Management 301 RFC Exam 3

In managing resistance to organizational changes, facilitation and support method is most likely to be used when...

People are resisting because of adjustment problems

Purple Lotus is a communications and information technology company. It plans to sell 100,000 units of a product in a quarter but manages to sell only 80,000. This difference is an example of....

Performance gap

The three stages in the human resources planning process are

Planning, programming, and evaluating.

What is the legislation called that allows employees to work without having to join a union?

Right-to-work

Refers to companies that try to change the structure of their industry, creating a future competitive landscape of their own design

Shapers

Designed to reduce defects in all organization processes—not just product defects but anything that may result in customer dissatisfaction

Six sigma

Diversity training has two components

Skill building and awareness building

In diversity training, skill building differs from awareness building in that

Skill building offers tools needed to act on actual problems

_____ provides financial assistance to employees suffering from job-related injuries.

Worker's compensation

Collins and Porras believe many individuals and companies are plagued by the _____, which is an unnecessarily constraining belief that only one goal but not another can be attained.

Tyranny of the or

The three basic stages of managing resistance and motivating change within an organization

Unfreezing, moving to institute the change, and refreezing

In recent years, _____ has received more foreign direct investment than any other country.

United States

Which of the following is not part of a background check?

A needs assessment

Too much happy talk from senior management, an absence of a major crisis, many visible resources, and low overall performance standards often lead to

A sense of complacency

Which of the following statements is true of sexual harassment?

A strong commitment to diversity leads to fewer problems with sexual harassment.

Which of the following is an example of quid pro quo sexual harassment?

A supervisor denies a raise to a subordinate who refused to go out on a date.

To increase the likelihood that employees will accept a control system, it should have performance standards that are

Useful and achievable

_____ refers to the degree to which a selection test predicts or correlates with job performance.

Validity

States that only cases with significant deviation from the standard require corrective action, and that managers need not be concerned with performance that equals or closely approximates the expected results.

Principle of Exception

Reactive change

Problem driven

Organizations should ensure that their performance appraisal and reward systems reinforce the importance of effective diversity management as a form of _____ for managers.

Accountability

A seemingly neutral employment practice that has a disproportionately negative effect on a group protected by the Civil Rights Act is said to have a(n)

Adverse impact

A frank and open-minded discussion of four basic questions aimed at continuous improvement is referred to as a(n)

After-action review

Which of the following is the biggest cause of failure of overseas managers?

Family issues

A common disadvantage of _____ control is the long time lags that often occur between performance and review, slowing down managerial response.

Feedback

When legal experts advise companies to establish policies forbidding disclosure of proprietary information, they are exercising _____ control.

Feedforward control

Typically considered part of a firm's capital budget

Fixed assets

To help minorities and women enter the informal network that provides exposure to top management, many companies have implemented formal

Mentoring programs

When a company prefers to base salaries on performance, in the absence of objective performance measures, it uses a(n) _____, which is based on ratings given by managers.

Merit pay system

A change-specific reason for resistance to change

Misunderstanding

_____ combined the economies of the United States, Canada, and Mexico into one of the world's largest trading blocs.

NAFTA

Method for managing resistance to change typically involves giving a person who resists change a desirable role in the change process

manipulation and cooptation

Culture shock

the disorientation and stress associated with being in a foreign environment

For today's managers, opportunities are greater because

the movement toward free trade has opened up many formerly protected national markets

Offshoring is appropriate for a business when

the product is widely available

Expatriates are

parent-company nationals who are sent to work at a foreign subsidiary.

The process of using multiple sources of appraisal to gain a comprehensive perspective on one's performance is known as a

360-degree appraisal

Which of the following is not a reason why workers typically vote for unionization?

An attempt to influence the stock price

The glass ceiling is

An invisible barrier that prevents female employees from being promoted.

An external factor that influences the wage mix is

Area wage rates

One difference between a structured interview and an unstructured interview is that a structured interview

Asks the same questions to all applicants

A control system that combines four sets of performance measures—financial, customer, business process, and learning and growth

Balanced scorecard

Which of the following is a benefit of diversity in work teams that leads to creativity and innovation?

Broader base of experience

Bureaucratic control includes such items as

Budgets and statistical reports

Designed to measure progress toward set performance goals, and if necessary, to apply corrective measures to ensure that performance achieves managers' objectives

Bureaucratic control system

_____ is the largest source of imports to the United States.

China

The 1964 Civil Rights Act prohibits discrimination in employment based on

Color

After Hector completed performance reviews with his employees, he knew that he did not give full and objective feedback to several of them who were of a different ethnicity. Which of the following challenges of diversity is Hector facing in this scenario?

Communication problems

Step after measuring performance in a typical control process

Comparing performance against the standards

One approach to increasing diversity in the workplace is affirmative action, the primary intent of which is to

Correct historical discrimination and exclusion

A leverage ratio that indicates a company's ability to meet its long-term financial obligations

Debt-equity ratio

One difficult part of human resources planning is trying to determine how many and what types of people are needed in an organization, which is known as a

Demand forecast

_____ involves teaching managers and professional employees broader skills needed for their present and future jobs.

Development

Employers benefit from hiring _____ workers because they miss fewer days of work and exhibit lower turnover, plus the company may take advantage of available tax credits.

Disabled

Which of the following terms refers to all kinds of differences, such as differences in gender, race, age, nationality, and religious affiliation?

Diversity

Multicultural organizations differ from pluralistic ones in that within the former

Diversity is valued and leveraged

Method for managing resistance to change begins before changes occur to inform people about the nature of the change and its logic? The method can include one-on-one discussions, reports, and memos, together with a focus on feedback and listening

Education and communication

In leading change in an organization, _____ refers to getting rid of systems that constrain rather than facilitate and providing people with information, knowledge, authority and rewards.

Empowering broad-based action

Has become an essential part of clan control because employees' jobs, the nature of management, and the employment relationship have all changed.

Empowerment

_____ is integrating economically to form the biggest market in the world.

Europe

One consequence of a rapidly aging workforce is a tremendous loss of

Expertise

Global expansion has the advantage of maximizing scale economies and the disadvantage of high transportation costs

Exporting

When an organization investigates another company as a candidate for acquisition

External audit

Helps managers to manage the change process by investigating specific factors that prevent people from changing and those that drive people toward change

Force-field analysis

In the Level 5 hierarchy, which refers to an individual who makes productive contributions through talent, knowledge, skills, and good work habits?

Highly capable individual

Which of the following is a characteristic of monolithic organizations?

Highly homogeneous

Which department within an organization deals with activities such as staffing, training, performance appraisal, and labor relations?

Human resources

Considering current understanding of employment at will, under which of the following conditions is it legal to terminate someone?

If an employee performs adequately at work

Diversity can be a powerful tool for building competitive advantage in several ways, such as by helping companies attract and retain motivated employees and

Improving understanding of a differentiated market.

One of the most important changes in the U.S. labor market has been the

Increasing number of women working outside the home

Even after optical scanning and e-mailing became accepted technologies for sharing documents, some people still resisted using them in favor of what they were used to, such as faxing. This type of resistance to change is called....

Inertia

Other than offshoring, what is an alternative explanation for the decline in manufacturing and administrative support jobs in the United States?

Innovation

Shared leadership in change efforts

It occurs when people not only support a change but also help implement it.

An internal recruitment tool used by organizations is the

Job-posting system

Ethnocentrism

Judging others by the standards of one's own culture, which are seen as superior.

A disadvantage of franchising internationally is the

Loss of control over quality

_____ has been criticized for resulting in unrealistic expectations, too much rigidity, and too much focus on short-term achievement at the expense of long-term goals.

Management by objectives

Refers to focusing on short-term earnings and profits at the expense of longer-term strategic obligations

Management myopia

Type of control system where business units be treated as profit centers that must trade resources via economic transactions

Market control

Refers to a systemwide application of behavioral science knowledge to improve and reinforce the strategies, structures, and processes that lead to organization effectiveness

Organization development

Employees are a source of competitive advantage when they are

Organized

Which of the following myths is associated with parochialism?

Our way is the only way

Ratio that indicates management's ability to generate a financial return on sales or investment.

Profitability ratios

A difference between reactive and proactive changes

Reactive change involves responding to a problem, whereas proactive change involves preparing for an uncertain future.

Which of the following is true about the multinational model of global strategy?

Research and development functions are performed by the subsidiaries.

As a result of personal filters and distortions, group members often _____ their colleagues who are different from them rather than accurately perceiving and evaluating those individuals' contributions, capabilities, aspirations, and motivations.

Stereotype

The four key factors that lead to sustained, superior performance of companies

Strategy, execution, structure, and culture

Organization development intervention that relates to organizational design, employee involvement, and work design

Techno-structural interventions

The act that prohibits U.S. employees from bribing officials in other countries is known as

The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act

_____ is currently negotiating with various nations over objections to environmental regulations and subsidies to farmers in developed countries, on the grounds that they conflict with free trade.

The WTO

A job analysis determines

The skills and knowledge needed for a position

Obtaining commitment from _____ is critical for diversity programs to succeed so that other parties in the organization will take it seriously.

Top management

Refers to introducing and sustaining multiple policies, practices, and procedures across multiple units and levels in an organization

Total organization change

The fee charged by one unit for a good or service provided to another unit within the organization

Transfer price

The _____ model allows managers to "think globally but act locally," pursuing local responsiveness, transfer of know-how, and cost economies simultaneously.

Transnational

Reasons why workers typically vote for unionization

a desire to raise the average wage poor working conditions lack of communication a history of arbitrary discipline and discharge

In Hofstede's chart, the extent to which a society accepts the fact that power in organizations is distributed unequally is known as

power distance

Pressures for a global integration strategy for all markets are increased by the presence of

pressure to reduce costs

The activity-based costing approach results in

spreading costs over activities, such as by the time spent on each