Macromolecules
carbohydrate
"Compound containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in the approximate ratio of 1:2:1 (e.g., sugars, starches, and cellulose)"
Protein structure
-The function of a protein depends on the protein's 3D shape
nucleic acid
A biological macromolecule (DNA or RNA) composed of the elements C, H, N, O, and P that carries genetic information.
denature
A change in the shape of a protein (such as an enzyme) that can be caused by changes in temperature or pH (among other things).
saturated fatty acid
A fatty acid with a carbon chain full of hydrogen atoms, SINGLE bonds between carbon-carbon atoms
unsaturated fatty acid
A fatty acid with a carbon chain that includes one or more carbon-carbon DOUBLE bonds;
Amino group
A functional group that consists of a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms
polymer
A large molecule composed of repeating structural units or monomers.
polymer
A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical building blocks linked by covalent bonds
disaccharide
A molecule composed of two monosaccharides. Common disaccharides include maltose, sucrose, and lactose.
monomer
A molecule of any compound that can react with other molecules of the same or different compound to form a polymer.
polypeptide
A polymer (chain) of many amino acids linked together by peptide bonds.
polysaccharide
A polymer of thousands of simple sugars; composed of many monosaccharide units joined together
enzyme
A protein that makes a reaction happen QUICKER; decreases activation energy of a reaction.
Glucose
A simple sugar that is an important source of energy.
glucose
A simple sugar that is an important source of energy.
monosaccharide
A simple sugar that is the basic subunit of a carbohydrate
monosaccharide
A simple sugar that is the basic subunit of a carbohydrate; glucose is an example
Substrate
A substance on which an enzyme acts during a chemical reaction.
Product
A substance produced in a chemical reaction
Catalyst
A substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction.
catalyst
A substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction.
Glycerol
A three-carbon alcohol to which fatty acids are covalently bonded to make fats and oils.
enzyme
A type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction in a living thing
macromolecule
A very large molecule (as of a protein, nucleic acid, or carbohydrate) built up from smaller chemical structures
macromolecule
A very large organic molecule composed of many smaller molecules
peptide
Bonds that connect amino acids.
fatty acid
Building Blocks of Lipids
amino acid
Building blocks of protein
Triglyceride
Circulate in the blood and are made up of three fatty acids attached to a glycerol.
protein
Class of nutrients made up of amino acids. They are needed to build and repair body structures, and to regulate processes in the body
nucleotide
Monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base
lipid
Organic molecules made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen and store food energy until needed (Fats)
Active site
Region of an enzyme into which a particular substrate fits.
active site
Region of an enzyme into which a particular substrate fits.
enzyme-substrate complex
The combination of the enzyme and substrate
Activation energy
The minimum amount of energy needed to start a chemical reaction
substrate
The reactant on which an enzyme works.
-ase
Used in naming enzymes
-ose
What is the common ending of the name of most simple sugars?
polysaccharide
a carbohydrate that is composed of many monosaccharide units joined together
organic compound
a covalently bonded compound that contains carbon
Hydrocarbon
an organic compound composed only of carbon and hydrogen
Carbon
non-metal that can from 4 bonds with other elements
Functional group
the portion of a molecule that is active in a chemical reaction and that determines the properties of many organic compounds
protein structure
the structure of a protein determines its function