change in spending. (C) one by one minus the marginal propensity to save. (D) one by one plus the marginal propensity to consume. (E) the propensity to save by the propensity to consume.

(B) the change in real gross domestic product by the initial change in spending.

19. In the graph, if full-employment GDP is $800 billion, the minimum increase in autonomous expenditures that would be required to move total income to full employment income is: (Figure 3.1) (A) $200 billion. (B) $100 billion. (C) $50 billion. (D) $25 billion. (E) zero because total income is already at full employment.

(C) $50 billion.

20. In the graph, the values of the MPC, MPS and simple-expenditure multiplier are: (Figure 3.1) MPC, MPS, Multiplier (A) 0.5, 0.5, 2.0 (B) 0.6, 0.4, 2.5 (C) 0.75, 0.25, 4.0 (D) 0.8, 0.2, 5.0 (E) 0.9, 0.1, 10.0

(C) 0.75, 0.25, 4.0

2. A change in which of the following will cause the aggregate demand curve to shift? (A) Energy prices (B) Productivity rates (C) Consumer wealth (D) Prices of inputs (E) Prices of consumer goods

(C) Consumer wealth

24. A severe, sustained increase in oil prices would most likely cause short-run and long-run aggregate supply curves and the production possibilities curve to change in which of the following ways? __Short-Run__|__Long-Run___.|_Production __Aggregate__|__Aggregate___|_Possibilities Supply Curve_|_Supply Curve_|_Curve (A) Decrease No change Shift outward (B) Decrease Decrease Shift outward (C) Decrease Decrease Shift inward (D) Increase No change No change (E) Increase Increase Shift inward

(C) Decrease Decrease Shift inward

4. A rightward shift in the aggregate demand curve with a horizontal aggregate supply curve will cause employment and the price level to change in which of the following ways? Employment, Price Level (A) Increase, Increase (B) Increase, Decrease (C) Increase, No change (D) Decrease, No change (E) No change, No change

(C) Increase, No change

12. The investment demand curve will shift to the right as the result of (A) excess productive capacity. (B) an increase in corporate business taxes. (C) businesses becoming more optimistic with respect to future business conditions. (D) recessions in foreign nations that trade with the United States, causing a lower demand for U.S. products. (E) a decrease in the real interest rate.

(C) businesses becoming more optimistic with respect to future business conditions.

3. The short-run aggregate supply curve will shift to the right when (A) energy prices increase. (B) government regulation increases. (C) prices of inputs decrease. (D) investment spending decreases. (E) productivity rates decrease.

(C) prices of inputs decrease.

9. In the Keynesian aggregate-expenditure model, if the MPC is 0.75 and gross investment increases by $6 billion, equilibrium GDP will increase by (A) $6 billion. (B) $8 billion. (C) $12 billion. (D) $24 billion. (E) $42 billion.

(D) $24 billion.

11. Which of the following will cause the consumption schedule to shift upward? (A) An increase in the amount of consumer indebtedness (B) A reduction in the wealth or assets held by consumers (C) An expectation of future declines in the consumer price index (D) An expectation of future shortages of essential consumer goods (E) A growing belief that personal income will decline in the future

(D) An expectation of future shortages of essential consumer goods

13. Automatic stabilizers in the economy include which of the following? I. A progressive personal income tax II. Unemployment compensation III. Congressional action that increases tax rates (A) I only (B) II only (C) III only (D) I and II only (E) I and III only

(D) I and II only

22. If the primary goal is to reduce inflation, which of the following fiscal policy actions would be appropriate during a period of a rapidly increasing consumer price index? I. Reduce government expenditures for defense and space research. II. Increase transfer payments to those most severely affected by the rising price index. III. Increase personal income tax rates. (A) I only (B) II only (C) III only (D) I and III only (E) II and III only

(D) I and III only

27. If the marginal propensity to consume is two-thirds, then an increase in personal income taxes of $100 will most likely result in (A) a decrease in consumption of $100. (B) a decrease in autonomous investment of $100. (C) a decrease in consumption of $67 and an increase in savings of $33. (D) a decrease in consumption of $67 and a decrease in savings of $33. (E) an increase in government spending of more than $100.

(D) a decrease in consumption of $67 and a decrease in savings of $33.

5. An increase in the capital stock will cause the (A) aggregate demand curve to shift leftward. (B) production possibilities curve to shift in. (C) Phillips curve to shift out. (D) long-run aggregate supply curve to shift rightward. (E) consumption function to shift down.

(D) long-run aggregate supply curve to shift rightward.

30. If there is a decrease in the short-run aggregate supply curve and no changes in monetary and fiscal policies are implemented, the economy over time will (A) remain at the new price and output level. (B) continue to have rising prices and decreasing real GDP. (C) experience increasing nominal wages. (D) return to the original output and price level. (E) experience a leftward shift in the aggregate demand curve.

(D) return to the original output and price level.

23. As the average price level decreases, the purchasing power of people's cash balances increases. This results in an increase in spending. This effect is called (A) the Laffer effect. (B) the Keynesian effect. (C) the money illusion effect. (D) the real-balance effect. (E) the neutrality of money.

(D) the real-balance effect.

1. Which of the following best describes aggregate supply? (A) The amount buyers plan to spend on output (B) A schedule showing the relationship between inputs and outputs (C) A schedule showing the trade-off between inflation and unemployment (D) A schedule indicating the level of real output that will be purchased at each possible price level (E) A schedule indicating the level of real output that will be produced at each possible price level

(E) A schedule indicating the level of real output that will be produced at each possible price level

18. Which of the following are true statements about total income? (Figure 3.1) I. Equilibrium total income is $800 billion. II. Planned investment is $50 billion. III. Equilibrium aggregate expenditure is $600 billion. (A) I only (B) II only (C) III only (D) I and III only (E) II and III only

(E) II and III only

26. A rapid increase in successful research and development projects for the nation will most likely result in which of the following changes in the short-run and the long-run aggregate supply curves and the production possibilities curve? __Short-Run__|__Long-Run___.|_Production __Aggregate__|__Aggregate___|_Possibilities Supply Curve_|_Supply Curve_|_Curve (A) Decrease, No change, No change (B) Decrease, Decrease, Shift inward (C) Increase, No change, Shift inward (D) Increase, Increase, No change (E) Increase, Increase, Shift outward

(E) Increase, Increase, Shift outward

29. One of the reasons the aggregate demand curve is downward sloping is that as the value of cash balances decreases, aggregate spending decreases. This is called (A) a positive externality. (B) a negative spillover. (C) the Pareto effect. (D) the substitution effect. (E) the real-balance effect.

(E) the real-balance effect.