MAN Final Exam Chapter 11

According to the theory of charismatic leadership by Robert House, which trait do charismatic leaders often possess?

A strong need to influence others

Ugar is the department head of the cardiac wing at a hospital. His staff understands his vision for the cardiac wing, and he encourages their cooperation on strategic decisions that support that vision. Which of the following is a likely skill Ugar uses to lead people?

Aligning people

When considering the three elements of charismatic leaders, how would a leader energize others?

By demonstrating personal confidence The charismatic leader enables others by supporting them, empathizing with them, and expressing confidence in them. The charismatic leader energizes others through a demonstration of personal excitement, personal confidence, and patterns of success.

How can managers reduce the likelihood of political behavior by subordinates?

By providing subordinates with autonomy, responsibility, challenge, and feedback, managers reduce the likelihood of political behavior by subordinates.

Nancy tells her staff that they must finish their project by the end of the day, even if that means working until midnight. When Pallavi told Nancy she had a meeting and could not stay, Nancy said she would do her best to have Pallavi fired if she did not stay. Which type of power does Nancy rely on?

Coercion

Which political tactic is a manager using who threatens to withhold support or rewards?

Coercion

Steve's usual method for getting his staff to do their jobs is to threaten to dock their pay or put reprimands in their files if they do not comply. This is an example of which type of power?

Coercive

Japan is generally characterized by the view that the group is more important than any individual in it. This is known as _____.

Collectivism

When a Japanese firm sends an executive to head the firm's operations in the United States, that person will need to become acclimated to the differences that exist between the two countries. Which type of leadership skill will this executive need to rely on?

Cross-cultural

Jolanta has noticed a decline in sales for one of her staff members. She asked her employee to look at it and have them identify why sales are low. She asked her staff to try and define the problem and come up with a solution. According to Vroom's decision tree, Jolanta is exhibiting which decision-making style?

Delegate

What is the vertical dyad described in the leader-member exchange approach?

Each superior-subordinate pair in the LMX model is referred to as a vertical dyad.

On Kaia's most recent performance review, it was noted that she is to work on developing a vision for her department and her employees, as well as how to achieve those goals. Which leadership skill has Kaia been asked to work on?

Establishing direction

Ramon was recently hired as the president and CEO of a fledgling company in the emerging solar battery technology industry. He is joining the company in the wake of a scandal that toppled the former management team. An external audit revealed that the previous organizational leaders had misappropriated grant money received from the U.S. government. Ramon has been hired to restore the government's faith in the company and to establish a culture of moral integrity within the firm. Which leadership skills will be important for Ramon in this position?

Ethical

Atmir has extensive experience in biology research, and he is frequently asked to speak at conferences on his latest work. Many in the lab want to work with him just to learn from him. Which type of power does Atmir possess?

Expert power

According to Fiedler, when considering situational approaches to leadership, what is the key situational factor?

Favorableness of the situation from the leader's perspective

According to the Michigan studies, which trait does Likert find most consistent with employee-centered leader behavior?

Flexible

Yui and Arayla don't always get along well, and as a result, they frequently engage in politically motivated behavior to make themselves look good, while making the other look bad. What can their manager do to try to manage political behavior?

Get disagreements out in the open.

In which type of behavior does the leader clearly define the leader-subordinate role so that everyone knows what is expected?

Initiating structure

One of the things L'Meese does as a leader is establish formal lines of communication with her subordinates. According to the Ohio State studies, L'Meese is using which type of leader behavior?

Initiating structure

As a manager, Azim holds a lot of referent power. He must tell his staff that he needs as many of them as possible to work this coming weekend because a project is behind schedule. He knows some employees will be upset. What type of power can Azim use to encourage loyalty and teamwork from his staff?

Inspirational appeal

Duane is the department head of the production unit at Lelov Technology. He is considered a great leader. Duane is particularly noted for his ability to execute plans by energizing people to overcome problems. He does this by fulfilling the basic needs of his employees, such as respect and the need for fulfillment. Which of the following leadership functions describes Duane's actions?

Inspiring

Which of the following is true of strategic leadership?

It leads change to achieve a superior alignment between a firm and the environment.

What can leadership, in conjunction with management skills, do for an organization?

Keep it aligned with its environment

Which of the following did Fiedler argue about the relationship between the leader's style and its relationship to a specific situation?

Leadership style is fixed, so situations must be changed to match the leadership style.

Which type of power is granted by the organization hierarchy to be accorded to people occupying a particular position?

Legitimate

Pallavi has a high concern for production. However, her department has high turnover and low morale. What should Pallavi focus on, based on the Leadership Grid, to improve the effectiveness of her leadership style?

PEOPLE

Which leadership style will likely be best for a person who has an internal locus of control?

Participative

The HR manager insisted that an increase in staff for the production team was simply not in this year's budget. Kelly, the production manager, argued that the upgrade would save money in the long run, as the work would go faster. Additionally, the staff would be able to do their jobs more easily, leading to higher morale as well as lower turnover. Which type of political behavior is reflected in the given scenario?

Persuasion

Which of the following is a form of political behavior that involves convincing others to support a goal on grounds that are objective and logical as well as subjective and personal?

Persuasion

Which of the following is a function of management, but not leadership?

Planning and budgeting

During her performance appraisal, Ozlem's manager suggested she consider a transfer to another department. She told her manager she enjoys her current job and the people she works with. Ozlem's manager explained that if Ozlem were to transfer, she would likely be considered for project management positions within a year, a great benefit to her career. What did Ozlem's manager use to help her see the benefits of this new position?

Rational persuasion

Ramkumar has a lot of charisma, and his coworkers enjoy working on projects with him because they can identify with him and his attitudes. Many of his coworkers have adopted a similar work schedule, and the same style of dress as Ramkumar. Which type of power does Ramkumar have?

Referent is personal power above and beyond organizational power

Steve decides how projects are assigned to his staff and has final approval on overtime hours. Which type of power is this?

Reward giving extra hours/good assignments

Which of the following is true of charismatic leaders?

Set high expectations!

Mikel has a good relationship with his supplier but thinks his company can negotiate better prices. After presenting his idea to his manager, his manager and senior leadership used Vroom's approach to decision making. What should Mikel's managers consider when using Vroom's model? In choosing a situational leadership model to support the company's needs, which of the following factors is most important in this scenario?

Subordinate participation Vroom's decision tree emphasizes subordinate participation

Eva has worked in the accounts payable department at her firm for over 20 years. Her job has changed during this time, as advancements in computer technology have essentially eliminated all potential for processing errors. Eva operates with little supervision because of her extensive experience and the routine nature of her job. Which form of leadership should Eva's manager use?

Substitute

Which of the following is a concept that identifies situations in which leader behaviors are neutralized or replaced by characteristics of the subordinate, the task, and the organization?

Substitutes for leadership

According to the path-goal theory, which leader behavior includes being friendly and approachable and treating team members as equals?

Supportive

Which style of leadership identified in the LPC theory is similar to job-centered and initiating-structure behaviors in the generic approaches to leadership?

Task oriented

Petra knows what is expected of her at work, and she has procedures and precedents to rely on when she is uncertain. Which of the following does Petra experience a high degree of?

Task structure

Why is management needed in organizations?

To achieve orderly results

According to the path-goal theory of leadership, what is the primary function of a leader?

To clarify behaviors that lead to reward

Researchers looking at characteristics such as intelligence, assertiveness, or height to identify leadership ability were using which approach to leader behavior?

Trait

Petra, the CEO of a large office supply company, is working on making the firm more efficient and profitable, while maintaining a leadership role in innovation. She changed the reward system, overhauled procedures, and restructured the firm. Which type of leader is Petra?

Transformational Transformational leadership goes beyond ordinary expectations by transmitting a sense of mission, stimulating learning experiences, and inspiring new ways of thinking.

Which of the following helps managers assess a situation quickly and accurately so they can make appropriate decisions regarding employee participation?

Vroom's decision tree approach

Jordan Automotive is required to use a highly integrated system that links MRP, production, inventory, and sales is warranted with its client. The costs of such a system are high, and the conversion process is extensive. Because it involves dramatic changes to job and process designs, management anticipates resistance throughout the company. Facing the decision for a major computer upgrade, which situational leadership model is best suited to prescribe appropriate leadership behavior at Jordan Automotive?

Vroom's decision tree approach Vroom's decision tree approach factors multiple variables into the process of prescribing leadership behavior, including degree of significance, commitment levels, expertise and competence levels, and likely levels of support.

Leaders using consideration behavior _____.

attempt to establish a friendly and supportive climate

Which of the following is a task characteristic that may neutralize or substitute for leadership?

availability of feedback

The emerging pressures for stronger corporate governance models are likely to mean that leaders will _____.

be held more accountable for the consequences of their actions

All other things being equal, which type of leader is most likely to influence others?

charismatic

Jane is the CEO of Dreiden Publishing Company. She is highly influential, not only in her own firm, but throughout the industry. Jane is principled in her leadership style and projects an air of self-confidence. Jane's particular form of interpersonal attraction makes her a _____.

charismatic leader

Ronald is a manager at Breezo, Inc. People enjoy working for Ronald because he shows true concern for his subordinates. According to the Ohio State studies, Ronald is using _____.

consideration behavior

Thoughtful attention to the needs of people for satisfying relationships leads to a comfortable, friendly organization atmosphere and work tempo. According to the Leadership Grid, when this is coupled with very low concern for production, which type of management results?

country club management

DownUnder Clothing is a growing apparel company based in Delhi, India. Management at the firm has little exposure to Western practices and no experience operating in the United States. Eli was born and raised in the United States, but he has worked in India for the past seven years. Eli was recently hired by DownUnder Clothing to head up its North American expansion efforts. Which of Eli's leadership skills was DownUnder Clothing hoping to capitalize on?

cross-cultural

According to a basic premise of Vroom's decision tree, after evaluating the characteristics of a problem or decision, the leader will _____.

determine an appropriate decision style that specifies the amount of subordinate participation

A manager using employee-centered leader behavior _____.

ensures employees are satisfied with their jobs

How can transformational leadership be defined?

going beyond ordinary expectations

What is a direct and intentional effort by someone to enhance his or her image in the eyes of others?

impression management

During the interview process, Olesia told a highly qualified candidate that if they accepted the position, the company would cover the cost of relocation and provide an additional bonus. What did Olesia use to encourage the candidate to accept the position?

inducement

Which of the following is true of political behavior in organizations?

it plays a useful role in some situations

A strategic leader needs a thorough understanding of the organization itself, including _____.

its culture

After several years of service at her company, Melanie was just promoted to a middle management position. This promotion gives Melanie which type of power?

legitimate power organizational hierarchy

As a manager, Tariq has consistently demonstrated an appropriate amount of concern for both people and production. On the Leadership Grid, Tariq's style would be classified as _____.

middle-of-the-road management

Recently, Eli, a fellow manager, asked Jewel to support his request for the firm to open a childcare center at its site. Jewel has no opinion regarding a childcare center, but she supported Eli's request anyway, with the hopes that he will support her next proposal. Which type of political behavior does this demonstrate?

obligation Jewel engaged in obligation by providing something of value in exchange for future support

Helena regularly consults with her subordinates, and she solicits their suggestions and lets them help in decision making. According to path-goal theory, Helena is exhibiting which type of leader behavior?

participative

As a manager, Rabeya exhibits job-centered leader behavior. This means that Rabeya _____.

pays close attention to subordinates work

Rachel works in a male-dominated industry. She is a passionate advocate for increasing gender diversity. For years she has championed the recruitment and advancement of qualified female employees at her firm. As she worked her way up the corporate ladder, Rachel was able to increase her influence because of _____.

political behaviors

The use of noncoercive influence to shape the group's goals and motivate behavior toward the achievement of those goals is the definition of the _____.

process of leadership

Raul is preparing performance reviews and salary increase suggestions for his staff, which he will then submit to his manager for approval. When determining praise and recognition, which type of power will Raul need to use?

reward

Why have traditional approaches to leadership theories generally failed?

social systems and individuals are complex!

The leader-member exchange (LMX) model of leadership _____,

stresses the importance of variable relationships between supervisors and each of their subordinates

Directive leadership is less effective when _____.

structure is high and the degree of formality is high

Which of the following identifies situations in which leader behaviors can be replaced by other things?

substitutes for leadership

What is the premise of Vroom's decision tree approach to leadership?

the approach should change depending on the situation

Marvin has 12 subordinates on his work team. He gives extra responsibility and privileges to Ilene, Jay, and Ira. The other nine members of the team receive much less of Marvin's time and attention. According to the LMX model, those other nine members are _____.

the out-group

For which reason might employees engage in political behaviors?

to protect themselves from others

By assuming that there was one set of answers to the leadership puzzle, early approaches to the study of leadership adopted which perspective of leadership?

universal

According to a survey, who is most likely to engage in political behaviors?

upper level management

The LPC theory classifies leaders into two types based on _____.

whether they are task oriented or relationship oriented Fiedler identified two styles of leadership: task oriented (analogous to job-centered and initiating-structure behavior) and relationship oriented (similar to employee-centered and consideration behavior).