MAN3240 FINAL EXAM
True
10. The level of responsibility in a job is higher when the number, scope, and importance of the obligations in the level of responsibility at job are higher
False
12. Family time demands include participation in formal education programs, music lessons, sports-related training, hobby-related self-education, participation in local government, or volunteer work.
False
13. In contrast to cognitive coping, behavioral coping refers to the thoughts that are involved in trying to deal with a stressful situation
True
14. Problem-focused coping refers to behaviors and cognitions intended to manage the stressful situation itself
True
16. A critical factor that determines coping strategy choice is the degree to which people believe that a particular strategy gives them some degree of control over the stressor or how they feel about it
False
17. People are likely to feel more control over a stressor when they appraise it as a hindrance rather than a challenge
True
18. Headaches, tight shoulders, and back pain have all been linked to a variety of stressors
True
9. Work complexity refers to the degree to which the requirements of the work, in terms of knowledge, skills, and abilities, tax or exceed the capabilities of the person who is responsible for performing the work
a. Hindrance stressors hinder people from progressing toward personal accomplishments or goal attainment. Challenge stressors are stressful demands that people perceive as opportunities for learning, growth, and achievement. i. Work Hindrance Stressors 1. Role overload ii. Work Challenge Stressors 1. Time Pressure iii. Non-work Hindrance Stressors 1. Negative life events iv. Non-work Challenge Stressors 1. Positive life events
94. Explain the difference between hindrance stressors and challenge stressors. What are the four types of stressors? Provide an example of a stressor for each type.
Non work challenge stressors
Family time demands refer to which type of stressor?
(All of these are correct) a. Need for power b. Limited resources c. Ambiguity in roles d. High performance pressure e. Unclear performance evaluations
Which of the following is a personal characteristic that fosters organizational politics?
Challenge stressors have a moderate positive relationship with organizational commitment.
Which of the following statements is true about the effects of stressors?
Most research on social support focuses on the ways that social support buffers the relationship between stressors and strains.
Which of the following statements is true regarding social support?
Instrumental support
Which of these refers to the help people receive that addresses the stressful demand directly?
Cognitive behavioral techniques
Which of these techniques attempt to help people appraise and cope with stressors in a more rational manner?
Avoiding
Which style of conflict resolution is considered a lose-lose approach?
Collaborating
Which style of conflict resolution is considered a win-win approach?
Competing
Which style of conflict resolution is considered as a win-lose approach?
Collaboration
Which style of conflict resolution is generally regarded as the most effective?
Collaborating
Which style of conflict resolution occurs when both parties work together to maximize outcomes?
True
20. Physiological strains that result from stressors include depression, anxiety, anger, hostility, and reduced self-confidence.
True
22. Social support refers to the help that people receive when they are confronted with stressful demands
True
23. Instrumental support refers to the help people receive that can be used to address the stressful demand directly
False
27. Although reducing stressors may reduce the overall level of stress that a person experiences, this approach is likely to be most beneficial when the focus of the effort is on challenge stressors rather than hindrance stressors
True
28. Hindrance stressors such as role ambiguity, conflict, and overload not only cause strain but also decrease commitment and job performance
True
29. One way that organizations provide resources to employees is through training interventions aimed at increasing job-related competencies and skills.
False
31. In general, relaxation techniques to reduce strain attempt to help people appraise and cope with stressors in a more rational manner
False
33. Normative-behavioral techniques attempt to help people appraise and cope with stressors in a more rational manner
Stress
34. Which of the following is defined as a psychological response to demands for which there is something at stake and coping with those demands taxes or exceeds a person's capacity or resources?
Strains
36. The negative consequences that occur when demands tax or exceed one's capacity or resources are called:
Hindrance stressors
41. Stressful demands that are perceived as hindering progress toward personal accomplishments or goal attainment are called
Challenge stressors
42. Stressful demands that are perceived as opportunities for learning, growth, and achievement are called:
Role Conflict
44. _____ is a work hindrance stressor that occurs from incompatible demands within a single role that a person may hold.
Role overload
45. _____ is a work hindrance stressor that occurs when the number of demanding roles a person holds is so high that the person simply cannot perform some or all of the roles very effectively.
Role Conflict
46. Tim is working as the marketing head at Blue Chip Investments. His work requires him to travel extensively and meet clients in various countries. However, his role also requires him to mentor several marketing representatives who work under him and keep track of their progress. Since Tim stays away from his office most of the time, he finds it difficult to manage both types of work responsibilities. Tim faces which of the following challenges?
Work Hindrance
47. Elis and Phoebe work at United Insurance, a medium-sized insurance company with 240 branches in 8 states. Elis works as a teller and Phoebe works as one of five regional supervisors, who are each expected to supervise a team of tellers. Elis recently received instructions from her supervisor that all tellers will be evaluated on the number of people they assist at their window per day. Serving more customers means higher performance effectiveness. However, Elis is also expected to follow the bank's number one goal of customer satisfaction. Elis is facing which stressor?
Role Ambiguity
52. _____ refers to the lack of information regarding what needs to be done in a role, as well as unpredictability regarding the consequences of performance in that role.
Daily Hassles
53. Which of the following reflect(s) the relatively minor routine demands that get in the way of accomplishing the things that we really want to accomplish?
Work Complexity
55. Which of the following refers to the degree to which the requirements of the work, in terms of knowledge, skills, and abilities, tax or exceed the capabilities of the person who is responsible for performing the work?
True
6. Role ambiguity is often experienced among new employees who haven't been around long enough to receive instructions from supervisors or observe and model the role behaviors of more senior colleagues
Personal development
63. Activities including participation in formal education programs, music lessons, sports-related training, hobby-related self-education, and volunteer work are examples of:
False
7. Role overload reflects the relatively minor day-to-day demands that get in the way of accomplishing the things that we really want to accomplish.
False
8. Most people appraise situations with high time pressure as rather stressful, and they also tend to appraise these situations as more hindering than challenging
False
Although hindrance stressors can be exhausting, they often trigger positive emotions such as pride and enthusiasm
Which conflict resolution style should be used during these following situations? a. To find an integrative solution when both sets of concerns are too important to be compromised b. When your objective is to learn c. To merge insights from people with different perspectives d. To gain commitment by incorporating concerns into a consensus e. To work through feelings that have interfered with a relationship
A collaborative conflict resolution style
For issues vital to company welfare when you know you are right
A competing style of conflict resolution should be used: a. when an issue is trivial. b. when potential disruption outweighs the benefits of resolution. c. for issues vital to company welfare when you know you are right. d. to let people cool down and regain perspective. e. when others can resolve the conflict more effectively
Ego resiliency
A form of social skill that fundamentally contributes to effective environmental adaptation through the capacity for self-regulation of behavior to changing demands or cues is referred to as _____.
Engaging in alternative activities, seeking support, venting anger, avoiding distancing and ignoring, looking for the positive in the negative, and reappraising
All the examples of emotion-focused coping strategies are:
Negotiation
A process in which two or more independent individuals discuss and attempt to come to an agreement about their different preferences refers to:
Emotional Support
A supervisor appears understanding and empathizes with his subordinates when they experience work related stress. In the example, the supervisor provides:
Death of a spouse
According to research, which of the following is considered the most stressful life-event?
To build social credits for later issues
An accommodating conflict resolution style should be used: a. when quick decisive action is vital. b. on important issues for which unpopular actions need implementation. c. on issues vital to company welfare when you know you are right. d. against people who take advantage of noncompetitive people. e. to build social credits for later issues.
Problem-focused behavior coping
Ariel is the assistant editor at the local newspaper - The Morning Mail. With the increased readership, the editorial committee had decided to reduce the deadline for article submissions to eight hours. This move was not welcomed by the junior writers and editors. Ariel though unhappy with the decision faced the problem head on and chose to cope by working faster and harder. This is an example of:
False
As a conflict resolution style, accommodating occurs when one party wants to remain neutral, stay away from conflict, or postpone the conflict to gather information or let things cool down
Relaxation techniques
As an alternative to managing stressors, many organizations teach employees to use _____ to counteract the effects of stressors by engaging in activities that slow the heart rate, breathing rate, and blood pressure.
Work Complexity
Beth is a senior accountant at The American Bank. Her job profile includes preparing monthly financial statements, getting high net worth individuals to invest in the bank, and dealing with people who want loans above $30,000. Her work involves a lot of paper work as well as traveling to meet clients. The month ends are especially busy when Beth has to check the audit reports as well. Unable to handle the pressure, Beth has requested the management for an assistant. This is an example of:
False consensus effect
Bias that results when observers believe their own behaviors and choices are typical and appropriate and then using them as a standard by which to judge the behavior and performance of others
True
Collaboration is seen as a win-win form of conflict resolution
True
Compromise is the most common form of conflict resolution, whereby each party's losses are offset by gains and vice versa.
True
Compulsive eating is an example of behavioral strain
Instrumental support
Danny is an associate with the Valley Chartered Accounts, NY. Among various other work commitments, Danny has to file the tax returns of Emerald Builders, an important client. It is a job with heavy workload and a short turnaround deadline. Sam, Danny's colleague observed this stressful situation and volunteered to assist Danny in meeting the deadline. The support received by Danny can be best described as _____.
Psychological strain
Depression, anxiety, and anger reflect ____
False
Hindrance stressors have a strong positive relationship with job performance
False
Distributive bargaining is aimed at accomplishing a win-win scenario
Competing approach
Distributive bargaining is similar in nature to which of the following approaches to conflict resolution?
Physiological and psychological strains
Due to time pressure and heavy workload, Dan has developed high blood pressure and started to show forgetfulness at work and home. These are examples of:
Role Conflict
Elis, unable to meet both types of expectations associated with her role, is facing _____.
Problem-focused behavior coping
Eliza and Samantha work at the Snack Time factory. The company is short staffed and the employees are finding it difficult to meet the daily production requirements. Both Eliza and Samantha indicated that they were facing time pressures in their respective departments. Eliza decided to work longer hours to meet the deadline, whereas Samantha tries to distance herself from her problems at work by thinking about the positive things in her life. Which of these coping strategies is utilized by Eliza?
Emotion-focused cognitive coping
Eliza and Samantha work at the Snack Time factory. The company is short staffed and the employees are finding it difficult to meet the daily production requirements. Both Eliza and Samantha indicated that they were facing time pressures in their respective departments. Eliza decided to work longer hours to meet the deadline, whereas Samantha tries to distance herself from her problems at work by thinking about the positive things in her life. Which of these coping strategies is utilized by Samantha?
Behavioral strains
George is a stock broker in a leading brokerage firm. Recently he has been assigned several additional tasks. He begins to consume alcohol to cope with the increasing workload. George also becomes demanding and overly critical of his coworkers and his family. In this example, George is exhibiting _____.
Collaborating
High assertiveness and high cooperation represent which style of conflict resolution?
Competing
High assertiveness and low cooperation represent which style of conflict resolution?1
False
High levels of organizational politics have been shown to be beneficial to company performance as a whole.
Weak negative
Hindrance stressors have a _____ effect on job performance.
Strong negative
Hindrance stressors have a _____ relationship with organizational commitment
Transactional theory of stress
How stressors are perceived and appraised, as well as how people respond to those perceptions and appraisals is known as:
Competing
In a conflict situation, when John attempts to get his own goals met without concern for the other party, he is utilizing which of the following conflict resolution styles?
Zero sum condition
In distributive bargaining, when one person gains, the other person loses. This is also known as:
False
Integrative bargaining is similar in nature to a competing approach to conflict resolution
Role ambiguity
Jason is facing
Benign job demands
Job demands that tend not to be appraised as stressful are called
False
Job demands that tend to be appraised as stressful are called benign job demands.
False
Job sharing means splitting one job into two to reduce the role overload
Problem-focused behavior coping
Kristen attempts to address time pressure by working harder, and seeking assistance to devise a strategy for accomplishing the work more efficiently. In the example, Kristen uses:
False
Leaders will typically use an avoiding conflict resolution style when an issue is really not that important to them but is very important to the other party
True
When people first encounter stressors, the process of primary appraisal is triggered.
Emotion-focused cognitive coping
Looking for the positive in the negative; and avoiding, distancing, and ignoring are examples of:
Accomodating
Low assertiveness and high cooperation represent which style of conflict resolution?
Avoiding
Low assertiveness and low cooperation represent which style of conflict resolution?
Emotion-focused behavior coping
Martha owns an event management firm. During the holiday season, especially during Christmas, she finds herself overloaded with work which often makes her feel irritable and anxious. To calm herself, she often takes time out to go swimming. In this example, the coping strategy that Martha uses can be classified as:
Accomodating
Meredith and Sally had a major argument while designing the interiors of a restaurant. The conflict was finally settled when Meredith gave in completely to Sally in an unselfish manner. In this situation, Meredith used the _____ style of conflict resolution.
Compromise
Moderate assertiveness and moderate cooperation represent which style of conflict resolution?
Competing
Which conflict resolution style is best used in situations in which the leader knows he or she is right and a quick decision needs to be made?
True
One type of strain-reducing practice involves training in relaxation techniques.
True
Organizational factors that are the most likely to increase politics are those that raise the level of uncertainty in the environment.
Training interventions
Organizations can provide _____, aimed at increasing job-related competencies and skills that help employees to cope with stressful demands.
Self-monitoring
People high in ____ demonstrate the ability to control their emotional expression, and they are capable of using these abilities effectively to create desired impressions.
Task performance
People who experience higher levels of challenge stressors tend to have higher levels of:
Work challenge
Phoebe's stress is related to a ______.
Proactive and action-state
Political skill has both dispositional and personal ability antecedents of which active influence focuses on which elements?
Extraversion, agreeableness, and positive affectivity
Political skill has both dispositional and personal ability antecedents of which affability focuses on which elements?
Locus of Control and Self-efficacy
Political skill has both dispositional and personal ability antecedents of which control focuses on which elements?
Role modeling and mentoring
Political skill has both dispositional and personal ability antecedents of which development experiences focus on which elements?
Self-monitoring and conscientiousness
Political skill has both dispositional and personal ability antecedents of which perceptiveness focuses on which elements?
Accomodating
Which conflict resolution style is typically used by leaders when an issue is really not that important to them but is very important to the other party?
Distributive bargaining
Which of the following involves a win-lose negotiation over a "fixed-pie" of resources?
Hindrance stressors
Role conflict, role ambiguity, role overload, daily hassles
False
Seeking assistance is an emotion-focused cognitive coping strategy
Emotion-focused behavior coping
Seeking support and venting anger are examples of which of the following coping strategies?
Problem-focused cognitive coping
Self-motivation and changing priorities are examples of?
Social skills
Social Intelligence, Emotional intelligence, Ego resilience, Social Self Efficacy, and Self-monitoring Practical intelligence are all:
False
Social astuteness refers to an adeptness at identifying and developing diverse contacts
Competing
Which conflict resolution style occurs most often when one party has high levels of organizational power and can use legitimate or coercive power to settle the conflict?
Compromise
Which form of conflict resolution is the most common?
It promotes physiological but not psychological and behavioral strains
Which of the following is NOT true about Type A behavior pattern
Machiavellian tendencies
Some employees are willing to manipulate and deceive others to acquire power. Which of the following tendencies do such employees have
False
Stressful demands that are perceived as obstructing progress toward personal accomplishments or goal attainment are called challenge stressors.
True
Stressors can cause gastrointestinal system problems
True
Supportive practices are one way of helping employees cope with stressful demands
Social intelligence
The ability to understand and manage people
Collaboration
Which form of conflict resolution requires the complete sharing of information by both parties, a full discussion of concerns, relatively equal power between parties, and a lot of time investment to arrive at a resolution?
Avoiding
Which of the following can never really resolve a conflict?
Burnout
The emotional, mental, and physical exhaustion that results from having to cope with stressful demands on an ongoing basis is called:
Hedonic Relevance
The extent that observers and actors experience personal benefit or harm as a result of the outcomes they're evaluating, their attributions for the outcomes will be biased toward optimizing their benefits.
False
The first step in managing stress is to assess colleagues in the workplace
False
The particular demands that cause people to experience stress are called strains
Stressors
The particular demands that cause people to experience stress are called:
Actor-observer bias
The tendency for actors to attribute their outcomes to external factors whereas observers tend to attribute actors outcomes to the internal characteristics of the actor
Social astuteness
The tendency to observe others and accurately interpret their behavior is termed as _____.
Self-serving bias
The tendency to take credit for success (internal attributions) and blame others or the environment for success
Instrumental support and emotional support
There are two major types of social support
Job sharing
Two people sharing the responsibilities of a single job, as if the two people were a single performing unit is known as:
Role conflict, Role Ambiguity, Role overload, and Daily hassles.
What are the four types of work hindrance stressors?
Working Harder, seeking assistance, acquiring additional resources, strategizing, self-motivation, changing priortities.
What are the six examples of problem-focused coping?
Time pressure, work complexity, and work responsibility.
What are the three types of work challenge stressors?
A positive life event
What is a non-work challenge stressor?
Financial uncertainty
What is a non-work hindrance stressor?
Primary appraisal
When people first encounter stressors, the process of _____ is triggered.
Non-work hindrance
Work-family conflict is a type of _____ stressor
False
Work-family conflict is an example of work hindrance stressor.
Social self efficacy
____ refers to judgments of personal capability in social interactions and contexts.
Integrative bargaining
_____ is aimed at accomplishing a win-win scenario by using problem solving and mutual respect to achieve an outcome that is satisfying to both parties.
Primary Appraisal
_____ occurs as people evaluate the significance and the meaning of the stressors they are confronting
Avoiding
_____ occurs when one party wants to remain neutral or stay away from conflict to let things cool down.
Coping
_____ refer(s) to the behaviors and thoughts that people use to manage both the stressful demands that they face and the emotions associated with those stressful demands.
Work Responsibility
_____ refer(s) to the nature of the obligations that a person has toward others.
Eight examples of supportive practices
a. Flextime b. Part-time telecommunicating c. Compressed work week d. Bring child to work if needed e. Full-time telecommunicating f. Lactation program g. On-site child care h. Company supported child care center
Affability
an outgoing, likeable, and interpersonally pleasant orientation, and it is represented by such constructs as extraversion, agreeableness, and positive affectivity.
