Management 340 CH 1

role

A set of expectations for a manager's behavior.

organization

A social entity that is goal directed and deliberately structured.

bureaucratic organizations approach

A systematic approach developed in Europe that looked at the organization as a whole, a subfield within the classical perspective. Max Weber (1864-1920), a German theorist, introduced most of the concepts on bureaucratic organizations.

administrative principles approach

Another major subfield within the classical perspective that focuses on the total organization rather than the productivity of the individual worker. The major contributor to this approach was Henri Fayol (1841-1925), a French mining engineer.

humanistic perspective

Emphasizes the importance of understanding human behaviors, needs, and attitudes in the workplace, as well as social interactions and group processes. There are three primary subfields based on the humanistic perspective: the human relations movement, the human resources perspective, and the behavioral sciences approach.

quality movement

Japanese companies achieved a significant departure from the American model by gradually shifting from an inspection-oriented approach to quality control toward an approach that emphasized employee involvement in the prevention of quality problems.

universalist view

Management concepts were thought to be universal; that is, whatever worked in terms of management style, bureaucratic structure, and so on in one organization would work in any other one.

Hawthorne effect

Observation that employee motivation is affected as much or more by recognition and show of concern, as it is by improvements in their work conditions. Observed by the US productivity researcher George Elton Mayo (1810-1949), during 1927 to 1933 at the Hawthorne (Illinois) plant of Western Electric.

Hawthorne studies

Observation that employee motivation is affected as much or more by recognition and show of concern, as it is by improvements in their work conditions. Observed by the US productivity researcher George Elton Mayo (1810-1949), during 1927 to 1933 at the Hawthorne (Illinois) plant of Western Electric.

Time management

Refers to using techniques that enable you to get more done in less time and with better results, be more relaxed, and have more time to enjoy your work and your life.

Scientific management

Scientifically determined jobs and management practices as the way to improve efficiency and labor productivity.

behavioral sciences approach

The ___ ___ approach uses scientific methods and draws from sociology, psychology, anthropology, economics, and other disciplines to develop theories about human behavior and interaction in an organizational setting.

efficiency

The amount of resources used to achieve an organizational goal.

performance

The attainment of organizational goals by using resources in an efficient and effective manner.

effectiveness

The degree to which the organization achieves a stated goal, or succeeds in accomplishing what it tries to do.

Management

The the attainment of organizational goals in an effective and efficient manner through planning, organizing, leading, and controlling organizational resources. This definition includes two important ideas: (1) the four functions of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling, and (2) the attainment of organizational goals in an effective and efficient manner.

classical perspective

This perspective contains three subfields, each with a slightly different emphasis: scientific management, bureaucratic organizations, and administrative principles.

Management science

also referred to as the quantitative perspective,provided a way to address those problems. This view is distinguished for its application of mathematics, statistics, and other quantitative techniques to management decision making and problem solving.

organization development

evolved as a separate field that applied the behavioral sciences to improve the organization's health and effectiveness through its ability to cope with change, improve internal relationships, and increase problem-solving capabilities.

total quality management (TQM)

focuses on managing the total organization to deliver better quality to customers, moved to the forefront in helping U.S. managers deal with global competition. The approach infuses high-quality values throughout every activity within a company, with frontline workers intimately involved in the process. Four significant elements of quality management are employee involvement, focus on the customer, benchmarking, and continuous improvement.

Social media programs

include company online community pages, social media sites such as Facebook or LinkedIn, microblogging platforms such as Twitter and China's Weibo, and company online forums.

customer relationship management (CRM)

is a model for managing a company's interactions with current and future customers.

supply chain

is a network of multiple businesses and individuals that are connected through the flow of products or services.

Systems thinking

is the ability to see both the distinct elements of a system or situation and the complex and changing interaction among those elements.

human resources perspective

maintained an interest in worker participation and considerate leadership but shifted the emphasis to consider the daily tasks that people perform. The human resources perspective combines prescriptions for design of job tasks with theories of motivation.

Employee involvement

means that achieving better quality requires companywide participation in quality control.

contingency view

means that one thing depends on other things and a manager's response to a situation depends on identifying key contingencies in an organizational situation.

Benchmarking

refers to a process whereby companies find out how others do something better than they do and then try to imitate or improve on it.

Supply chain management

refers to managing the sequence of suppliers and purchasers, covering all stages of processing from obtaining raw materials to distributing finished goods to consumers.

Synergy

says that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts. The organization must be managed as a whole.

human relations movement

was based on the idea that truly effective control comes from within the individual worker rather than from strict, authoritarian control.