Manes History Final Review

remained the same.

According to this chart, between the years 1870 and 1900 the number of women as a percentage of the entire workforce

Labor union membership increased after the Great Depression began.

According to this chart, what effect might worker insecurity during the Great Depression have had on labor union membership?

Britain

According to this map, which foreign country held controlling power in the port cities in the main area where the Boxer Rebellion was centered?

the use of water-sharing systems in the western states

Which of the following did the National Reclamation Act of 1902 led to?

the GI Bill of Rights

Which of the following had the biggest impact on post-war economic prosperity in the United States?

poor working conditions in American factories

Which problem was the muckraker Upton Sinclair most concerned to expose?

the Meat Inspection Act and the Pure Food and Drug Act

Which two acts from the early twentieth century shown in the table were most closely related to one another?

He saw communism as a threat to German ethnic solidarity.

Why did Adolf Hitler oppose communism?

to find markets to consume American surplus crops and commodities

Why did industrialists support American expansion overseas?

U.S. presence threatened Japan's ability to establish itself as the most powerful nation in the region.

Why did the U.S. presence in Guam and the Philippines prior to the war create tension between Japan and America?

The battle ended Hitler's hopes of dominating all of Europe and put Germany on the defensive.

Why was the Battle of Stalingrad a turning point in World War II?

Blitzkrieg relied on rapid, heavily armed forces that quickly penetrated deep into enemy territory.

Why was the German strategy of "blitzkrieg" so successful?

They thought material support of the Allies was, indirectly, acting against the Axis Powers.

Why would many isolationists have argued that the Neutrality Act of 1939 was not actually "neutral"?

the Japanese moved into an offensive position.

With the battle of Midway

What approach did Hoover initially take to end the Great Depression?

appealing to the wealthy to volunteer time and money

Safe havens for Jewish refugees in other European countries.

President Roosevelt created the War Refugee Board in 1944 to aid and rescue Jewish refugees. What other action, if taken, did some feel might have helped save more people?

African Americans should immediately demand equal treatment under the law.

What did W.E.B. Du Bois believe about African Americans and racial relations in the United States?

The League of Nations criticized the actions of aggressive nations but did not take effective measures to stop the aggression.

What do the actions listed in this chart suggest about the League of Nations?

The plan will allow FDR to choose justices who agree with New Deal legislation.

What does this cartoon suggest about FDR's plan to expand the Supreme Court?

Neither side trusted the other.

What does this cartoon suggest about the pact between Germany and the Soviet Union?

It encouraged anger toward Spain and helped lead to war.

What effect did the phrase "Remember the Maine!" have on public opinion in the United States during the period just before the Spanish-American War?

Black Tuesday

What event from 1929 does this photo depict?

Cuba became independent but the Platt Amendment tied it to the United States; Puerto Rico became a territory.

What happened to Cuba and Puerto Rico after the Spanish-American War?

The Allied Powers had defeated Germany and, despite disagreements, the leaders hoped to project an image of unity.

What is the most likely reason President Truman and Soviet leader Joseph Stalin are smiling in this image of the two at the Potsdam Conference in 1945?

referendum

What is the name of the political reform that allows voters to reject laws even if they had already been passed by the legislature?

The Allies convinced Hitler that the invasion would happen in Calais, causing him to order important forces away from the invasion site at Normandy.

What led to the success of Operation Overlord?

newspaper campaigns and letters to the President

What was one strategy used by the National Women's Party to secure passage of the Nineteenth Amendment?

a weak economy

What was the main factor that allowed military leaders to assume power in Japan in the 1930s?

It allowed for the appointment of a governor for Puerto Rico.

What was the outcome of the Foraker Act, passed by Congress in 1900?

It legalized segregation in many parts of the country.

What was the primary effect of the Supreme Court ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson?

If the Germans were forced out, it would easiest the way to invading Italy.

What would the North African campaign benefit the Allies?

schools

On which institutions did the progressive leader John Dewey have the largest impact?

his use of the Soviet media to mold public perception

"A combination of fear and massive propaganda kept Stalin in power. Publicity about Stalin was designed to create an idol, encouraging a cult of personality in which he was credited for all good things. In newspapers, billboards, and schools, the public was fed a constant diet of communist success. Soviet art was censored; only positive images of Stalin and soviet life were permitted. Images showing Stalin as a kindly father figure masked the reality of labor camps and the consequences of any resistance to his rule." Based on the text, what was one significant factor that solidified Stalin's political power in the Soviet Union?

massive retaliation.

"A potential aggressor must know that he cannot always prescribe battle conditions to suit him. . . . The way to deter aggression is for the free community to be willing and able to respond vigorously at places and with means of his choosing." —John Foster Dulles, 1954 In this text, Dulles announced the policy of

the attack on Hiroshima.

"After I noticed the flash, white clouds spread over the blue sky. It was amazing. It was as if blue morning-glories had suddenly bloomed up in the sky. . . . Then came the heat wave. It was very, very hot. Even though there was a window glass in front of me, I felt really hot. It was as if I was looking directly into a kitchen oven." —Isao Kita In this text, Isao Kita is describing

Latin America

"All that this country desires is to see the neighboring countries stable, orderly, and prosperous. Any country whose people conduct themselves well can count upon our hearty friendship. If a nation shows that it knows how to act with reasonable efficiency and decency in social and political matters, if it keeps order and pays its obligations, it need fear no interference from the United States. Chronic wrongdoing, or an impotence which results in a general loosening of the ties of civilized society, may in America, as elsewhere, ultimately require intervention by some civilized nation, and in the Western Hemisphere the adherence of the United States to the Monroe Doctrine may force the United States, however reluctantly, in flagrant cases of such wrongdoing or impotence, to the exercise of an international 'police power.'" —Theodore Roosevelt, "Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine" (Fourth Annual Message to Congress), December 6, 1904 In this message to Congress, Roosevelt is discussing American actions in

McCarthyism.

"As an American, I am shocked at the way Republicans and Democrats alike are playing directly into the Communist design of "confuse, divide, and conquer." As an American, I don't want a Democratic Administration "whitewash" or "cover-up" any more than I want a Republican smear or witch hunt. As an American, I condemn a Republican "Fascist" just as much I condemn a Democratic "Communist." I condemn a Democrat "Fascist" just as much as I condemn a Republican "Communist." They are equally dangerous to you and me and to our country. As an American, I want to see our nation recapture the strength and unity it once had when we fought the enemy instead of ourselves." —Senator Margaret Chase Smith, "Declaration of Conscience" In this speech, Senator Smith is discussing the dangers of

motion pictures.

"During the Depression, when the spirit of the people is lower than at any other time, it is a splendid thing that for just 15 cents an American can... look at the smiling face of a baby and forget his troubles."—Franklin Delano Roosevelt President Roosevelt was most likely making a reference to

to redistribute income that has become concentrated in the hands of the wealthy.

"God invited us all to come and eat and drink all we wanted. He smiled on our land and we grew crops of plenty to eat and wear. . . . [But then] Rockefeller, Morgan, and their crowd stepped up and took enough for 120,000,000 people and left only enough for 5,000,000 for all the other 125,000,000 to eat. And so the millions must go hungry and without those good things God gave us unless we call on them to put some of it back."—Huey Long radio broadcast, 1934 In this broadcast, Long opposes the New Deal because he believes that the solution to poverty is

Action must be taken to help farmers and people living in rural areas.

"Hand in hand with this we must frankly recognize the overbalance of population in our industrial centers and, by engaging on a national scale in a redistribution, endeavor to provide a better use of the land for those best fitted for the land. The task can be helped by definite efforts to raise the values of agricultural products and with this the power to purchase the output of our cities. It can be helped by preventing realistically the tragedy of the growing loss through foreclosure of our small homes and our farms. It can be helped by insistence that the Federal, State, and local governments act forthwith on the demand that their cost be drastically reduced. There are many ways in which it can be helped, but it can never be helped merely by talking about it. We must act and act quickly."—Franklin Delano Roosevelt, first inaugural address, 1933 What is President Roosevelt's message in this excerpt from his inauguration speech?

his ability to communicate with the public

"Hitler is a man of simple tastes, a vegetarian for health reasons, a non-smoker and teetotaler. Possessed of extraordinary vitality, four hours' sleep and twenty hours' work make up his normal working day... As a speaker, Hitler exercises astonishing sway over a German audience, presumably because public speaking is an unknown art in Germany. His speeches are practically repetitions of a few simple main theses, in the course of which platitudes are uttered with such extraordinary emphasis that an unsophisticated audience mistakes them for newly minted aphorisms. He has sized up the German audience during his fifteen years of apprenticeship with astonishing accuracy. This and an undeniable political instinct has brought him to the top of the tree."—Short description of Adolf Hitler prepared by the British Embassy in Berlin, January 1937 According to the author of this text, which characteristic led to Hitler's political success?

the Truman Doctrine.

"I believe that it must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures." —President Harry S. Truman, Address Before a Joint Session of Congress, March 12, 1947 In this speech, Truman was advocating

Joseph McCarthy.

"I have here in my hand a list of 205 [individuals] that were known to the Secretary of State as being members of the Communist Party and who nevertheless are still working and shaping the policy of the State Department." This statement was made by

the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor.

"I saw more planes coming in, passing over Battleship Row dropping bombs. I remember very clearly what looked like a dive-bomber coming in over the Arizona and dropping a bomb. I saw that bomb go down through what looked like a stack, and almost instantly it cracked the bottom of the Arizona, blowing the whole bow loose. It rose out of the water and settled. I could see flames, fire, and smoke coming out of that ship, and I saw two men flying through the air and the fire, screaming as they went."—Corpsman James F. Anderson In this text, Corpsman Anderson is describing

The Axis powers may be developing an atomic weapon.

"I wish to draw your attention to the development which has taken place since the conference that was arranged through your good offices in October last year between scientists engaged in this work and governmental representatives. Since the outbreak of the war, interest in uranium has intensified in Germany. I have now learned that research there is carried out in great secrecy and that it has been extended to another of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institutes, the Institute of Physics. The latter has been taken over by the government and a group of physicists, under the leadership of C. F. von Weizsäcker, who is now working there on uranium in collaboration with the Institute of Chemistry. The former director was sent away on leave of absence, apparently for the duration of the war." —Letter to Franklin D. Roosevelt from Albert Einstein, March 7, 1940 What concern is Einstein expressing in this letter?

to encourage Americans to cooperate with rationing of goods

"In time of war, our ordinary ideas of what we will consume and how we are able to spend our money must be set aside. The usual peace time activities of the country must be subordinated to a single huge job—the carrying on of a war which calls upon us for our utmost in resources and effort. The job of every consumer, therefore, in this period of war is to change his consumption and his spending of money in such a way as to help carry on the war in every way possible, and to release productive capacity of every sort for defense effort, and at the same time keep up the health and morale of himself and his family."—Suggestions to county committees of consumer interests What is the purpose of this passage?

the Social Security Act

"It has taken the rapid industrialization of the last few decades, with its mass-production methods, to teach us that a man might become a victim of circumstances far beyond his control, and finally it took a depression to dramatize for us the appalling insecurity of the great mass of the population, and to stimulate interest in social insurance in the United States. We have come to learn that the large majority of our citizens must have protection against the loss of income due to unemployment, old age, death of the breadwinners and disabling accident and illness, not only on humanitarian grounds, but in the interest of our National welfare. If we are to maintain a healthy economy and thriving production, we need to maintain the standard of living of the lower income groups in our population who constitute 90 per cent of our purchasing power."—Frances Perkins, National Radio Address delivered February 25, 1935 In the speech above, Frances Perkins is discussing the benefits of which New Deal program?

President Roosevelt stated that social security would ease unemployment by encouraging older workers to retire and opening up jobs for younger workers.

"My most immediate concern is in carrying out the purposes of the great work program just enacted by the Congress. Its first objective is to put men and women now on the relief rolls to work and, incidentally, to assist materially in our already unmistakable march toward recovery... We must begin now to make provision for the future. That is why our social security program is an important part of the complete picture. It proposes, by means of old age pensions, to help those who have reached the age of retirement to give up their jobs and thus give to the younger generation greater opportunities for work and to give to all a feeling of security as they look toward old age. Provisions for social security, however, are protections for the future. Our responsibility for the immediate necessities of the unemployed has been met by the Congress through the most comprehensive work plan in the history of the Nation. Our problem is to put to work three and one-half million employable persons now on the relief rolls. It is a problem quite as much for private industry as for the government."—Franklin D. Roosevelt, Fireside Chat, April 28, 1935 What connection did President Roosevelt draw between social security and unemployment?

African Americans will receive equal treatment when they have earned it.

"Poverty and ignorance have affected the black man just as they affect the white man. They have made him untruthful, intemperate, selfish, caused him to steal, to be cheated, and made the outcast of society, and he has aspired to positions which he was not mentally and morally capable of filling. But the day is breaking, and education will bring the complete light. The scales of prejudice are beginning to drop from the eyes of the dominant classes South, and through their clearer and more intelligent vision they are beginning to see and recognize the mighty truth that wealth, happiness, and permanent prosperity will only come in proportion as the hand, head, and heart of both races are educated and Christianized." —Booker T. Washington, "The Educational Outlook in the South," July 16, 1884 What opinion does Washington express about the equal rights movement for African Americans?

Declaration Regarding the Defeat of Germany and the Assumption of Supreme Authority by Allied Powers

"The German armed forces on land, at sea and in the air have been completely defeated and have surrendered unconditionally and Germany, which bears responsibility for the war, is no longer capable of resisting the will of the victorious Powers. The unconditional surrender of Germany has thereby been effected, and Germany has become subject to such requirements as may now or hereafter be imposed upon her." What is the mostly likely title of this declaration?

the Battle of the Bulge.

"The United States troops have done almost all the fighting and have suffered almost all the losses. They have suffered losses almost equal to those of both sides at the Battle of Gettysburg. . . . [it] will, I believe, be regarded as an ever-famous American victory.—Winston Churchill, Address to the House of Commons, January 18, 1945 In this address, Prime Minister Churchill is referencing

President Roosevelt acted quickly and proposed a number of major relief and reform bills in his first Hundred Days in office.

"The country needs and, unless I mistake its temper, the country demands bold, persistent experimentation. It is common sense to take a method and to try it. If it fails, admit it frankly and try another. But above all, try something!"—Franklin D. Roosevelt, speech at Oglethorpe University, May 22, 1932 What actions did Roosevelt take during the first year of his presidency that show the sentiment expressed in this quote?

the Chinese entered the Korean War.

"The developments resulting from our assault movements have now assumed a clear definition. All hope of localization of the Korean conflict to enemy forces composed of North Korean troops with alien token elements can now be completely abandoned... No pretext of minor support under the guise of volunteerism or other subterfuge now has the slightest validity. We face an entirely new war." —telegram from General Douglas MacArthur to the Joint Chiefs of Staff, November 28, 1950 General MacArthur sees recent developments as creating "an entirely new war" because

dollar diplomacy

"The diplomacy of the present administration has sought to respond to modern ideas of commercial intercourse. This policy has been characterized as substituting dollars for bullets. It is one that appeals alike to idealistic humanitarian sentiments, to the dictates of sound policy and strategy, and to legitimate commercial aims. It is an effort frankly directed to the increase of American trade upon the axiomatic principle that the government of the United States shall extend all proper support to every legitimate and beneficial American enterprise abroad." —William Howard Taft, 1912 In this text, Taft is advocating what became known as

the New Nationalism.

"The man with only a little capital is finding it harder and harder to get into the field, more and more impossible to compete with the big fellow. Why? Because the laws of this country do not prevent the strong from crushing the weak." — Woodrow Wilson, 1913 The idea that President Wilson explained was the basis of a program he called

Marshall Plan.

"The truth of the matter is that Europe's requirements for the next 3 or 4 years of foreign food and other essential products—principally from America—are so much greater than her present ability to pay that she must have substantial additional help, or face economic, social, and political deterioration of a very grave character. The remedy lies in breaking the vicious circle and restoring the confidence of the European people in the economic future of their own countries and of Europe as a whole. The manufacturer and the farmer throughout wide areas must be able and willing to exchange their products for currencies the continuing value of which is not open to question."—Congressional Record, June 30, 1947 The text outlines the basis for the

explaining why China fell to communism.

"The unfortunate but inescapable fact is that the ominous result of the civil war in China was beyond the control of the government of the United States. Nothing that this country did or could have done within the reasonable limits of its capabilities could have changed the result."—Secretary of State Dean Acheson, "White Paper on China," August 1949 In this text, Secretary Acheson's purpose was

Those stories are misleading

"The visitor [to St. Louis] is told of the wealth of the residents, of the financial strength of the banks, and of the growing importance of the industries; yet he sees poorly paved, refuse-burdened streets, and dusty or mud-covered alleys; he passes a ramshackle firetrap crowded with the sick and learns that it is the City Hospital. . . . Finally, he turns a tap in the hotel to see liquid mud flow into [the] wash basin or bathtub." — Lincoln Steffens and Claude Wetmore, "Corruption and Reform in St. Louis," McClure's Magazine, October 1902 According to Steffens and Wetmore, what best describes the often positive stories visitors are told about St. Louis before they come to the city?

Many rural farmers lost their homes.

"We had been poor, but we knew every night there was a bed there, and this was our room. . . . But that all of a sudden changed. When you're small, you can't figure these things out. You know something's not right and you don't like it, but you don't . . . let that get you down. You sort of just continue to move."—Cesar Chavez In what way does Chavez's statement reflect the experience of many American during the Depression?

Ray Kroc

Which of the following American entrepreneurs was involved in the retail merchandising business?

to show that the Allies were unified in their efforts to defeat Germany

"We have reached complete agreement as to the scope and timing of the operations to be undertaken from the east, west and south. The common understanding which we have here reached guarantees that victory will be ours. . . . No power on earth can prevent our destroying the German armies by land, their U Boats by sea, and their war planes from the air."—Declaration of the Three Powers, December 1, 1943 What was the purpose of this declaration, which was issued after a meeting of the leaders of the United States, Great Britain, and the Soviet Union?

occupying the Philippines

"We hold that the policy known as imperialism is hostile to liberty and tends toward militarism, an evil from which it has been our glory to be free. We regret that it has become necessary in the land of Washington and Lincoln to reaffirm that all men, of whatever race or color, are entitled to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. We maintain that governments derive their just powers from the consent of the governed. We insist that the subjugation of any people is "criminal aggression" and open disloyalty to the distinctive principles of our Government." —Platform of the American Anti-Imperialist League, 1899 Which action would the American Anti-Imperialist League most likely consider "criminal aggression"?

moral diplomacy.

"We must prove ourselves [Latin America's] friends and champions upon terms of equality and honor. . . . We must show ourselves friends by comprehending their interest, whether it squares with our own interest or not. . . . Comprehension must be the soil in which shall grow all the fruits of friendship. . . . I mean the development of constitutional liberty in the world." —Woodrow Wilson, October 27, 1913 In this message, President Wilson described the form of diplomacy he supported, also known as

be given fair opportunities to compete.

"When I say I believe in a square deal, I do not mean to give every man the best hand. If good cards do not come to any man, or if they do come, and he has not got the power to play them, that is his affair. All I mean is that there shall be no crookedness in the dealing."—Theodore Roosevelt, 1905 The Square Deal that President Roosevelt describes insured that small business owners would

No nation can be completely isolated from other nations.

"When an epidemic of physical disease starts to spread, the community approves and joins in a quarantine of the patients in order to protect the health of the community against the spread of the disease. . . . War is a contagion, whether it be declared or undeclared. It can engulf states and peoples remote from the original scene of hostilities. We are determined to keep out of war, yet we cannot insure ourselves against the disastrous effects of war and the dangers of involvement."—President Franklin Roosevelt, Quarantine speech, October 5, 1937 What sentence best expresses President Roosevelt's message?

It affected the ability to produce profitable crops in the Great Plains region.

"When we open the door, swirling whirlwinds of soil beat against us unmercifully, and we are glad to go back inside and sit choking in the dirt. We couldn't see the streetlight just in front of the house.One morning, early, I went out during a lull, and when I started to return I couldn't see the house. I knew the direction, so I kept on coming, and was quite close before I could even see the outline. It sure made me feel funny."—"Grace," Dust Bowl survivor, 1935 What can you infer from this account about the main economic effect of the Dust Bowl on the Great Plains region?

the United States was not doing enough to help its own citizens.

"While we sympathize with the Serbian or the Russian, with the Jew in Germany or the Christian in Russia, the major portion of our sympathy is extended to our dispossessed farmer, our disconsolate laborers who are being crushed at this moment while the spirit of internationalism runs rampant in the corridors of the Capitol, hoping to participate in setting the world aright while chaos clamors at our doors." —Father Charles Coughlin This quote best reflects Father Coughlin's point of view that

to ask for a declaration of war on Japan

"Yesterday, December 7, 1941—a date which will live in infamy—the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan. . . . The people of the United States have already formed their opinions and well understand the implications to the very life and safety of our nation. No matter how long it may take us to overcome this premeditated invasion, the American people in their righteous might will win through to absolute victory." —President Franklin Roosevelt, December 8, 1941 What was President Roosevelt's purpose in this speech?

suffered discrimination in many industries.

"[Mexican Americans] are now employed to a considerable extent in the coal mines of Colorado and New Mexico, in the ore mines of Colorado and Arizona, in the smelters of Arizona, in the cement factories of Colorado and California, . . . and in fruit growing and canning in California. . . . Where they are employed in other industries, the same wage discrimination against them as was noted in the case of railroad employees is generally apparent." —Samuel Bryan, The Survey, September 1912 According to this quotation, Mexican Americans

They were both implicated by known Communists.

According to the information in the table, what did Alger Hiss and Julius Rosenberg have in common?

the goal of the "Double V" campaign was victory not only on the battle field, but also back home. The victory was to stop racial discrimination on both the front lines and at home.

***Explain the goals of the "Double V" campaign. Was it successful?

To provide military alliance to counter Soviet expansion. 12 Western European and North American nations agreed to act together in the defense of Western Europe. In response, the Soviet Union and its satellite States formed a rival military alliance, called the Warsaw Pact.

***For what purpose was the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) founded, and how did the Soviet Union respond?

Steinbeck follows the fictional Joad family from their home in Oklahoma, which has been ravaged by Dust Bowl conditions, to California, where they hope to build a better life. But instead of the promised land, the Joad's encounter exploitation, disease, hunger, and political corruption.

***How did The Grapes of Wrath reflect American life during the Great Depression?

Rival newspaper publishers Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst heightened the public's dislike of the Spanish government. To boost readership, Pulitzer's New York world, Hearst's New York Journal, and similar newspapers pasted sensational headlines and pictures on their front pages. Their stories exaggerated Spanish atrocities and compared Cuban rebels to the patriots of the American Revolution.

***How did the mass print media influence the United States' decision to declare war on Spain?

The axis powers didn't uniformally have the same goals. Their only goal was to take over several territories to become a world power. The allies goals, however, was to maintain peace and liberation for those under Nazi and Japanese control.

***How were the goals of the Allied powers different from those of the Axis powers, and how did this fact help the Allies win the war?

The Nazi's form of totalitarism caused Nazi's to completely terminate "unwanted" people. Genocide was the only solution to the Jewish question.

***What ideas in Europe fueled anti-Semitism and how did Hitler use these ideas to support his "Final Solution"?

By following Bible teachings about charity and justice, people could make society "the kingdom of God", make life on Earth closer to the promised paradise of heaven by helping others and making the world more just. Issues of child labor and long working hours led social gospel to call for a end and shorter work week.

***What role did the Social Gospel play in American Progressivism?

Local black clubs and churches setup employment agencies and relief efforts to focus on poorer workers, helped families buy clothes and books and send children to school. It also helped factory workers and domestic servants find jobs. Still aids African Americans today.

***What was the Urban League and in what ways did it expand economic opportunities for African Americans in the early twentieth century?

refusal to conform to accepted ways of dressing, thinking, and acting. "Conformity stifled individuals"

***What were some of the major themes in the literature of the 1950s, and how did the culture of this era foster those themes?

The US and Soviet Union emerged as superpowers after WW2. The US was the strongest. Except for the attack on Pearl Harbor, no major battle had been fought on U.S. soil. In addition, American industry had boomed during the war. By contrast, much of the war had been fought on Soviet soil. Its industries, cities, and people had suffered terribly.

***Which 2 nations emerged as superpowers after WW2? Which nation was in the better post-war position, and why?

Jane Addams was a leading figure in the Settlement House Movement. She opened a Hull House in 1889.

***Who was Jane Addams, and what did she accomplish as a social reformer?

As means of escapism. They sought relief from their concerns through a good laugh, a good cry, and lyrical song, or by seeing good triumph over evil. The Wizard of Oz, one of the most memorable depression-era films, delivers all 4. It promised weary audiences that their dreams could come true.

***Why do you think so many Americans went to the movies during the Great Depression? Support your answer with example

infrastructure.

According to the map, most environmental projects conducted by the PWA and WPA involved

suffrage for women and other disenfranchised groups

. "Political parties exist to secure responsible government and to execute the will of the people. From these great tasks both of the old parties have turned aside. Instead of instruments to promote the general welfare, they have become the tools of corrupt interests which use them impartially to serve their selfish purposes. Behind the ostensible government sits enthroned an invisible government owing no allegiance and acknowledging no responsibility to the people. To destroy this invisible government, to dissolve the unholy alliance between corrupt business and corrupt politics is the first task of the statesmanship of the day. Unhampered by tradition, uncorrupted by power, undismayed by the magnitude of the task, the new party offers itself as the instrument of the people to sweep away old abuses, to build a new and nobler commonwealth." —Progressive Party Platform of 1912 This excerpt from the Progressive Party platform concerns which issue?

customers withdrew their money from the banks all at once.

. This photo illustrates the bank failures that occurred in the early 1930s because

increase government spending in order to increase demand for goods and services.

74. "While some economists argue that full employment can be restored if wages are allowed to fall to lower levels, Keynesians maintain that employers will not employ workers to produce goods that cannot be sold. Because they believe unemployment results from an insufficient demand for goods and services, Keynesianism is considered a "demand-side" theory that focuses on short-run economic fluctuations. Keynes argued that investment, which responds to variations in the interest rate and to expectations about the future, is the dynamic factor determining the level of economic activity. He also maintained that deliberate government action could foster full employment. Keynesian economists claim that the government can directly influence the demand for goods and services by altering tax policies and public expenditures." —Encyclopædia Britannica John Maynard Keynes argued that the best way to lower unemployment is to

Poland

According to the information in the graph, which country had the smallest percent change in unemployment rate between 1929 and 1932?

the government had taken a larger role in reducing unemployment.

According to the economist John Maynard Keynes, the Great Depression could have been avoided if

China.

After World War II ended, continuing political differences led to civil war in

the Progressive Party

Although he was previously a member of the Republican Party, what other party did Theodore Roosevelt represent in his 1912 run for President?

language barriers and cultural segregation.

During the postwar era, all minorities faced problems stemming from

How was the economic struggle during the Great Depression different for rural Americans than for those who lived in cities?

Environmental disasters worsened the struggles for rural Americans.

was charged with trying to assassinate Adolf Hitler.

Erwin Rommel, who led the German forces in northern Africa, later

Social Security.

Frances Perkins, the first woman to be appointed to a presidential Cabinet position, played a large role in establishing

Social Security provided a long-term safety net for the elderly, rather than temporary job relief.

How did Social Security differ in its goals from the Public Works Administration (PWA)?

More women were able to find jobs in manufacturing and other fields not traditionally considered to be women's work.

How did World War II change the employment situation for women?

an opportunity to gain a degree of political autonomy

How did many citizens of Soviet-dominated countries in Eastern Europe interpret Khrushchev's talk of "peaceful co-existence" in the mid 1950s?

Americans blamed Hoover for what many saw as MacArthur's excessive use of force.

In 1932, referring to the Bonus Army, General Douglas MacArthur said, "They had come to the conclusion, beyond a shadow of a doubt, that they were about to take over . . . direct control of the government. . . . It is my opinion that had the president let it go on another week the institutions of our government would have been very severely threatened." How did MacArthur's view contribute to Herbert Hoover failure to win the presidency the following November?

inspiring rock n' roll music.

In the 1950s, middle class prosperity and the abundance of inexpensive goods had the unexpected effect of

muckraking journalism.

In this political cartoon, the witch flying over the Capitol building on a rake is meant to represent

self improvement and social mobility.

Much of the literature during the Great Depression

Works Progress Administration (WPA)

Murals commissioned during the New Deal still exist in public buildings today. Which program appropriated money for these murals?

recognized the right for employees to join labor unions and bargain collectively.

One of the most important pieces of New Deal labor legislation, the Wagner Act

isolate the Jews.

Paragraph 1.1. Marriages between Jews and citizens of German or German related blood are forbidden. Marriages which have been performed in spite of this law, even if they have been performed in a foreign country are void.2. The complaint declaring them void can only originate with the District Attorney... Paragraph 5.1. Whoever acts against Paragraph 1 will be punished with forced labor.—Text from the Nuremberg Laws, September 15, 1935 The purpose of Paragraph 1 of the law quoted above was to

GI Bill.

SEC. 100. The Veterans' Administration is hereby declared to be an essential war agency and entitled, second only to the War and Navy Departments, to priorities in personnel, equipment, supplies, and material under any laws, Executive orders, and regulations pertaining to priorities, and in appointments of personnel from civil-service registers the Administrator of Veterans' Affairs is hereby granted the same authority and discretion as the War and Navy Departments and the United States Public Health Service: Provided, That the provisions of this section as to priorities for materials shall apply to any State institution to be built for the care or hospitalization of veterans.—TITLE I, CHAPTER I-HOSPITALIZATION, CLAIMS, AND PROCEDURES, Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944 This text is from an act otherwise known as the

brinkmanship.

Secretary of State Dulles's approach to war can best be described as

a potential nuclear attack during the Cold War.

Shelters such as this represented American concern about

Mexican-Americans.

The "zoot suit riot" that occurred in Los Angeles in 1943 highlighted violence against

a cease-fire in the conflict between North and South Korea.

The 38th parallel was the basis of

Britain and France had tried to regain the canal with Soviet help.

The Eisenhower Doctrine promised aid to any Middle Eastern nations threatened by communism. Why was this doctrine inspired in part by the Suez Canal Crisis?

the hope that Khrushchev would be less repressive than Stalin.

The Hungarian revolt of 1956 was encouraged partly by

allowed Native Americans more control over their own affairs.

The Indian Reorganization Act

arts were being funded more than science and math.

The National Defense Education Act was passed amidst fears that

some might advocate government overthrow.

The Smith Act was passed because of concerns that

communism would spread to other countries.

The Truman Doctrine was established because of fears that

paint murals on public buildings.

The Works Progress Administration encouraged the arts by hiring artists to

recognize their union.

The auto workers who participated in the 1936-37 strike at General Motors were concerned about their safety but continued to protest the company's refusal to

reforms in local government

The destruction caused by the hurricane that ravaged Galveston, TX in 1900 resulted in what kind of reform?

Eleanor Roosevelt.

The drafting of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights was guided by

some feared that movies might influence people's politics.

The first significant postwar target of the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) was the film industry probably because

no one believed that the warning signs would result in a crash in the stock market.

The general attitude of the public leading up to the Black Tuesday was that

only engage enemy forces on islands that offered a direct route to Japan.

The reasoning behind the U.S. military's island-hopping strategy was to

population migration.

The rise in the Sunbelt's political power was primarily due to a concurrent rise in

the Civilian Conservation Corps

Which New Deal program was founded with the primary goal of creating jobs for young men?

dropping atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki

Which decision did President Truman make that most significantly altered the course of the war?

the Allied invasion of Germany.

This cartoon showing Hitler between two tanks was most likely drawn around the time of

military leader.

This illustration depicts Theodore Roosevelt in his role as a

Soviet nationalism.

This model of Sputnik III displayed in Moscow was intended to inspire feelings of

Taft did not continue Roosevelt's policies.

This political cartoon makes the suggestion that

women's service in the military.

This poster was made to encourage