MAN Final Exam

Basic Survival 1. Physiological Needs 2. Security Needs 3. Belongingness 4. Esteem 5. Self-actualization

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

achievement, power, affiliation

McClellands Achievement theory

Dajhia heard rumors about an upcoming merger that she knew, as a person on the team looking into the potential merger, were incorrect. She decided to write a memo to her employees dispelling the rumors. Which of the following types of communication was Dajhia responding to? a.A grapevine b.Digital c.A teleconference d.Vertical

a grapevine

the final stage of team development, during which members experience anxiety and other emotions as they disengage and ultimately separate from the team

adjourning stage

Which pattern of communication is the most decentralized pattern of communication? a.Wheel b.Y c.Circle d.All-channel

all-channel

Which of the following is a task characteristic that may neutralize or substitute for leadership? a.Availability of feedback b.Formalization c.Inflexibility d.Rigid reward structure

availability of feedback

The emerging pressures for stronger corporate governance models are likely to mean that leaders will _____. a.be expected to have cross-cultural experience b.need to have charisma c.be held more accountable for the consequences of their actions d.have to consider environmental trends and issues

be help more accountable for the consequences of their actions

What is the single most important individual skill for improving communication effectiveness? a.Building credibility b.Increasing nonverbal skills c.Being a good listener d.Eliminating noise

being a good listener

Rocky, Natashia, and Borov meet once a week over lunch to discuss volunteer efforts in the community. This is an interest group, which means that the group was formed _____. a.by its own members b.with a specified time horizon c.by the organization d.to achieve organizational goals

by it's own members

Rocky, Natashia, and Borov meet once a week to discuss ways to improve sustainability practices at their company. They are a functional group, which means that the group was formed _____. a.by its own members b.on a temporary basis c.by the organization d.to achieve personal goals

by the organization

Jane is the CEO of Dreiden Publishing Company. She is highly influential, not only in her own firm, but throughout the industry. Jane is principled in her leadership style and projects an air of self-confidence. Jane's particular form of interpersonal attraction makes her a _____. a.situational leader b.substitute leader c.charismatic leader d.transformational leader

charismatic leader

According to the goal-setting theory, when developing goals for employees, they should be _____. a.easy to accomplish b.broad and generic in nature c.clear and precise d.unattainable

clear and precise

when there is punishment. only effective in the short term example: managers use it to threaten to fire their employees

coercive power

Paolo is a member of a high-performing task group that is responsible for scouting out new store locations for a large franchise organization. Jolanta has been involved with the group since it was formed and is the most knowledgeable member of the team. A high level of competitiveness exists among the team members, and Jolanta is the one who most team members go to for social or emotional support. Based on the information provided about this task group, competition among its members could be negatively impacting its _____. a.role structure b.socialization c.cohesiveness d.informal leadership

cohesiveness

Which of the following refer(s) to an approach to motivation that tries to answer the question, "What factors motivate people?" a.Maslow's hierarchy of needs b.Two-factor theory of motivation c.Content perspectives d.Need for power

content perspectives

focuses on what factors motivate people

content theory of motivation

When a Japanese firm sends an executive to head the firm's operations in the United States, that person will need to become acclimated to the differences that exist between the two countries. Which type of leadership skill will this executive need to rely on? a.Cross-cultural b.Transformational c.Strategic d.Charismatic

cross-cultural

Which approach to negotiation tries to predict how negotiators will depart from rationality and focuses on providing advice to negotiators actively involved in negotiations? a.Decision analytic b.Game theory c.Situational characteristics d.Individual differences

decision analytic

Apoorva has sent her team a message on the new customer specifications. When her staff reads and interprets her message, which part of the communication process is occurring? a.Encoding b.Transmission c.Noise d.Decoding

decoding

Jolanta has noticed a decline in sales for one of her staff members. She asked her employee to look at it and have them identify why sales are low. She asked her staff to try and define the problem and come up with a solution. According to Vroom's decision tree, Jolanta is exhibiting which decision-making style? a.Decide b.Consult c.Facilitate d.Delegate

delegate

Rabeya gives her employees a lot of freedom as to how they get their work done and the goals they set for themselves. She also allows them to make decisions that will allow them to resolve issues that arise. What does Rabeya use to motivate her employees? a.Empowerment b.Participation c.Behavior modification d.Positive reinforcement

empowerment

In order to improve communication effectiveness, managers should _____. a.have their minds firmly made up about the topic being discussed b.limit questions about a topic c.concentrate solely on the words of the speaker d.encourage a two-way communication process

encourage a two-way communication process

it depends on fairness of inputs and outputs

equity theory

On Kaia's most recent performance review, it was noted that she is to work on developing a vision for her department and her employees, as well as how to achieve those goals. Which leadership skill has Kaia been asked to work on? a.Planning budgets b.Establishing direction c.Problem solving d.Motivating

establishing direction

people are motivated because they know how much effort it takes to get a reward that they value

expectancy theory

when you have some kind of expertise that is special and other people want it

expert power

Which type of reinforcement weakens previously rewarded behavior? a.Positive b.Avoidance c.Punishment d.Extinction

extinction

Jay is an estimator for Madlo Tree Service. He receives a bonus for every fifth customer who accepts his estimate and signs a contract with Madlo. This is an example of reinforcement that is provided on a _____. a.fixed-interval schedule b.variable-interval schedule c.fixed-ratio schedule d.variable-ratio schedule

fixed-ratio schedule

Montazar learned some interesting news about Dezmon, a colleague in another department. Montazar shared the information with his work team at their morning break, and with other work friends at lunch. Some of these people shared the information with others, while some did not. This is an example of which type of grapevine? a.Vertical chain b.Horizontal chain c.Gossip chain d.Cluster chain

gossip chain

usually more informal, people getting together to have fun

group

Which of the following is an organizational characteristic that can substitute for leadership? a.A flexible reward structure b.Group cohesion c.Task variety d.Informal policies

group cohesion

During a staff meeting, L'Meese told her staff about impending budget cuts and asked her staff for their suggestions. By including her employees in the decision-making process, what did L'Meese likely achieve? a.Lower levels of self-esteem b.Higher levels of commitment to the decision c.Less sense of responsibility for outcomes d.Less linkage between performance and rewards

higher levels of commitment to the decision

Which of the following can generate conflict within an organization? a.Setting superordinate goals b.Hiring outsiders c.Compromising d.Matching personalities with work habits

hiring outsiders

Which type of communication flow is best suited for joint problem solving? a.Horizontal b.Vertical c.Upward d.Downward

horizontal

things like status and job security

hygiene factors

Woojin wears a shirt and tie to work every day, even though it isn't required. He also asked to be placed on high-profile projects so that he can be linked to successful work. Which of the following is Woojin using? a.Strategic leadership b.Political behavior c.Impression management d.Transformational leadership

impression management

_____ provide daily reports, schedules, plans, and budgets. a.Transaction-processing systems b.Knowledge-level systems c.Information systems d.Decision support systems

information systems

Tredwell Industries has initiated a new system that sends feedback from customer service to the product development team. When possible, the feedback is incorporated into new product design, and customer service is notified of the team's contribution. When the suggestions are not practical or appropriate, an explanation is sent to the customer service team so they know that the concern was addressed and can understand why it was not incorporated. This new system should decrease _____. a.intergroup conflict between customer service and production b.interpersonal conflict between customer service and production c.conflict between Tredwell Industries and its environment d.interorganizational conflict between Tredwell Industries and its suppliers

intergroup conflict between customer service and production

Petra works for human resources in the staffing department. The department manager she supports has seven open positions and wants them filled now. However, the division manager has told Petra they plan to start reducing staff within the next month and not to fill any open positions. Petra is likely experiencing _____. a.intrarole conflict b.intrasender conflict c.person-role conflict d.interrole conflict

intrarole conflict

power that comes from a persons role or authority

legitimate power

Teresita set up a meeting with Bhavik to review details of a new project. She outlined the customer needs, due dates, and format for the project. She shared examples of formats and reporting processes. In this scenario, which channel did Teresita use for her message? a.New project outline b.Format examples c.Due dates d.Meeting

meeting

Which of the following is the set of forces that cause people to behave in certain ways? a.Ability b.Motivation c.Esteem d.Self-actualization

motivation

. Things like achievement, recognition, responsibility, and advancement that encourage employees to better job performance are called

motivators

Game theory is often unworkable in real negotiation situations because _____. a.negotiators cannot change the setting within which the negotiation occurs b.negotiators cannot change their relative power positions c.negotiators do not always act rationally d.negotiators over-rely on readily available information

negotiators do not always act rationally

Which of the following is the hallmark of an effective listener? a.Easily distracted b.Open minded c.Passive d.Has preconceptions

open-minded

Pallavi has a high concern for production. However, her department has high turnover and low morale. What should Pallavi focus on, based on the Leadership Grid, to improve the effectiveness of her leadership style? a.People b.Production c.Profits d.Process

people

the fourth stage of team development, this is where the team gets to work together, team members form a close attachment to each other

preforming stage

The use of noncoercive influence to shape the group's goals and motivate behavior toward the achievement of those goals is the definition of the _____. a.property of management b.process of management c.property of leadership d.process of leadership

process of leadership

focuses on how people are motivated

process theory of motivation

Anke is writing a proposal to a customer to explain how Anke and her team will perform work for the customer. In the communication process, which role will this customer play? a.Encoder b.Receiver c.Channel d.Sender

reciever

Olesia has worked for the same company for five years and knows she does a good job. Recently, a new employee was hired in her department, and Olesia heard the new person is being paid more than she is. According to equity theory, what might Olesia do because she feels underrewarded? a.Increase inputs b.Reduce the inequity c.Look for other areas of intrinsic value d.Increase valence

reduce the inequity

Which of the following can make an informal leader a desirable asset in a group? a.Ability to counter goals and norms of the organization b.The appointment to the role by the organization c.Referent or expert power d.Ability to carry out either the task role or the socioemotional role, but not both

referent or expert power

power based on being likable or charismatic

referent power

In the LPC measure, what does a high score reflect on the part of the leader? a.Task orientation b.Positive qualities c.Negative qualities d.Relationship orientation

relationship orientation

power that comes from giving rewards, even verbally from praising someone

reward power

Eric was recently hired as a marketing associate at Tredwell Industries. His job involves assisting in the preparation of marketing materials for one of Tredwell's new product lines. He's been told to put together a product spec sheet, but he's received no further guidance or sample spec sheets to use as a model. Eric has done similar work for his previous employer, but he does not know what the standards or expectations are at Tredwell. Eric is experiencing _____. a.norm variation b.role conflict c.role overload d.role ambiguity

role ambiguity

Which of the following stems from poor job descriptions or unclear cues from coworkers? a.Intrarole conflict b.Role ambiguity c.Intrasender conflict d.Role overload

role ambiguity

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, the need for housing and clothing is a part of which type of need? a.Physiological b.Security c.Self-actualization d.Belongingness

security

Effective communication is the process of _____. a.transmitting data from one person to another b.transmitting information from one person to another c.transmitting data from one person to another in a way that has meaning d.sending a message in such a way that the message received is as close in meaning as possible to the message intended

sending a message in such a way that the message received is as close in meaning as possible to the message intended

Often negotiators cannot change their relative power positions. This is a drawback to which negotiation approach? a.Individual differences b.Situational characteristics c.Game theory d.Cognitive approaches

situational characteristics

Which of the following has led to the increased popularity and success of telecommuting? a.Sophistication and power of communication technology b.Manager's role of "coach" instead of "boss" c.Increased levels of participation on the part of employees d.The ability to specify which behaviors need to be increased

sophistication and power if communication technology

Which type of leadership includes the capability to understand the complexities of both an organization and its environment and to lead change in the organization to achieve and maintain a superior alignment between the organization and its environment? a.Charismatic b.Transformational c.Ethical d.Strategic

strategic

Mikel has a good relationship with his supplier but thinks his company can negotiate better prices. After presenting his idea to his manager, his manager and senior leadership used Vroom's approach to decision making. What should Mikel's managers consider when using Vroom's model? In choosing a situational leadership model to support the company's needs, which of the following factors is most important in this scenario? a.Situation and leader favorability b.Rewards and goal clarity c.Subordinate participation d.Subordinate relationships

subordinate participation

20As part of his group, Montazar tends to focus on getting the work done. What is his role within the group? a.Informal leader b.Task specialist c.Socioemotional d.Intrarole conflict resolution

task specialist

each member has a role, they all have a united goal, and they have to depend on each other

team

Junhua needed to share new and sensitive information with his staff. He decided the most effective way to share this information was to hold a meeting. In the context of the communication process, what will the meeting be considered as? a.The message b.Noise c.The channel d.The transmission

the channel

What is the underlying assumption of a gainsharing program? a.The employer and the employees all have the same goal b.They are designed to be one-time rewards c.The focus of the plan can be easily changed d.Employees will receive the majority of the cost savings

the employer and the employees all have the same goal

the first stage of team development, in which team members meet each other, form initial impressions, and begin to establish team norms, figuring out how to define the task

the forming stage

the third stage of team development, teams establish what the rules of the group are, they decide how they are going to act with each other and what is going to be acceptable and non-acceptable behavior, in this stage teams become more friendly and confide in one another, start to build a strong cohesive relationship

the norming stage

the second stage or team development, team members move from being nice to to challenging the purpose of the team, can be arguing, defensiveness, and competition between members

the storming stage

How can organizational leadership use the Leadership Grid when evaluating new managers? a.To understand what they do b.To identify predictable relationships for success c.To determine training needs d.To focus on what they do

to determine training needs

For which reason might employees engage in political behaviors? a.To protect themselves from others b.To diminish the power of others c.To advance the goals of others d.To influence salary and hiring decisions

to protect themselves from others

Ahmed is trying to determine the best way to motivate his staff. Some of the options include pay raises, bonuses, promotions, nicer offices, and more responsibility. To determine the desirability of each of these outcomes, Ahmed should measure its _____. a.effort-to-performance expectancy b.performance-to-outcome expectancy c.valence d.equity

valence

Apoorva is conducting performance reviews with each of her team members. She will meet with each individually to share areas they do well in, and areas that need improvement, and listen to their plans and goals. Which flow of communication is Apoorva using? a.Horizontal b.Vertical c.Upward d.Lateral

vertical

Anna is the sales manager for Wheelright Glass Products. She has a sensitive announcement to make to her team of 12 sales representatives. She wants to meet with each of them independently so that she can discreetly address any of their individual concerns. Anna has outlined the points that she needs to convey so that the message is consistent and useful when presented to each employee. To prevent the message from being communicated to members of her team with whom she has not yet spoken, which type of communication network pattern does Anna need to maintain? a.Wheel b.Chain c.Circle d.All-channel

wheel

Renee loves working outdoors and enjoys her job for a yard maintenance and landscaping company. This week, her mower broke down three times, and she was not able to finish two of the yards she was supposed to cut. In this situation, her individual performance was negatively impacted by _____. a.motivation b.ability c.work environment d.desire

work environment