Management pt 2

____ involves deciding who your competitors are, anticipating competitors' moves, and determining competitors' strengths and weaknesses.

A competitive analysis

Which of the following statements about ethics is true?

Ethics is the set of moral principles or values that defines right and wrong for a person or group.

Refer to ISG. The shift supervisor needs to motivate the students to work much, much harder than they have been all summer, and they've gotten used to the leisurely pace and job assignments. One of the stated beliefs of ____ was that it was management's responsibility to pay workers fairly for their work, "a fair day's pay for a fair day's work."

Frederick Taylor

Which of the following is a component of Coca-Cola's specific environment and will directly influence how it does business?

Pepsi-Cola

____ stakeholders are groups, such as shareholders, employees, customers, suppliers, governments, and local communities, on which the organization depends for long-term survival.

Primary

____ is a tactic in which an advocacy group actively tries to convince consumers not to purchase a company's product or service.

Product boycott

____ is used to refer to a company's practice of identifying and addressing customer trends and problems after they occur.

Reactive customer monitoring

Refer to Anglo American. ____ is the term used to describe the obligation Anglo American had to take actions that benefit society.

Social responsibility

____ occurs when 1 + 1 = 3.

Synergy

The ____ determined that companies can be prosecuted and punished for the illegal or unethical actions of employees even if management didn't know about the unethical behavior.

U.S. Sentencing Commission Guidelines

Which of the following statements about whistleblowing is true?

Whistleblowing refers to reporting others' ethics violations. Whistleblowing is very difficult for most people to do. Potential whistleblowers often fear that they will be punished. Many federal and state laws protect the rights of whistleblowers.

What is social responsibility?

a business' obligation to pursue policies, make decisions, and take actions that benefit society

Which of the following is a characteristic of successful organizational cultures?

adaptability consistency involvement a clear mission

Which of the following is an example of a closed system?

an isolated ranch in Montana, Buckingham Palace, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, United States Postal System None of the above

The use of ____ in planning produces a false sense of certainty and is often cited as one of the major pitfalls of planning.

assumptions

In order to change an organizational culture, top management can persuade other managers and employees to perform a new behavior in place of an older one. This technique is called ____.

behavioral substitution

To encourage more ethical decision making in an organization, its managers should ____.

carefully select and hire new employees establish a specific code of ethics create an ethical climate train employees in how to make ethical decisions

This type of system functions without interacting with their environment.

closed systems

Which of the following is NOT a dimension of the political/legal component of the general environment that governs and regulates business behavior?

competitive products

Companies are not considered unethical if they do not perform their ____ responsibilities.

discretionary

Historically, ____ responsibility means making a profit by producing a product valued by society. It has been the most basic social responsibility of a business.

economic

Refer to Dofasco. What technique would Dofasco most likely have used to keep apprised of environmental changes that could impact how the company does business?

environmental scanning

The first step managers use to make sense of their changing environments is ____.

environmental scanning

A consumer advocacy group is critical of ads by the U.S. Postal Service (USPS) that claim its Priority Mail is a low-cost, two-day service while failing to disclose that first-class letters generally reach their destination just as quickly and for a tenth the cost. The consumer advocacy group wants the USPS to take ____ responsibility for its actions and do what is right.

ethical

Refer to Dofasco. The slump in the automobile industry would be part of Dofasco's ____ environment.

general

What are the two types of external organizational environments?

general and the specific

The ____ consists of the economy and the technological, socio-cultural, and political/legal trends that indirectly affect all organizations.

general environment

In terms of external organizational environments, the ____ environment affects all organizations while the ____ environment is unique to each company.

general; specific

Typically the most important factor in the relationship between companies and their suppliers is ____.

how dependent they are on each other

Refer to Gap. Gap was ignoring its discretionary responsibilities to society when it ____.

ignored the terrible treatment of overseas workers in the clothing industry

The term ____ refers to the events and trends inside an organization that affect management, employees, and the organizational culture.

internal environment

Refer to Gap. Who in the following list are the primary stakeholders for Gap?

its customers

Bayer AG, Syndial SpA, Crompton Corp., DuPont Dow Elastomers, and Zeon Chemicals are all international manufacturers of rubber chemicals. They have all been indicted as participants in a price-fixing scheme that drove up the costs of rubber chemicals used to make shoes, tires, and other products. These companies ignored their ____ responsibility to society.

legal

Refer to Anglo American. The wave of relief, optimism, and hope throughout South Africa is a reflection of the ____ caused by Anglo's decision.

magnitude of consequences

Nearly all organizations that interact with their environments and depend on them for survival are viewed as ____.

open systems

A high degree of buyer or seller dependence can lead to ____ in which one party benefits at the expense of the other.

opportunistic behavior

Refer to Dofasco. The company's commitment to triple the bottom line and to keeping its employees happy is indicative of Dofasco's ____.

organizational culture

When Susan started work at Henderson Textile Co., she was amazed at its employees who would take 30-minute restroom breaks, leave for the day at 2 p.m., and generally belittle the company's management. Such employees' actions most likely developed over time as a result of a faulty ____.

organizational culture

After an organization's founders are gone, the organization can use ____ to sustain its organizational culture.

organizational heroes

The Edmonton Oilers ice hockey team develops a sense of history for its current players by raising banners showing its success - five championships - and the retired numbers of great players from the past in its stadium and locker room. What tactics for maintaining organizational culture are the Edmonton Oilers using?

organizational stories and organizational heroes

A(n) ____ is a written test that estimates employee honesty by directly asking job applicants what they think or feel about theft or about punishment of unethical behaviors.

overt integrity test

Which of the following would be an example of a visible artifact for an organization that is merging with a large international firm?

personal parking spaces for all salespeople. a private company dining room traditional offices end-of-year bonuses

After earning $8 billion in profit, Royal Dutch/Shell decided to strive to double its profits within the next five years. Which classical management function would be instrumental in achieving this goal?

planning

Fear of a lawsuit prevents many employers from giving totally honest recommendations to former employees. This reflects a change in the ____ component of the general environment.

political/legal

The three stages of moral development identified by Kohlberg are ____.

preconventional level, conventional level, and postconventional level

When media in India informed the public that Coca-Cola products bottled in India contained a high level of certain cancer-causing pesticides, the Indian government immediately ordered Coke to stop production. The Indian government served as a(n) ____.

primary stakeholder

Refer to Anglo American. The miners who work for Anglo American are examples of ____.

primary stakeholders

The two general categories of stakeholders are ____ stakeholders and ____ stakeholders.

primary; secondary

in terms of environmental complexity, ____ environments have few environmental factors, whereas ____ environments have many environmental factors.

simple; complex

Tourism was not the only travel-associated industry that was visibly hurt by what happened on 9/11. People decided to vacation at home and sales of luggage and similar travel gear decreased significantly. Sales of home swimming pools increased. This decision to stay at home reflects a change in attitudes toward the perceived safety of long-distance traveling. This is an example of a change in the ____ component of the general environment.

socio-cultural

According to the ____ model, management's most important responsibility is long-term survival (not just maximizing profits). Long-term survival, according to this model, is achieved by satisfying the interests of multiple corporate stakeholders.

stakeholder

Various persons or groups with a legitimate interest in a company's actions are called ____.

stakeholders

Over the past 20 years, which of the following is an industry that has experienced both the stable and dynamic environments predicted by punctuated equilibrium theory?

the airline industry

Which of the following is a secondary stakeholder group?

the media

Secondary stakeholders are important to a company because ____.

they can affect public perceptions and opinions

Organizations use behavioral addition, behavioral substitution, and ____ to change their organizational culture.

visible artifacts