MAN4143 Leadership Exam 1

Which of the following statements is true of a gaps-of-the-GAPS (goals, abilities, perceptions, standards) analysis? A. It helps leadership practitioners identify high-priority development needs. B. It clearly spells out what leaders need to do to meet their development needs. C. It states career objectives indicating where one wants to be in one's career a year or so in the future. D. It builds in reflection time so that people can periodically review progress.

A. It helps leadership practitioners identify high-priority development needs.

Which of the following is a conventional distinction between managers and leaders? Multiple Choice A. Managers administer, while leaders innovate. B. Managers originate, while leaders imitate. C. Managers inspire, while leaders control. D. Managers challenge the status quo, while leaders accept it.

A. Managers administer, while leaders innovate.

In the context of the first day on the job, identify a true statement about the first meeting of the new leaders with their new bosses. A. The meeting should end by arranging a follow-up meeting to review progress. B. The meeting should usually last for two to three hours. C. The meeting should avoid discussing the boss's view of team strengths and weaknesses. D. The meeting should happen in a small conference room.

A. The meeting should end by arranging a follow-up meeting to review progress.Correct

__________ occurs when people's expectations or predictions play a causal role in bringing about the events they predict. A. The self-fulfilling prophecy B. Double-loop learning C. Attribution D. The fundamental attribution error

A. The self-fulfilling prophecy

Which of the following statements is true of women in leadership positions? Multiple Choice A. Women had significantly lower well-being scores than men. B. Women were less analytical and forceful than men. C. Women's commitment to their organizations was less guarded than that of their male counterparts. D. Women were less likely than men to be willing to take career risks.

A. Women had significantly lower well-being scores than men.

Leadership development is enhanced when an experience involves three processes, which are A. action, observation, and reflection. B. perception, attribution, and learning. C. causation, vision, and listening. D. action, behavior, and consequence.

A. action, observation, and reflection.

In the context of the interactional framework, ideal followers are most likely to be described as Multiple Choice A. cooperative. B. forward-looking. C. inspiring. D. innovative.

A. cooperative.

Which of the following is most likely an outcome of regularly practicing a 10 percent stretch? Multiple Choice A. decreasing apprehensions about doing something new or different B. engaging in more effective two-way communication C. strengthening essential technical skills D. providing encouragement to followers who are struggling

A. decreasing apprehensions about doing something new or different

Which of the following involves participants being given a limited amount of time to prioritize and respond to a number of notes, phone messages, and letters from a fictitious manager's in-basket? A. in-basket exercises B. role playing C. case studies D. virtual simulations

A. in-basket exercises

When a team has fewer than 15 people, what should new leaders do during the first two weeks? A. meet individually with everyone on the team B. organize gatherings to learn personal information about team members C. identify major areas of improvement and restructure the whole group D. schedule half-day one-on-one sessions with every team member

A. meet individually with everyone on the team

Unlike traditional training programs, action learning A. often is conducted in teams of work colleagues who are addressing real company challenges. B. makes transfer back to the actual work situation more difficult. C. inherently involves time away from immediate job responsibilities. D. requires personnel who participate in leadership development activities to attend classes for several weeks.

A. often is conducted in teams of work colleagues who are addressing real company challenges.

People do not see everything that happens in a particular leadership situation, nor do they hear everything; instead they are selective in what they attend to and what they, in turn, understand. A phenomenon that demonstrates this selectivity is called A. perceptual set. B. the glass cliff. C. the stereotype threat. D. action learning.

A. perceptual set.

During the first two weeks on the job, a new leader should conduct in-person meetings with their peers. Which of the following issues should be discussed with the peers? A. the ways issues are raised and decisions made on their boss's team B. the opinions of the peers on former employees and leaders of the organization C. the style of socializing with others in the organization D. the best ways to communicate with clients

A. the ways issues are raised and decisions made on their boss's team

Task forces that are formed to work on key change initiatives should be staffed by stars because A. this will improve the odds of good recommendations being made B. this will establish an effective and reasonable time schedule. C. this will ensure that key players earn promotions. D. this will minimize the need to outsource tasks.

A. this will improve the odds of good recommendations being made

Which of the following statements is true of leaders with high levels of technical competence? A. They are unable to reduce the level of role ambiguity and conflict in their groups. B. Followers are generally more satisfied with them rather than leaders with average levels of technical competence. C. Managers are usually more likely to have them as members of their out-groups than leaders with average levels of technical competence. D. They are highly unlikely to have satisfied and happy followers.

B. Followers are generally more satisfied with them rather than leaders with average levels of technical competence.

Which of the following statements is true about building effective relationships with superiors? A. Followers should take the blame solely on themselves for their teams' failures. B. Followers should think of their own and their superior's success as interdependent. C. Followers should play politics and distort information to make superiors look good, if required. D. Followers should be evaluated on the basis of their own success rather than on their team's success.

B. Followers should think of their own and their superior's success as interdependent.

Which statement is most likely true about followers having a good working relationship with their superiors? A. Followers who have good relationships with their superiors advance quickly in their careers. B. Superiors and followers with good relationships tend to experience less conflict.Correct C. Superiors give fewer performance appraisals to followers with whom they have good relationships. D. Followers accomplish less work when they have a good working relationship with their superiors.

B. Superiors and followers with good relationships tend to experience less conflict

Why do followers most likely need to have a high level of technical competence? A. Technical expertise enables a follower to implement a relevant development plan. B. Technical expertise plays a key role in supervisors' performance appraisal ratings of subordinates. C. Technical competence increases a follower's channel power and situational control. D. Technical competence decreases the pressure to belong to a leader's in-group.

B. Technical expertise plays a key role in supervisors' performance appraisal ratings of subordinates.Correct

Identify a true statement about passive followers in the context of Robert Kelley's basic styles of followership. A. They are highly likely to become experts in mastering the bureaucratic rules that can be used to protect them. B. They require constant direction because they lack initiative and a sense of responsibility. C. They are the "yes people" of organizations. D. They are often seen as cynical, negative, and adversarial by leaders.

B. They require constant direction because they lack initiative and a sense of responsibility.

Which of the following words is most often associated with the word "management"? Multiple Choice A. risk taking B. efficiency C. creativity D. dynamism

B. efficiency

According to Robert Kelley's basic styles of followership, who among the following presents a consistent picture to both leaders and coworkers of being independent, innovative, and willing to stand up to superiors? A. conformist followers B. exemplary followers C. pragmatist followers D. alienated followers

B. exemplary followers

The interactional framework for analyzing leadership includes Multiple Choice A. first-level supervisors, mid-level managers, and top-level leaders. B. followers, leaders, and situations. C. individuals, groups, and organizations. D. individual followers, groups, and leaders.

B. followers, leaders, and situations.

Craig, a marketing manager at HeliZone Inc., rarely takes initiative or suggests new ideas during project meetings. He does his work half-heartedly and needs to be guided by his manager on a regular basis. According to Robert Kelley's basic styles of followership, Craig most likely is a(n) A. alienated follower. B. passive follower. C. pragmatist follower. D. conformist follower.

B. passive follower.

Jonathan, a front desk executive at Read Books Inc., handled 40 customer calls per day. He was then sent to a training program last month to improve his communication skills, which cost the organization $500. This month, Read Books observes that his growth is positive and substantial and that he is able to handle 60 customer calls per day. His productivity has increased by $700. This scenario most likely exemplifies A. the heroic theory. B. return on investment C. the constructionist approach. D. action learning.

B. return on investment

Technical competence is especially important for first-line supervisors because they A. need to stimulate followers to engage in a 10 percent stretching. B. spend considerable time training their followers. C. are required to provide 360-degree feedback. D. are frequently promoted to executive positions.

B. spend considerable time training their followers.

Observing "with binoculars" involves A. being mindful when observing. B. stepping back from a situation C. looking at a situation in an unrealistically favorable light. D. overcoming bias by looking at alternate perspectives.

B. stepping back from a situation

People who are observing an action are much more likely than the actor to make the fundamental attribution error. This is called A. stereotyping. B. the actor/observer difference C. the self-serving bias. D. the ultimate attribution error.

B. the actor/observer difference

When building a development plan, one's career objective comes directly from A. the abilities quadrant of the GAPS (goals, abilities, perceptions, standards) analysis. B. the goals quadrant of the GAPS (goals, abilities, perceptions, standards) analysis. C. one's gaps-of-the-GAPS (goals, abilities, perceptions, standards) analysis. D. a force field analysis.

B. the goals quadrant of the GAPS (goals, abilities, perceptions, standards) analysis.

Most early research on leadership was based on the assumption that leadership is a general personal trait expressed independently of the situation in which the leadership is manifested. This view is commonly known as Multiple Choice A. the glass ceiling effect. B. the heroic theory. C. the interactional framework. D. the role approach.

B. the heroic theory.

Which of the following is a phenomenon that refers to situations in which people feel themselves at risk of being judged by others holding negative images about them? Multiple Choice A. the glass cliff B. the stereotype threat C. the in-group D. the role approach

B. the stereotype threat

Unlike the role approach, the constructionist approach A. states that female candidates are unable to deliver when an organization's performance is declining. B. views leadership as combined acts of leading and following by different individuals. C. emphasizes that leaders have more influence with out-group followers than with in-group followers. D. stresses that a person's awareness of being judged by stereotypes has a deleterious impact on performance.

B. views leadership as combined acts of leading and following by different individuals.

__________ describe leadership situations and are used as vehicles for leadership discussions. A. In-basket exercises B. Games C. Case studies D. Simulations

C. Case studies

Which of the following fundamental archetypes of leadership is most likely to take risks and action in a crisis? A. The Revolutionary-Crusader archetype B. The Teacher-Mentor archetype C. The Warrior-Knight archetype D. The Visionary-Alchemist archetype

C. The Warrior-Knight archetype

Which of the following statements is true of individuals with high levels of technical competence? A. They are highly unlikely to wield more influence in their groups than their leaders. B. They are highly likely to be members of their leaders' out-groups. C. They are highly likely to be delegated tasks. D. They are highly unlikely to be asked to participate in decisions.

C. They are highly likely to be delegated tasks.

In the context of the new leader onboarding road map, which of the following statements is true of new leaders in the first two weeks? A. They should try to maximize their personal interactions with direct reports. B. They should avoid meeting their team's stars to stay ahead of potential biases or conflicts. C. They should schedule one-on-one meetings with all their peers in peers' offices. D. They should avoid meeting individuals who were once part of the team but have taken positions in other parts of the organization.

C. They should schedule one-on-one meetings with all their peers in peers' offices.

According to the fundamental archetypes of leadership, a __________ works on developing something that will benefit all the members in an organization. A. Warrior-Knight B. Father-Judge C. Visionary-Alchemist D. Revolutionary-Crusader

C. Visionary-Alchemist

Which of the following is one of the best ways to establish and maintain good peer relationships? A. take control of problems that peers are unable to solve B. adopt the norms of the group C. acknowledge common interests and goals D. practice a theory z attitude to gain perspective

C. acknowledge common interests and goalsCorrect

In the context of the new leader onboarding road map, when should a new leader gather benchmarking information from other organizations, connect with the key external suppliers and customers, and if appropriate, meet with the former leader of the team? A. before joining the organization B. on the first day C. after the first two weeks D. during the third month

C. after the first two weeks

In the context of perception, which of the following terms is best described as the explanations people develop for the characteristics, behaviors, or actions to which they attend? A. self-fulfilling prophecy B. fundamental attribution error C. attribution D. single-loop learning

C. attribution

According to Robert Kelley's basic styles of followership, _____ are the "yes people" of organizations and are very active at doing their organization's work. A. exemplary followers B. alienated followers C. conformist followers D. pragmatist followers

C. conformist followers

In a classic study of sex roles, Schein A. evidenced the fact that being a woman and being a manager are contradictory. B. found a high correlation between the ways both male and female respondents perceived "females" and "managers." C. demonstrated how bias in sex-role stereotypes created problems for women moving up through managerial roles. D. found no correlation between the ways respondents perceived "males" and "managers."

C. demonstrated how bias in sex-role stereotypes created problems for women moving up through managerial roles

Which of the following is most likely a benefit of keeping a journal? Multiple Choice A. considering actions in a subjective way B. providing information for key followers C. documenting ideas for future speeches D. quantifying important strategic decisions

C. documenting ideas for future speeches

A personal relationship in which a more experienced mentor (usually someone two to four levels higher in an organization) acts as a guide, role model, and sponsor of a less experienced protégé is known as A. networking. B. consulting. C. mentoring D. evaluating.

C. mentoring

The tendency to overestimate the dispositional causes of behavior and underestimate the environmental causes when others fail is called A. the self-fulfilling prophecy. B. double-loop learning. C. the fundamental attribution error. D. single-loop learning.

C. the fundamental attribution error.

Which of the following definitions of leadership is fairly comprehensive and helpful? Multiple Choice A. actions that focus resources to create desirable opportunities B. directing and coordinating the work of group members C. the process of influencing an organized group toward accomplishing its goals D. the process by which an agent induces a subordinate to behave in a desired manner

C. the process of influencing an organized group toward accomplishing its goals

A key reason behind using the phrase "desirable opportunities" in a definition of leadership was precisely to distinguish between leadership and Multiple Choice A. management. B. situation. C. tyranny D. followership

C. tyranny

In survey research by Judith Rosener that identified several differences in how men and women described their leadership experiences, it was found that Multiple Choice A. women influenced others primarily through their organizational position and authority. B. men described their influence in terms of personal characteristics like charisma and interpersonal skill. C. women helped subordinates develop commitment to broader goals than their own self-interest. D. men's trust in each other tended to decrease more than women when work situations became more professionally risky.

C. women helped subordinates develop commitment to broader goals than their own self-interest.

Which of the following statements is true of informal coaching? A. It is more effective for high-performing followers than for low-performing followers. B. It is an inefficient model to be used by senior executives to develop the skills of their staff. C. It is unsuccessful in helping leadership practitioners diagnose why behavioral changes fail to occur. D. It takes place whenever a leader helps followers to change their behaviors.

D. It takes place whenever a leader helps followers to change their behaviors.

Simone, a senior sales manager at ReadMe Inc., cares about developing the skills of her teammates and works beside them as a role model. In the context of the five fundamental archetypes of leadership, she most likely belongs to the A. Warrior-Knight archetype. B. Father-Judge archetype. C. Visionary-Alchemist archetype. D. Teacher-Mentor archetype.

D. Teacher-Mentor archetype.

According to Robert Kelley's basic styles of followership, which of the following statements is true about pragmatist followers? Multiple Choice A. They apply their talents for the benefit of their organization. B. They usually point out all the negative aspects of their organization to others. C. They are the "yes people" of their organization. D. They are mediocre performers.

D. They are mediocre performers.

Which of the following leadership styles are supervisors most likely to use when interacting with subordinates with poor technical skills? A. a participative leadership style B. a friendly, supportive leadership style C. an achievement-oriented leadership style D. a close, directive leadership style

D. a close, directive leadership style

The tendency to make external attributions for one's own failures and internal attributions for one's successes is known as A. the fundamental attribution error. B. the self-fulfilling prophecy. C. the actor/observer difference. D. a self-serving bias.

D. a self-serving bias.

What is the fastest way to alter the culture and norms of a team? A. modify the corporate strategy B. revise the organizational mission C. implement new team rules D. change the people in the team

D. change the people in the team

Which of the following involves a willingness to confront your own views and an invitation to others to do so, too? A. the self-fulfilling prophecy B. single-loop learning C. the fundamental attribution error D. double-loop learning

D. double-loop learning

According to leadership researchers, leadership Multiple Choice A. postulates that leaders administer rather than innovate. B. is the study of leaders independent of the people they interact with C. requires that leaders accept the status quo. D. is an interpersonal relation in which others comply because they want to.

D. is an interpersonal relation in which others comply because they want to.

Which of the following terms describes a kind of learning between an individual and the environment in which learners seek relatively little feedback that may significantly confront their fundamental ideas or actions? A. deutero-learning B. double-loop learning C. action learning D. single-loop learning

D. single-loop learning

Kyra, a 16-year-old high school girl, is skeptical about her first day at a new school. She believes that nobody will talk to her and that her new teachers will be rude to her. She enters the class in a negative mood and speaks rudely to everyone. Eventually, she sees that her beliefs about the new school and teachers come true. Which of the following is most likely exemplified in this scenario? A. the constructionist approach B. the actor/observer difference C. the heroic theory D. the self-fulfilling prophecy

D. the self-fulfilling prophecy

Which of the following is the first step while conducting a GAPS (goals, abilities, perceptions, standards) analysis? A. to identify the standards one's boss or one's organization has for one's career objectives B. to write a journal that includes specialized knowledge or a number of skills that have helped one succeed in one's previous jobs C. to obtain information about one's strengths and development needs by asking others for feedback D. to clearly identify what one wants to do or where one wants to go with one's career over the next year or so

D. to clearly identify what one wants to do or where one wants to go with one's career over the next year or so

What is Hollander's approach to leadership called? Multiple Choice A. charismatic approach B. participative approach C. transformational approach D. transactional approach

D. transactional approach

Leadership is most associated with words like Multiple Choice A. planning. B. consistency. C. control. D. vision.

D. vision.