Man 3025 Chapter 8

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Adhocracy Culture

-has an external focus and values flexibility -Attempts to create innovative products by being adaptable, creative, and quick to respond to changes in the marketplace

4 types of organizational culture

1. clan 2. adhocracy 3. market 4. hierarchy

Major Features of Organization s

1. common purpose 2. coordinated effort 3. division of labor 4. hierarchy of labor

3 levels of organizational culture

1. observable artifacts 2. espoused values 3. basic assumptions

3 more features or organizations

5. span of control 6. authority, responsibility, and delegation 7. centralization vs. decentralization of authority

Boundaryless Organization

A fluid, highly adaptive organization whose members, linked by information technology, come together to collaborate on common tasks; the collaborators may include competitors, suppliers, and customers

Decentralized Authority

An organization structure in which decision-making authority is delegated to lower-level managers more familiar with local conditions than headquarters management could be.

HR Practices

Consist of all of the activities an organization uses to manage its human capital, including staffing, appraising, training and development, and compensation

Accountability

Describes expectation that managers must report and justify work results to the managers above them

Encounter Phase

Employees learn what the organization is really like and reconcile unmet expectations

Person-organization (P-O) fit

The extent to which your personality and values match the climate and culture of an organization

Span of control

The number of subordinates who report directly to an executive or supervisor 2 kinds: narrow (or tall) and wide (or flat) aka span of management

Organizational Socialization

The process by which people learn the values, norms, and required behaviors that permit them to participate as members of an organization

Basic Assumptions

The unobservable yet core values of an organization's culture that are often taken for granted.

The horizontal dimension - inward or outward focus

This dimension expresses the extent to which an organization focuses its attention and efforts inward on internal dynamics and employees ("internal focus and integration") versus outward toward its external environment and its customers and shareholders ("external focus and differentiation").

The vertical dimension - flexibility or stability

This dimension expresses the extent to which an organization prefers flexibility and discretion versus stability and control.

Hierarchy Culture

Type of organizational culture that has an internal focus and values stability and control over flexibility

Hierarchy of authority

a control mechanism for making sure the right people do the right things at the right time aka chain of command

Modular Structure

a firm assembles product chunks, or modules, provided by outside contractors

Organizational Structure

a formal system of task and reporting relationships that coordinates and motivates organizational members so they work together to achieve organizational goals

Hero

a person whose accomplishments embody the values of the organization

Organization

a system of consciously coordinated activities or forces of two or more people

Rites and Rituals

activities and ceremonies, planned and unplanned, that celebrate important occasions and accomplishments in the organization's life

Strategic Implementation

all about executing strategy

Horizontal Structure

also called a team-based design, teams or workgroups, either temporary or permanent, are used to improve collaboration and work on shared tasks by breaking down internal boundaries

Unity of command

an employee should report to no more than one manager in order to avoid conflicting priorities and demands

Symbol

an object or action that represents an idea or quality

Matrix Structure

an organization combines functional and divisional chains of command in a grid so that there are two command structures-vertical and horizontal

Centralized Authority

an organization structure in which decision-making authority is maintained at the top level of management

Virtual Structure

an organization whose members are geographically apart, usually working with e-mail, collaborative computing, and other computer connections

Organization Chart

box-and-lines illustration showing the formal lines of authority and the organization's official positions or work specializations

Vertical Hierarchy

chain of command, who reports to whom

Strategy

consists of the large scale action plans that reflect the organization's vision and are used to set the direction for the organization

Organizational Design

designing the optimal structures of accountability and responsibility that an organization uses to execute its strategies categories: traditional (simple, functional,divisional, and matrix structures), horizontal (horizontal structure), and designs that open boundaries between organizations (hollow, modular, and virtual structures)

Espoused Values

explicitly stated values and norms that are preferred by an organization

Market Culture

focused on the external environment, driven by competition and a strong desire to deliver results values stability and control

Geographic Divisions

group activities around defined regional locations

Product Divisions

group activities around similar products or services

Simple Structure

has authority centralized in a single person, a flat hierarchy, few rules, and low work specialization

Clan Culture

internal focus and values flexibility rather than stability and control

Story

narrative based on true events, which is repeated - and sometimes embellished upon - to emphasize a particular value

Anticipatory Socialization phase

occurs before an individual joins an organization, and involves the information people learn about different careers, occupations, professions, and organizations

Hollow structure

often called the network structure, the organization has a central core of key functions and outsources other functions to vendors who can do them cheaper or faster

Flat organization

organizational structure with few or no levels of middle management between top managers and those reporting to them

Divisional Structure

people with diverse occupational specialties are put together in formal groups by similar products or services, customers or clients, or geographic regions

Functional Structure

people with similar occupational specialties are put together in formal groups

Observable Artifacts

physical manifestations such as manner of dress, awards, myths and stories about the company, rituals and ceremonies, and decorations, as well as visible behavior exhibited by managers and employees

Competing Values Framework (CVF)

provides a practical way for managers to understand, measure, and change organizational culture

Authority

refers to the rights inherent in a managerial position to make decisions, give orders, and utilize resources

Change and Aquisition phase

requires employees to master important tasks and roles and to adjust to their work group's values and norms

How employees learn culture

symbols, stories, heroes, rites and rituals, and organizational socialization

Customer Divisions

tend to group activities around common customers or clients

Division of labor

the arrangement of having discrete parts of a task done by different people aka work specilaization

Coordinate Effort

the coordination of individual efforts into a group or organization wide effort

Responsibility

the obligation you have to perform the tasks assigned to you

Delegation

the process of assigning managerial authority and responsibility to managers and employees lower in the hierarchy

Organizational Culture

the set of shared, taken-for-granted implicit assumptions that a group holds and that determines how it perceives, thinks about, and reacts to its various environments aka corporate culture

Common Purpose

unifies employees or members and gives everyone an understanding of the organization's reason for being

Enacted Values

values and norms actually exhibited in the organization

Horizontal Hierarchy

who specializes in what work


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