MANAGEMENT EXAM - CRITERIA FOR ETHICAL DECISION MAKING

The Justice Approach

refers to the ethical concept that moral decisions must be based on standards of equity, fairness and impartiality.

Moral Rights Approach

Moral rights could be considered during decision making are: - The right of free consent: individuals are to be treated only as they knowingly and freely consent to be treated. - The right to privacy: individuals can choose to do as they please away from work and have control of information about their private life. - The right of freedom of conscience: individuals may refrain from carrying out any order that violates their moral or religious norms. - The right of free speech: individuals may criticise truthfully the ethics or legally of actions of others. - The right to due process: individuals have the right to an impartial hearing and fair treatment. - The right to life and safety: individuals have a right to live without endangerment or violation of their health and safety.

Individualism Approach

One value of understanding this approach is to recognise short-term variations if they are proposed.

Utilitarian Approach

Under this approach, a decision maker is expected to consider the effect of each possible decision on all parties and select the one that optimises the satisfaction for the greatest number of people. The utilitarian approach is cited as the basis for some organisation's habits.

Distributive Justice

refers to the concept that different treatment of people should not be based on arbitrary characteristics. In this case of substantive differences people should be treated differently in proportion to the differences among them.

Compensatory Justice

refers to the concept that individuals should be compensated for the cost of their injuries by the party responsible and also the individuals should not be held responsible for matters over which they had no control.

Procedural Justice

refers to the concept that rules should be clearly stated, and consistently and impartially enforced.

Individualism Approach

refers to the ethical concept that acts are moral when they promote the individual's best long term interests, which ultimately leads to the greater good.

Utilitarian Approach

refers to the ethical concept that moral behaviour produces the greatest good for the greatest number.

Moral Rights Approach

refers to the ethical concept that moral decisions are those that best maintain the rights of those people who are affected by them.