Management Midterm
What are the guidelines for intensive rehabilitation services? - Patient must require and receive at least ___ hrs. a day of PT and/or OT - "__ out of every ___ days", or ___ hours / week - ___ and ___/____ services also count towards the three hours. - 7-day period begins on ___ ___ ___
3, 5, 7, 15 SLP, prosthetic/orthotic day of admission
Supervision of Certified Occupational Therapist Assistants - Less than 1 year of practice = ___% on-site face-to-face supervision per month - More than 1 year of practice = __% direct supervision with __% being face-to-face
5, 5, 2
What is the 60/40 rule? At least ___ percent of a facility's patients in a year must have at least ___ of ___ specified conditions as the ____ admitting diagnosis, or as a secondary diagnosis that requires an ___ level of care
60, 1, 13, principal, IRF
What makes up the 60% and 40% of admissions in IRF? The ____ ___
CMS 13
What leadership theory? Stresses the personal identification of followers with the leader, who formulates an inspirational vision and impression that the leader's mission is extraordinary.
Charismatic
What are the parts of the post-acute continuum (PAC)? ___ > ____ > _____ > ____ > ____
IRF, SNF, LTAC, Home health, outpatient
____ rewards received as a direct consequence of a person's actions _____ rewards given by another person
Intrinsic, Extrinsic
Management, leadership, or supervision? Planning Directing Organizing Controlling
Management
What leadership theory? Leaders adopt a leadership style that best fits the developmental level of their subordinates' competence and commitment.
Situational
Lewin's Model of Change = ___ > ____ > ____
Unfreeze, change, refreeze
Discipline and Separation Step 1: Remind/reinstruct Step 2: ____ warning Step 3: ____ warning Step 4: ____ Step 5: Termination
Verbal, Written, Suspension
Examples of _____ statements include: - To become the health-care provider and employer of choice in the city of Boston - To be a global leader in innovation in providing high-quality, cost-effective service - To become a national model for provision of creative and highly effective fieldwork education
Vision
3. Which of the following is not one of the three strategies for fostering individual change identified by Bennis, Benne, and Chin and still commonly cited in the literature? a. Educative or empirical-rational b. Consultative-negotiation c. Normative or persuasive d. Power-coercive
b. Consultative-negotiation
6. A description of the appropriate ratio of OTs, OTAs, and service extenders or aides needed to provide care that is effective but also cost efficient would best be called a: a. Staffing plan. b. Skill mix. c. Case mix ratio. d. Staffing index.
b. Skill mix.
7. From a marketing perspective, nurses, payers, patients, doctors, and outside referral sources may all best be categorized as which of the following? a. Health-care consumers b. Internal audiences c. Customers d. External audiences
c. Customers
All of the following were identified as challenges to using an evidence-based approach to management by occupational therapy managers except : a. Access to electronic journals and scientific forms of evidence. b. Time to find and carefully assess the evidence. c. Little evidence exists on management-related questions. d. The amount of evidence available can be overwhelming.
c. Little evidence exists on management-related questions.
A ____ ___ = - Geared toward marketing and fundraising - Describes the organization's goals, capabilities, and strengths and the benefits it provides
case statement
An _____ plan = - a coordinated set of tasks for carrying out the goals delineated in a strategic plan - Goes into greater detail than the strategic plan - Identifies specific time frames and deadlines for activities - Assigns activities to specific organizational members to aid accountability
operating
_____ are developed with the customer/____ in mind
procedures, user
Stages of mentoring include: 1. B_____ 2. E_____ 3. S_____ 4. T____
Birth, engagement, sustainment, transition
Top 10 Resume Writing Pitfalls 6. B____ 7. G____ 8. _____ Information 9. Too ___ 10. Too ____
Boring, generic, Irrelevant Brief, Verbose
CMS 13, cont: 9. B___ 10. Active, polyarticular _____ _____, psoriatic arthritis, and seronegative arthropathies 11. Systemic vasculidities with ____ _____
Burns, rheumatoid arthritis, joint inflammation
Basic resume Need to Know's = 1. Three C's = ____, ____ & _____ 2. Brainstorm _____ Information 3. R______!
Clear, Concise, & Consistent Relevant Research
Transformational leadership = - ____ with followers - Provides ____ and ____ - Encourages _____
Connect vision and mission creativity
Supervision = - ___ direction of work - Promote improved ___ - Higher quality ___
Controlled, performance outcomes
Which type of team is this? - Composed of persons with specific expertise and knowledge - Work together to achieve an assigned goal or fulfill a specific purpose for the organization - Ex: teams come together with persons from all levels of the organization - Assign a specific task and may include consumers i.e. finance, marketing, human resources, therapy
Cross-functional
Which model of supervision? assume we are all continually growing in fits and starts and in growth spurts and patterns. Beginning - intermediate - advanced level supervisee
Developmental
What are the 4 D's in the 4-D model of appreciative inquiry?
Discovery, dream, design, delivery/destiny
____Theory - - Working extra hours but no extra pay - Salaried staff receive no overtime for working extra hours
Equity
Basic resume Need to Know's = - Free of ___/____ - ___/____ Tense Usage - Spelling - Grammar
Error/Typos Past/Present
Which type of team is this? - Composed of persons from several vertical levels of the organization who perform specific organizational functions - Ex: managers from different departments meeting for COVID updates/safety protocol
Functional
Group or team? - Collection of individuals - Have regular contact and frequent interaction, mutual influence, common feeling of camaraderie - Work together to achieve a common goal - Example: Leadership group consisting of regional, district, local managers; team coordinator group
Group
Resume Components = 1. _____ of the Document 2. Summary / Profile 3. E____ 4. Work/ _____ / Volunteer Experience 5. C_____ 6. Honors / Awards/Research 7. Extra-Curricular Activities/____
Header , education, Fieldwork, ertifications, Affiliations
- Cultural _____ - Self-reflection to increase knowledge of other cultures - Cultural ____- Recognizing but not judging differences and similarities - Cultural ___- providers communicate in a respectful, empowering and inclusive way
Humility, Sensitivity, Safety
Which type of team is this? - Composed of members from several disciplines working interdependently in the same setting - Coordinate work and communicate more formally to contribute to an interdisciplinary plan of care - Ex: different disciplines see the same client and create a care plan (i.e. SNF - social worker, RN, OT, PT, ST)
Interdisciplinary
CMS 13, cont: 13. ____ or ___ ____ ____ (or both) immediately preceding the IRF admission, and meets one or more of the following specific criteria: I. _____ knee or hip joint replacement surgery II. Body Mass Index of at least ____ at the time of admission to the IRF. III. The patient is age ___ or older at the time of admission to the IRF.
Knee, hip, joint replacement, Bilateral, 50, 85
Management, leadership, or supervision? Creating change Integrating values Integrate vision and ethics
Leadership
_______: Provides highest level of public protection by prohibiting unlicensed individuals from practicing occupational therapy or referring to themselves as occupational therapists/occupational therapy assistants. Licensure laws reserve a certain scope of practice for those who are issued a license.
Licensure
_____ ______ refers to providing services by a limited number of professionals for a fixed prepaid fee (capitated payment).
Managed care
_____ is the level of arousal, direction, and persistence of behavior related to a goal
Motivation
Which type of team is this? - Composed of members from more than one discipline so that the team can offer a greater breadth of services to patients - Team members work independently and interact formally. - Ex: Share ideas regarding discharge planning
Multidisciplinary
_____: learners focus on learning the rules of a particular skill. _____ _____: learners focus on applying the rules of a skill in specific situations that become increasingly dependent on the particular context of the situation. _____ = learners see actions in terms of long-range goals or plans and are consciously aware of their skills. _____: learners perceive situations as "wholes" rather than "aspects," and their performance is guided by intuitive behavior. ____: learners integrate mastered skills with their own personal styles.
Novice, Advanced beginner, Competency, Proficiency, Expert
Which element of the 7 P's of marketing is this an example of? First impressions Internal - Telephone communication - Waiting room - Therapy area External - Parking - Travel distance
Packaging
What leadership theory? Leaders increase personal payoffs for subordinates for goal attainment and make the path to these payoffs easier to travel by reducing obstacles, thereby improving performance
Path goal
Which element of the 7 P's of marketing is this an example of? - Do your employees understand your product and its place in the organization? - Prepare employees to talk to others about your product(s). - Define the distinct value of the occupational therapy or other services you are providing.
People
Which element of the 7 P's of marketing is this an example of? Client testimonials Client satisfaction surveys
Physical evidence
Types of Controls = - _____: Standards related to tangible elements of a product or outcome of a process, such as smoothness, texture, or size - ____: Amounts or counts that provide a measure of conformance and efficiency, such as the number of units of care provided, or hours billed
Physical, Quantity
Which element of the 7 P's of marketing is this an example of? - Traditional clinic services: the client comes to your location. - On-site: you go to the client's location. - Telehealth: client calls a phone service
Place
Management = P_____ D_____ O_____ C_____
Planning Directing Organizing Controlling
_____ is the ability to force compliance to one's wishes through coercion despite resistance. ___ ____ is the right to issue orders or direct action by virtue of one's formal position.
Power, Formal authority
Which element of the 7 P's of marketing is this an example of? Value Associated costs: - Time costs - Emotional or psychological costs - Physical costs - Monetary costs
Price
What are the 7 Ps of mixed marketing?
Product Price Place Promotion Physical evidence Packaging People
The 4 P's of Marketing include = 1. ___ 2. ___ 3. ____ 4. ____
Products, price, place, promotion
Which element of the 7 P's of marketing is this an example of? Develop an external action plan: - Who is the target population? : - Who are internal or external customers? - What are your consumers' and customers' goals? : - Who will be involved in deciding where to go for services? : - What is the most efficient and effective way to reach your consumers and customers?
Promotion
Types of Controls = - _____: Quantitative measures of quality, such as outcome measures or patient or customer satisfaction - ____: The cost of a process, such as the cost per unit of service provided, or the cost of materials associated with a process, such as fabricating a splint
Quality, Cost
Which type of team is this? - Operate with a high level of autonomy and responsibility - Still held accountable for outcomes and projects assigned to the teams - Ex: PT/OT working on research workshop and meet every year to organize the workshop
Self-directed
What leadership theory? Leaders should be attentive to the concerns of followers and empathize with and nurture them by first empowering them and helping them to develop their personal capacities.
Servant
___ ___ ___ = The number of immediate subordinates who report to any one supervisor
Span of Control
___ ___ = the number and type of staff ___ ___ = the appropriate ratio of therapists, assistants, and therapy extenders
Staff plans, Skill mix
What does SOAR stand for?
Strengths Opportunities Aspirations Results
What does SWOT stand for?
Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities Threats
What are the CMS 13? 1. S____ 2. S___ 3. C_____ d_____ 4. A_____
Stroke, SCI, congenital deformity, amputation
Management, leadership, or supervision? Controlled direction of work Promote improved performance Higher quality outcomes
Supervision
Group or team? - Group of people focused on completion of a shared goal - Operate with a high degree of interdependence - Share authority and responsibility for self-management - Responsible for collective performance - Work toward a common goal and shared rewards - Ex: Includes teams of staff in certain geographical areas i.e. South 4
Team
Basic resume Need to Know's = 8. ___ ___ ___ Font, size 10-12 10. ___ Margins 11. Name Only, ___ Size Font 12. No Personal ____
Times New Roman, 10-12 0.5, 14-16 Pronouns
____ activities = related to improving an employee's capacity to perform his or her current job, such as learning a new treatment technique related to a patient population that he or she currently treats. _____ activities are related to improving an employee's capacity for a specific but future job, such as a staff therapist taking an introductory course on supervising others. _____ activities are related to overall capacities that may be used in any job, such as time management or communication skills.
Training, Education, Development
What leadership theory? Leaders promise rewards and benefits to subordinates for meeting work goals, and leaders and subordinates agree through transactions on what will lead to reward and how to avoid punishment.
Transactional
Which type of team is this? - Engage in teaching and learning across disciplinary boundaries - Entrust, prepare, and supervise the sharing of disciplinary functions while retaining ultimate responsibility for services provided - Ex: teaching other staff skills to work with clients - Rehab tech, PCA (personal care attendant)
Transdisciplinary
What leadership theory? Leaders achieve change by expressing the value associated with outcomes and by articulating a vision of the future, resulting in commitment, effort, and improved performance on the part of subordinates.
Transformational
______- important to the employer but not all staff value the reward i.e. Escape room for team building in the evening ______- employee believes if they go the extra mile they will improve performance (more clients seen per day = higher productivity) _____ - quality of performance based on the rewards (higher productivity = monthly recognition/gift card)
Valence, Expectancy, Instrumentality
____ _____ Theory = - Motivation = Expectancy x Instrumentality x Valence - Depends on the person's expectations about their ability to perform assigned work tasks and receive desired rewards - Outcomes have value if they lead to other valued outcomes
Vroom's Expectancy
Top 10 Resume Writing Pitfalls 1. W___ 2. Grammatical/_____ Errors 3. ____ Content 4. Utilizing ____ 5. C____
Wordy, Spelling, Vague Templates, Cute
Which of the following is most accurate in regard to AOTA official documents such as concept papers, guidelines, or position papers? a. AOTA official documents represent a consensus opinion of experts, so they should influence practice and action but are not always the "final word" in decision-making. b. AOTA official documents represent legal opinions published by AOTA on behalf of the profession and must be followed. c. AOTA official documents are historical only in nature; they reflect past practices and not current recommendations for practice or action. d. AOTA official documents represent a consensus opinion of experts and are often officially sanctioned and accepted by the federal government.
a. AOTA official documents represent a consensus opinion of experts, so they should influence practice and action but are not always the "final word" in decision-making.
5. Which of the following employment processes is not appropriate for inclusion in an assessment system of entry-level competencies for a new employee? a. Advanced competencies b. Orientation competencies c. Equipment use competencies d. Age-specific competencies
a. Advanced competencies
3. Which of the following is most accurate in regard to the status of professional regulation as of 2014? a. All 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and Guam had some form of regulation. b. All 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and Guam had licensure, which is the strongest form of regulation c. All 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and Guam had title protection, which is the strongest form of regulation. d. All 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and Guam had certifi cation, which is the strongest form of regulation.
a. All 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and Guam had some form of regulation.
6. Service competency is best defined as: a. Assuring that the OTA performs tasks in the same way that the OT would and achieves the same outcome. b. A designation that employee orientation has been successfully completed. c. A category of feedback typically provided during the review step of a performance appraisal cycle. d. None of the above.
a. Assuring that the OTA performs tasks in the same way that the OT would and achieves the same outcome.
In assessing the evidence you are considering, which of the following would be least likely to impact your decision? a. Country of origin of the evidence b. Strength of the evidence c. Quality of the evidence d. Level of the evidence
a. Country of origin of the evidence
4. Which of the following best describes forcefi eld analysis? a. It involves an analysis of both driving and restraining forces to change. b. It is likely to arise when individuals perceive that they have no influence over whether to change or how to change. c. It involves learning to recognize the unwritten rules involved in organizational culture. d. It involves understanding your assumptions and learning to recognize the assumptions of others about change.
a. It involves an analysis of both driving and restraining forces to change.
1. Your manager has asked you to complete a SWOT analysis. Which of the following components of the marketing process addresses the SWOT analysis? a. Organizational assessment b. Environmental assessment c. Market analysis d. Marketing communications
a. Organizational assessment
Determining the costs for staff salaries and benefits, equipment, and other operational expenses, as well as the amount of revenue anticipated, would best be described as which of the following functions of a manager? a. Planning b. Controlling c. Organizing and staffing d. Directing
a. Planning
6. The stage of strategic planning in which you identify your key customers and their expectations; identify other key stakeholders and their expectations; identify your key suppliers, partners, and collaborators; and assess the health of your relationships with all of these persons would best be called: a. Planning to plan. b. Environmental assessment and monitoring. c. Business modeling. d. Action planning.
a. Planning to plan.
6. From a marketing perspective, the time required to take advantage of your product or service, the psychological and emotional toll of taking advantage of your product or service, and the physical pain that may be experienced when taking advantage of your product or service would best be categorized as which of the following? a. Price b. Product weaknesses c. Disadvantages d. Service dissatisfiers
a. Price
5. Which of the following is the most accurate definition of interprofessional education? a. Students from two or more professions learn about, from, and with each other to enable effective collaboration and improve health outcomes. b. Students from two or more professions are educated in the same university or college to gain efficiencies in space and faculty. c. Students from two or more professions are placed in the same setting for their clinical fieldwork education following completion of their classroom education. d. Students from two or more professions have educational programs with similar curricular elements such as basic science courses (e.g., biology or anatomy).
a. Students from two or more professions learn about, from, and with each other to enable effective collaboration and improve health outcomes.
5. Tangible information readily available to your customers may best be called: a. Tangible evidence. b. Price. c. Promotion. d. SWOT data
a. Tangible evidence.
2. The term span of control is best defined as: a. The number of immediate subordinates who report to any one supervisor. b. The range of influence that any supervisor or manager has in an organization. c. The extent to which you have requisite authority over employees in a department. d. How broadly or narrowly your reports are distributed over a geographic area.
a. The number of immediate subordinates who report to any one supervisor.
Which of the following is most accurate in regard to variability in licensure laws in the 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and Guam? a. There is considerable variation in issues such as practicing without a referral, continuing education requirements, and supervision requirements for OTAs. b. Due to the NBCOT certification examination, all licensure laws are 100% consistent across the 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and Guam. c. There is considerable variation in whether or not occupational therapists can practice without a referral, but all other elements of licensure laws are consistent across the 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and Guam. d. Most elements of licensure laws are consistent across the 50 states, but there is much variation in the territories, including the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and Guam.
a. There is considerable variation in issues such as practicing without a referral, continuing education requirements, and supervision requirements for OTAs.
Two leadership theories that were developed separately but are recognized as most effective when they are combined are: a. Transactional Leadership Theory and Transformational Leadership Theory. b. Situational Leadership Theory and Servant Leadership Theory. c. Charismatic Leadership Theory and Servant Leadership Theory. d. Path-Goal Leadership Theory and Situational Leadership Theory.
a. Transactional Leadership Theory and Transformational Leadership Theory.
In regard to the additive effect of transformational leadership and transactional leadership, which of the following is generally accepted as true? a. Transactional leadership and transformational leadership are not contradictory styles but instead are complementary and can be used together. b. The impact of transformational leadership on follower satisfaction is limited and only shown to occur when strategies are added to transactional leadership strategies. c. There is no additive effect, as transformational leadership and transactional leadership have been proven to be contradictory in nature. d. There is no relationship between transformational leadership and transactional leadership because one is a strategic approach and the other is a supervisory approach.
a. Transactional leadership and transformational leadership are not contradictory styles but instead are complementary and can be used together.
An aspirational description of the future state of an organization that identifies the organization's primary goals would best be called a: a. Vision statement. b. Strategic plan. c. Policy and procedure. d. Mission statement
a. Vision statement.
Which of the following is most accurate regarding involvement of key stakeholders in the EBP process? a. You may present an evidence brief or summary to key stakeholders to discuss the evidence, pros and cons of different options, what is feasible in your setting, and what barriers might exist to implementation. b. It is best not to discuss evidence with key stakeholders because many have not been exposed to or properly trained in EBP approaches. c. Key stakeholders should only be involved in identifying the questions to be answered through an EBP process. d. Key stakeholders may be a useful source of data, information, and other forms of evidence but you must be extremely careful of the bias this introduces to answering evidence-based management questions.
a. You may present an evidence brief or summary to key stakeholders to discuss the evidence, pros and cons of different options, what is feasible in your setting, and what barriers might exist to implementation.
According to McClelland's Acquired Needs Theory, people have a need for ____, _____, and ______
achievement, affiliation and power
Which of the following is the best strategy for occupational therapy managers who do not have easy access to electronic bibliographic databases to find evidence? a. Return to graduate school for an advanced degree in order to access relevant databases. b. Access free databases such as PubMed or ProQuest, which are accessible with membership or certification through occupational therapy organizations. c. Rely on articles and evidence found on the Internet through Internet search engines. d. Rely only on data and other forms of evidence published in the public domain by commercial publishers.
b. Access free databases such as PubMed or ProQuest, which are accessible with membership or certification through occupational therapy organizations.
4. Which of the following is not one of the management approaches to supervision presented in this chapter? a. Systematic management approach b. Achievement approach c. Human relations approach d. Contingency (or situational) approach
b. Achievement approach
3. Which of the following is a key difference between a group and a team ? a. Teams work collaboratively, whereas groups are typically self-focused. b. Although both are task focused, teams can emphasize performance to a much more significant extent. c. The key distinguishing factor between a group and a team is the frequency and duration of interaction. d. Groups pursue individual awards via individual performance and teams pursue collective rewards.
b. Although both are task focused, teams can emphasize performance to a much more significant extent.
Which of the following is most accurate regarding the typologies you might select to evaluate evidence related to management questions? a. Because using an evidence-based approach to occupational therapy management is so new, there have not been any appropriate typologies for evaluating related evidence identified. b. Although there are variations in the approaches used by different scholars and sources, most use similar approaches to assigning a level to the evidence that is being examined. c. There is wide variation in the approaches used in various typologies for evaluating evidence and they have little in common. d. There is a single universal typology for evaluating all forms of evidence that has been identifi ed for use with the occupational therapy management literature.
b. Although there are variations in the approaches used by different scholars and sources, most use similar approaches to assigning a level to the evidence that is being examined.
5. An individual, internal or external to the organization, who plays a significant role in fostering and promoting change within an organization and who fosters change with an organization's best interest in mind might best be called a: a. Driving force. b. Change agent. c. Transactional agent. d. Restraining force.
b. Change agent.
8. Which is most accurate in regard to the assessment of competencies for occupational therapy managers? a. The assessment of competencies is a process used only for front-line clinical staff and not for managers. b. Competencies for managers can be categorized according to the traditional functions of managers and threshold and high-performing competencies. c. Competencies for managers relate only to entry level competency and are not helpful in identifying more advanced managerial competencies. d. Assessment of competencies for the manager is a new idea with little support, and we should wait to see if there is any empirical support before developing managerial competencies.
b. Competencies for managers can be categorized according to the traditional functions of managers and threshold and high-performing competencies.
2. Which of the following best names a team composed of persons with specific expertise and knowledge from different functional areas who work together to achieve an assigned goal or fulfill a specific purpose for the organization, where each member brings his or her expertise and contributes in a unique way to the team's functioning and outcomes? a. Functional work team b. Cross-functional work team c. Multiprofessional team d. Self-directed team
b. Cross-functional work team
2. Which component of the marketing process best helps you to identify the needs of your external customers? a. Organizational assessment b. Environmental assessment c. Market analysis d. Marketing communications
b. Environmental assessment
3. Which common form of promotional media may be perceived as an interruption by customers? a. Direct mailings b. Face-to-face meetings c. Seminars d. TV ads
b. Face-to-face meetings
A legislative act that provides for free and appropriate education for children with disabilities in the least restrictive environment and includes requirements for the states to develop EI programs would best be called the: a. Patient Protection, Education and Affordable Care Act. b. Individuals With Disabilities Education Act. c. Health Insurance Portability, Accountability and Education Act. d. Rehabilitation Services Education Act.
b. Individuals With Disabilities Education Act.
6. Which of the following best describes the relationship between interprofessional education and the provision of optimal health services? a. Existing health-care teams are spurred to provide optimal health services when they are the beneficiaries of interprofessional continuing education. b. Interprofessional education helps to prepare a workforce ready for collaborative practice that then promotes the provision of optimal health services. c. The provision of optimal health-care services promotes increased collaboration between team members on an interprofessional team. d. There is no proven relationship between interprofessional education and the provision of optimal health services.
b. Interprofessional education helps to prepare a workforce ready for collaborative practice that then promotes the provision of optimal health services.
One often- cited difference between leadership and management mentioned in this chapter is : a. Leaders are born, whereas managers are made. b. Leaders focus on strategic change, whereas managers focus on the "status quo." c. Leadership has been researched in depth, whereas little research exists on management. d. Leadership skills are a distinct set of skills used at particular times, whereas management skills are broad skills used in almost every situation.
b. Leaders focus on strategic change, whereas managers focus on the "status quo."
A state-run program that is jointly funded by states and the federal government for people who have limited income or high medical expenses where eligibility for the limited income cohort is based on the family income and size in relation to the national poverty level would best be called which of the following? a. Medicare b. Medicaid c. Workers' compensation d. Sliding scale self-pay
b. Medicaid
1. A statement that sets forth an organization's or department's purpose, including definitions, products, and services, is best called a: a. Vision statement. b. Mission statement. c. Purpose statement. d. Business statement
b. Mission statement.
8. Which of the following is not one of the identified phases of controlling? a. Establishing standards b. Negotiating goals c. Measuring performance d. Correcting deviations
b. Negotiating goals
4. A document that includes a coordinated set of tasks for carrying out the goals delineated in a strategic plan, goes into greater detail specifying specific time frames and deadlines for activities, and assigns activities to specific organizational members to aid accountability would best be called a(n): a. Business plan. b. Operational plan. c. Case statement. d. SOAR plan.
b. Operational plan.
Which of the following best describes the approach you should take to finding and evaluating evidence related to management questions? a. Only use evidence obtained through searches on well-established and recognized search tools such as PubMed. b. Search using multiple sources and strategies, considering all forms of evidence, but carefully evaluate the quality and strength of the evidence that you use. c. Limit your search and use of data to the fi eld or discipline (e.g., occupational therapy) to exclude evidence from other fi elds or disciplines that may not be directly related to your question. d. Limit your search to only consider evidence developed through the strongest experimental methods such as randomized control designs.
b. Search using multiple sources and strategies, considering all forms of evidence, but carefully evaluate the quality and strength of the evidence that you use.
When comparing Servant Leadership Theory and Transformational Leadership Theory, which of the following best describes the motivation of the leaders? a. Transformational leaders are concerned about work groups only and typically do not consider the development of the individual, whereas servant leaders focus only on the individual. b. Servant leaders tend to see all persons as equal and valued, whereas transformational leaders value individuals but more in relation to helping the organization succeed. c. Servant leaders and transformational leaders are both thought to have a strong orientation toward the individual rather than consideration of the organization's success. d. Servant leaders and transformational leaders are both thought to have a strong orientation toward the success of the organization rather than toward the individual.
b. Servant leaders tend to see all persons as equal and valued, whereas transformational leaders value individuals but more in relation to helping the organization succeed.
6. A description of a professional portfolio that best describes its use would be as follows: A professional portfolio is an assessment and learning tool: a. That is used to document readiness for the certification examination to enter the profession as an entry-level occupational therapy practitioner. b. That documents experience and learning and helps to identify future learning and professional development needs and goals. c. Appropriate for educators to identify the learning needs of students. d. Appropriate for a human resources department to document the learning needs of staff for accreditation
b. That documents experience and learning and helps to identify future learning and professional development needs and goals.
4. Which of the following is the most accurate statement summarizing the evidence on the use of simulation-based education? a. There is no empirical evidence to support or not support simulation-based education. b. There is mixed evidence to support simulation based education, with some positive results. c. The evidence clearly shows that simulation based education is ineffective. d. None of the above.
b. There is mixed evidence to support simulation based education, with some positive results.
A ____ plan = - Focused on the actions and investment necessary to generate income from a specific program or service - Includes information about products, competitive environment, and revenue-generation assumptions
business
2. According to the transtheoretical model of change, which of the following is not a specific stage of change? a. Precontemplation b. Contemplation c. Avoidance d. Action
c. Avoidance
7. A type of decision in which all parties have agreed to support the plan of action fully even if it is not how they would act if they were acting alone might best be called: a. Negotiation. b. Problem resolution. c. Consensus. d. Problem setting.
c. Consensus.
One accurate summary statement about what we know about the evidence on gender and leadership would be: a. Women are typically perceived as more effective leaders than men as long as they present themselves as stereotypically female. b. Men have consistently shown to be more effective leaders than women. c. Men and women are perceived as more effective as leaders when the approaches they use match their presentation as more "masculine" or "feminine" as perceived by followers. d. Evidence on gender and leadership has established that there is essentially no difference in how male and female leaders are perceived.
c. Men and women are perceived as more effective as leaders when the approaches they use match their presentation as more "masculine" or "feminine" as perceived by followers.
1. Which of the following organizations has direct responsibility for assessing the entrylevel competency of an occupational therapy practitioner via an examination process? a. American Occupational Therapy Association b. American Occupational Therapy Foundation c. National Board for Certification of Occupational Therapy d. National Society for Quality
c. National Board for Certification of Occupational Therapy
5. Which of the following regarding supervision of others by occupational therapy practitioners is not true? a. State licensure laws supersede organizational policies or official documents of AOTA. b. Establishing service competency is an important step in determining the amount and type of supervision that is appropriate. c. Occupational therapy practitioners may only formally supervise others in client-related tasks and job functions. d. The amount and type of supervision provided may vary according to the complexity of the clinical situation, the type of practice setting, regulatory requirements, and the number and diversity of clients.
c. Occupational therapy practitioners may only formally supervise others in client-related tasks and job functions.
2. In strategic planning, a SWOT analysis includes all of the following domains of analysis except which of the following ? a. Strengths b. Weaknesses c. Operations d. Threats
c. Operations
Deciding which staff are most appropriate to work on a specific patient care unit and assigning them work tasks would best be described as which of the following key functions of a manager? a. Planning b. Controlling c. Organizing and staffing d. Directing
c. Organizing and staffing
1. Power that is obtained because of knowledge, personal attractiveness, or demonstration of effort is best defined as: a. Legitimate authority. b. Organizational influence. c. Personal power. d. Individualized control.
c. Personal power.
4. Which of the following sources of data is best categorized as a primary data source? a. Government census reports b. Economic statistics c. Surveys d. AOTA tip sheets
c. Surveys
7. Which of the following is not true of mentoring programs based on the discussion and evidence presented in this chapter? a. Both naturally occurring and formally structured mentoring experiences can be beneficial to newer employees. b. Mentoring relationships often transition and "end" when goals are met, the mentee has gained skills and experience, and he or she is ready to establish a new relationship with his or her mentor as an equal colleague. c. The advantage of mentoring as an approach to staff development is that there is a standard definition of the concept that is widely accepted and utilized. d. Orchestrated mentoring relationships are often less intense and often last for a shorter period of time than naturally occurring mentoring relationships.
c. The advantage of mentoring as an approach to staff development is that there is a standard definition of the concept that is widely accepted and utilized.
8. Which of the following best describes the skills necessary for effectively leading an interprofessional team? a. The skills for effectively leading an interprofessional team are substantially different from those required to effectively lead other types of teams. b. The skills for effectively leading an interprofessional team are broad, such that they encompass all of the necessary skills for effective leadership of other teams and include several other areas of competency. c. The skills for effectively leading an interprofessional team are very similar to those of leading other types of health-care teams and there is little difference in general. d. The skills for effectively leading an interprofessional team are narrower than those required for effectively leading other types of teams and are essentially a subset of skills.
c. The skills for effectively leading an interprofessional team are very similar to those of leading other types of health-care teams and there is little difference in general.
8. Which of the following describes members of Generation Y, also known as the millennial generation? a. They like to set and achieve shared goals, value loyalty to the organization, and balance work with caring for children and aging parents. b. They are team-oriented, technologically savvy, extremely effective with multitasking, and value flexible schedules and work that contributes to a socially responsible goal. c. They value autonomy, independence, and immediate results. d. None of the above.
c. They value autonomy, independence, and immediate results.
Which of the following would be most accurate in regard to current thinking about the relationships between human traits and leadership effectiveness? a. Human traits are predetermined at birth and there is little ability to change them as we develop. b. Trait Theory is a new development in leadership research; although there is limited empirical evidence, the research to date appears promising as an explanation for leader effectiveness. c. Traits may help us understand how a particular leader might be perceived, but there is little recent research to validate Trait Theory as effective in linking leaders with leadership outcomes. d. The connection between traits and leader outcomes has only been shown to have a strong correlation in strategies related to Transactional Leadership Theory.
c. Traits may help us understand how a particular leader might be perceived, but there is little recent research to validate Trait Theory as effective in linking leaders with leadership outcomes.
1. Which of the following best names a team without discipline-centered boundaries on which team members collaborate, prepare, and supervise the sharing of disciplinary functions while retaining ultimate responsibility for services provided in their place by other team members? a. Interdisciplinary team b. Multidisciplinary team c. Transdisciplinary team d. Interprofessional team
c. Transdisciplinary team
8. A theory of motivation that identifies factors related to employee satisfaction and employee dissatisfaction along different continua is best named: a. Maslow's hierarchy of needs. b. Content or process theory. c. Vroom's expectancy theory. d. Herzberg's hygiene theory.
c. Vroom's expectancy theory.
Occupational therapy managers often need to access data, information, and other forms of evidence to guide decision-making and the development and implementation of programs. Which of the following is most accurate regarding the process of obtaining and interpreting such evidence in the current environment? a. Data, information, and other forms of evidence are easily accessible, easy to organize, and easy to interpret due to the abundance of resources available to the modern-day occupational therapy manager. b. Despite the Internet and online data sources, access to relevant data, information, and other forms of evidence remains elusive; it is often difficult for occupational therapy managers to find the necessary evidence. c. With the rise of the Internet and the development of many systems for storing and accessing data, information, and other forms of evidence, occupational therapy managers may find an overwhelming amount of evidence and may have to focus on organized and strategic approaches to gathering and interpreting the most appropriate evidence. d. Not much has changed in the last decade; because it is often impossible to validate the sources of data, information, and other forms of online evidence, occupational therapy managers should stick to formal literature searches using electronic search engines.
c. With the rise of the Internet and the development of many systems for storing and accessing data, information, and other forms of evidence, occupational therapy managers may find an overwhelming amount of evidence and may have to focus on organized and strategic approaches to gathering and interpreting the most appropriate evidence.
Four Strategies for Increasing Personal Power = 1. Increase your ____ in the organization 2. Increase the personal ____ and flexibility of your position 3. Increase the ____ of your job performance 4. Increase the ____ of your job tasks
centrality, discretion, visibility, relevance
Leadership = - Creating ____ - Integrating _____ - Integrate ___ and ____
change values vision and ethics
Transformational leadership theory consists of c_____, individualized ____, and intellectual _______
charisma, consideration, stimulation
High performing teams display a _____ with ____ ____ to accomplish the concepts listed above
connection, one another
Which management approach to supervision? differs with the situation at hand and requires sensitivity to deal with different situations
contingency
Why does a supervisor needs to understand the applicant's experience? To be aware of your company's _____
culture
Groups of providers that provide care associated with a defined population of patients across multiple settings while being held responsible for the quality and cost of care delivered to that population would best be called: a. Patient-centered medical homes. b. Post-acute care bundles. c. Home health agencies. d. Accountable care organizations.
d. Accountable care organizations.
8. The stage of strategic planning that includes deciding exactly what you are going to do to get to where you want to be and to attain the goals and objectives established earlier in the planning process would best be called: a. Planning to plan. b. Environmental assessment and monitoring. c. Business modeling. d. Action planning
d. Action planning
Based on data on trends in self-pay (i.e., outof-pocket) as a payment source for complementary medicine, which of the following is most accurate? a. Most adults are highly unlikely to pay for complementary health care out-of-pocket and utilization is very low when there is no third-party payment. b. Third-party payment for complementary medicine is essentially nonexistent, so almost 100% of payment for these approaches is out-ofpocket. c. Complementary health care is an essential benefi t of the ACA and therefore self-pay approaches need not be considered. d. Adults are likely to pay for complementary approaches to health care when they have the resources, and approximately a third of selfpay payments are for complementary health care.
d. Adults are likely to pay for complementary approaches to health care when they have the resources, and approximately a third of selfpay payments are for complementary health care.
1. Principles of change management that are commonly cited in the literature include which of the following? a. Theoretical models and frameworks that guide organization members' and researchers' thinking about organizational change b. Approaches and tools for creating and managing change c. Outcomes of the process of change management d. All of the above
d. All of the above
4. Which of the following is an impetus for the increased focus on interprofessional teams? a. A complex globally connected health system b. Shortage of health professionals and limited resources c. Legislation that promotes increasingly coordinated care d. All of the above
d. All of the above
5. Appreciative inquiries include which of the following? a. Discovery b. Dream c. Design d. All of the above
d. All of the above
7. Commonly recognized formal steps in a performance appraisal system include which of the following? a. Intermittent review b. Assessment c. Performance planning d. All of the above
d. All of the above
8. Target populations include which of the following? a. Customers b. Clients c. Third-party payers d. All of the above
d. All of the above
Which of the following have contributed to the proliferation of evidence-based practice and evidence-based management? a. The development of processes, practices, and specific tools to enable health-care professionals to find, evaluate, and use evidence to inform their clinical decisions b. A dramatic increase in the access to evidence over the past several decades because of the Internet and open-access publishing c. Higher expectations for the training and skills of occupational therapy practitioners d. All of the above
d. All of the above
Which of the following was described as a function of the manager? a. Recruiting and retaining staff b. Developing and implementing policies and procedures c. Establishing performance standards and measuring, evaluating, and correcting performance d. All of the above
d. All of the above
Which of the following statements best describes the free-market system as it applies to our health-care system? a. All principles of the free-market system apply to health care in the same way as they apply to all other products. b. All principles of the free-market system apply to health care in the same way as they apply to all other products except competition, because competition is limited. c. All principles of the free-market system apply to health care in the same way as they apply to all other products except supply and demand, because supply and demand are totally under government control. d. All principles of the free-market system apply to health care, but in complex ways that limit consumers' free choice in various ways
d. All principles of the free-market system apply to health care, but in complex ways that limit consumers' free choice in various ways
7. Which of the following best describes the purpose of the performance audit and gap analysis stage of strategic planning? a. It compares current performance against measurable quantitative and qualitative outcome indicators of success related to the departmental or organizational mission. b. It identifies the gap between the current and desired indicators of performance. c. It substantiates the needed financial resources for budget planning. d. Both A and B.
d. Both A and B.
7. Which of the following best defines the term collaborative competencies ? a. Competencies that each profession identifies as its own in order to promote more effective teamwork and prevent conflict by delineating clear professional roles. b. Competencies that each profession identifies that other professions must develop in order to most effectively work with others, with patients and families, with nonprofessionals and volunteers, within communities, and at a broader policy level. c. Competencies specifically focused on interpersonal communication, such as effective conflict resolution, and that promote teamwork. d. Competencies that each profession needs to work together with others, such as other specialties within a profession, between professions, with patients and families, with nonprofessionals and volunteers, within and between organizations, within communities, and at a broader policy level.
d. Competencies that each profession needs to work together with others, such as other specialties within a profession, between professions, with patients and families, with nonprofessionals and volunteers, within and between organizations, within communities, and at a broader policy level.
2. Statements of explicit measures or indicators that define specific areas of knowledge, skills, and abilities related to essential functions and assigned duties within a job or role may best be named: a. Competence. b. Certifications. c. Continuing competence. d. Competencies.
d. Competencies.
A management tool that describes why your department or organization exists and its key functions would best be called a: a. Vision statement. b. Strategic plan. c. Policy and procedure. d. Mission statement.
d. Mission statement.
7. Which of the following statements is most accurate in regard to assessment and documentation of competencies for per diem or contract staff? a. Organizations are not responsible for assessing or documenting competencies for per diem or contract staff. b. Organizations can rely on the agency providing the per diem or contract staff to handle everything related to assessing and documenting competencies. c. Organizations only must assess and document specialized competencies used only in their practice setting. d. Organizations must assure that per diem or contract staff have met all competencies required for permanent staff and must assure that these staff have documentation of appropriate training.
d. Organizations must assure that per diem or contract staff have met all competencies required for permanent staff and must assure that these staff have documentation of appropriate training.
Which of the following is the bestd escription of grey literature ? a. Papers, reports, and other documents from private industry that often may be biased because of private funding b. Papers, reports, and other documents referred to as grey because of the weak evaluation of their accuracy and usefulness c. Papers, reports, and other documents controlled by commercial publishers that have passed the highest levels of review and academic scrutiny d. Papers, reports, and other documents from government, the academy, business, and industry that are not controlled by commercial publishers but are a valid form of evidence
d. Papers, reports, and other documents from government, the academy, business, and industry that are not controlled by commercial publishers but are a valid form of evidence
Which of the following pairs includes two theories of leadership that could both be categorized as supervisory theories of leadership? a. Path-Goal Theory of Leadership and Servant Leadership Theory b. Transactional Leadership Theory and Charismatic Leadership Theory c. Transformational Leadership Theory and Transactional Leadership Theory d. Path-Goal Theory of Leadership and Transactional Leadership Theory
d. Path-Goal Theory of Leadership and Transactional Leadership Theory
6. The process of clearly defining a problem or naming the problem so that you will pay attention to information that you identify as relating to the problem and ignore information that you feel is extraneous might best be called: a. Change management. b. Process fl ow. c. Obstacle definition. d. Problem setting.
d. Problem setting.
3. As an alternative to the traditional SWOT analysis, a SOAR analysis includes all except which of the following elements? a. Strengths b. Opportunities c. Aspirations d. Research
d. Research
A theory of leadership that focuses on identifying the relationship between task characteristics and employee readiness and matching a supervisory response is bestcalled: a. Servant Leadership Theory. b. Path-Goal Theory of Leadership. c. Transformational Leadership Theory. d. Situational Leadership Theory.
d. Situational Leadership Theory.
Information is ____ that are ____ to be ____ and easily interpreted
data, organized, useful
What is OT's role in IRF? 1. D_____ _____ 2. Know and understand ____ ____ 3. ___ ___ ____ and functional tasks 4. A_____ 5. Standardized scoring (___) 6. Other forms of ______ testing
discharge planning, disease proccesses Whole body ADLs, assessment QI, standardized
Force field analysis = a balance of ______ forces and ____ forces
driving, resisting
Which model of supervision? blend a number of different supervision models
eclectic/integrationist
According to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs ---> as people experience growth and actualization they ___ ____
expect more
Transactional leadership = ____ and ___ to ___ ___
give and take, deliver outcomes
What is CARF accreditation? - The ___ ____ for rehabilitation - Stands for ____ on ____ of ____ ____ - Accredits many ___ ___ and _____
gold standard commission on accreditation of rehabilitation facilities rehabilitation settings and services
Leading can be thought of as ___ ____, whereas managing be conceptualized as ____ ____
guiding change, maintaining stability.
Which management approach to supervision? relies on participatory techniques - allow staff to help create new programs
human relations
AOTA Standards for Continuing Competence = 1. K____ 2. _____ reasoning 3. _____ attitudes 4. _____ skills 5. ____ practice
knowledge, Critical, Interpersonal, Performance, Ethical
_____ is a process of creating structural change wherein the values, vision, and ethics of individuals are integrated into the culture of a community as a means of achieving sustainable change.
leadership
_____ is the process of guiding an organization by planning for future work obligations, organizing employees into functional units, directing employees in the process of completing daily work tasks, and controlling work processes and systems to ensure adequate quality of work output.
management
______ _____: Protects the public by prohibiting uncertified persons from referring to themselves as occupational therapists/occupational therapy assistants. Unlike licensure, individuals under certain circumstances can practice if they do not refer to their services as occupational therapy. Certification laws may provide for a definition of occupational therapy.
mandatory certification
_____ _____ = Protects the public by prohibiting unregistered persons from referring to themselves as occupational therapists/occupational therapy assistants, although they can practice if they do not refer to their services as occupational therapy. Registration laws may provide for a definition of occupational therapy.
mandatory registration
Questions answered by ___ statements include: - Why does the organization exist? - What function does the organization perform? - For whom does the organization perform this function, or who are the primary beneficiaries? - How does the organization go about filling this function?
mission
CMS 13, cont: 5. Major ____ _____ 6. Fracture of ____ (___ fracture) 7. B_____ _____ 8. N_____ _____, MS, _____ Dz, motor neuron diseases, myopathies, GB, polyneuropathy, muscular dystrophy
multiple trauma, femur, hip, Brain injury, Neurological disorders, Parkinson's
The other 40% of patients are made up of ___-____ 1. Non-Qual. ___ Repl. 2. P_____ 3. C___ 4. Debility 5. O____ 6. P___ 7. L__ 8. T____
non-qualifiers, Joint, Pulmonary, Cardiac, oncology, pain, LVAD, transplants
4 Components of Marketing 1. ___ assessment 2. ____ assessment 3. M_____ ____ 4. M_____ _____
organizational, environmental, market analysis, marketing communications
CMS 13, cont: 12. Severe or advanced _____(osteoarthrosis or degenerative joint disease) involving ___ or more major ___-___ ____ (elbow, shoulders, hips, or knees, but not counting a joint with a _____) with joint deformity and substantial loss of range of motion, atrophy of muscles surrounding the joint
osteoarthritis, two, weight bearing joints, prosthesis
The below all describe _____ - Designed to influence and determine all major decisions and actions - All activities take place within the boundaries set by policies and procedures - Generally adopted by a governance body within an organization - A deliberate system of principles to guide decisions and achieve rational outcomes - A statement of intent - Implemented as a procedure or protocol
policies
The following are all aspects of ___ - Specific methods employed to express policies in day-to-day operations of an organization - Represent an implementation of policy and should evolve over time as new tools emerge and new processes are designed - Clearly explaining how the procedure helps the organization achieve its goals or strategic plan helps ensure understanding and compliance - Are developed with the customer/user in mind - Should be written so that what needs to be done can be easily followed by all users - Use concise, minimum verbiage; if you use an acronym, spell it out the first time you use it - Include step-by-step instructions - Not too technical—simple enough to be understood by a new employee
procedures
Which element of the 7 P's of marketing is this an example of? Clearly define your _____ for everyone in: - Development - Delivery - Marketing communications Know what you can and cannot deliver
product
Which model of supervision? - Person-centered supervision model - Cognitive-behavioral model - teach behaviors related to establishing trusting relationships/setting goals - Feminist model - focuses on empowerment
psychotherapy
Which management approach to supervision? relies on the use of numbers and statistics as well as the sciences
quantitative
The Evidence-Based Management Process Step 1: Frame a ____ related to a decision that needs to be made. Step 2: ____ evidence that may contain information relevant to the question. Step 3: ____ the evidence for accuracy, comprehensiveness, applicability, and actionability. Step 4: ____ the evidence to those who must act on it. Step 5: ____ the evidence to the decision. Step 6: ____ the results.
question, Acquire, Assess, Present, Apply, Evaluate
Skill mix = the appropriate ____ of therapists, assistants, and therapy extenders
ratio
_____ ____ ____ = The level of control and discretion that a manager must have to be fairly held responsible for the outcomes of work groups - Hire and fire employees - Determine rewards - Determine promotions - Determine assignment of work
requisite managerial authority
Key point for managers is that you are responsible for applying the ____ _____ for per diem or registry staff as you are for part-time or full-time permanent employees
same standards
According to Herzberg's Hygiene/Motivation Theory - people can be _____/____ at the same time
satisfied/dissatisfied
The overall goal for any policy is for the design to be ___ ____ , and easy to __
simple, consistent, use
Basic resume Need to Know's = 4. ___ & _____ oriented statements 5. ____ ____Order 6. Professional Format....... No ____ (Google, Word, etc.)
skill, result Reverse Chronological Templates
What is the purpose of CARF accreditation? - To develop and maintain current, field-driven ____ - To ____ organizations that achieve accreditation through a consultative peer-review process - To conduct accreditation ____ emphasizing outcomes, strengths, weaknesses - To provide consultation, education, training, and publications that support organizations in achieving and __ accreditation - To provide info/education to persons served/stakeholders on the ___ of accreditation. - To seek input/be ___ to stakeholders. - To provide continuous _____ services
standards, recognize, research, maintaining value, responsive, improvement
A ____ plan = - Provides guidance - Articulates specific goals; describes action steps and resources needed - Typically reviewed and updated every three to five years
strategic
Which management approach to supervision? relies on measurement and analysis of tasks - delegate steps to meet objectives; focus on policy/procedures
systematic
